Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1685322
Emmanuel Matambo
ABSTRACT China's identity in Zambia has been constructed in polarizing terms depending on the political and social standing of Zambians from political parties, civil society to ordinary citizens. The current paper looks at how the Patriotic Front (PF), from its time as an opposition to its time as a governing party, has constructed China's identity. The ill-will towards China that the PF constructed in its opposition days is described here as Sinophobia, a fear of China, the likely consequences of its investment and the presence of Chinese nationals. The paper traces how the PF (as an opposition party) moved from being a critic of China to being a staunch defender of China and Zambia-China relations (as ruling party). The conclusions drawn are that while Sinophobia was constructed, the fears expressed by the PF during its opposition days were justifiable and have become even more significant with the deepening of Zambia-China economic relations. Furthermore, the paper argues that current hostile positions towards China by opposition parties in Zambia reinforce the argument that China is an opportune pretext for those who hope to win the support of ordinary Zambians, who endure the perceived threat that comes with Chinese investment and Chinese employers and entrepreneurs. The paper relied mainly on Zambian media, government reports and legislation documents, the author's empirical study on China's identity and interest in Zambia and scholarly secondary literature as sources of data.
{"title":"A choreographed Sinophobia? An analysis of China's identity from the perspective of Zambia's Patriotic Front","authors":"Emmanuel Matambo","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1685322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1685322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT China's identity in Zambia has been constructed in polarizing terms depending on the political and social standing of Zambians from political parties, civil society to ordinary citizens. The current paper looks at how the Patriotic Front (PF), from its time as an opposition to its time as a governing party, has constructed China's identity. The ill-will towards China that the PF constructed in its opposition days is described here as Sinophobia, a fear of China, the likely consequences of its investment and the presence of Chinese nationals. The paper traces how the PF (as an opposition party) moved from being a critic of China to being a staunch defender of China and Zambia-China relations (as ruling party). The conclusions drawn are that while Sinophobia was constructed, the fears expressed by the PF during its opposition days were justifiable and have become even more significant with the deepening of Zambia-China economic relations. Furthermore, the paper argues that current hostile positions towards China by opposition parties in Zambia reinforce the argument that China is an opportune pretext for those who hope to win the support of ordinary Zambians, who endure the perceived threat that comes with Chinese investment and Chinese employers and entrepreneurs. The paper relied mainly on Zambian media, government reports and legislation documents, the author's empirical study on China's identity and interest in Zambia and scholarly secondary literature as sources of data.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"112 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86930164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1685336
Michael Takudzwa Pasara
ABSTRACT African governments signed the largest trade agreement, the Continental Free Trade Agreement in 2018 in order to boost intra-trade thereby improving economic welfare of African citizens. This paper provides an overview of the obstacles to the African economic integration process experienced in the past and the possible solutions. The paper discussed the theoretical postulations and empirically reviewed some African experiences. Some theoretical aspects included not only the traditional international trade theories but also other non-orthodox theories such as organizational theories which include intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism and neorealism. Empirically, Africa’s economic integration challenges range from economic such as polarization of benefits towards larger economies at the expense of smaller economies, an unclear model of distributing welfare gains (or losses), traditional trade models which do not stimulate intra-African trade, several non-tariff and institutional barriers among other factors. Other challenges include lack of political will to implement signed trade contracts and political instability in some economic regions which results in small and fragmented markets. The paper also discussed the legal challenges such as lack of standardization on products and procedures which result in subjectivity in interpretation of trade instruments. The paper made recommendations to each identified challenge in order to make the CFTA more effective.
{"title":"An overview of the obstacles to the African economic integration process in view of the African continental free trade area","authors":"Michael Takudzwa Pasara","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1685336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1685336","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT African governments signed the largest trade agreement, the Continental Free Trade Agreement in 2018 in order to boost intra-trade thereby improving economic welfare of African citizens. This paper provides an overview of the obstacles to the African economic integration process experienced in the past and the possible solutions. The paper discussed the theoretical postulations and empirically reviewed some African experiences. Some theoretical aspects included not only the traditional international trade theories but also other non-orthodox theories such as organizational theories which include intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism and neorealism. Empirically, Africa’s economic integration challenges range from economic such as polarization of benefits towards larger economies at the expense of smaller economies, an unclear model of distributing welfare gains (or losses), traditional trade models which do not stimulate intra-African trade, several non-tariff and institutional barriers among other factors. Other challenges include lack of political will to implement signed trade contracts and political instability in some economic regions which results in small and fragmented markets. The paper also discussed the legal challenges such as lack of standardization on products and procedures which result in subjectivity in interpretation of trade instruments. The paper made recommendations to each identified challenge in order to make the CFTA more effective.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81003672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1685334
O. Olutola
ABSTRACT Relying on complex interdependence as a theoretical approach, this paper investigates the hypothetical damage that the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement could represent for Africa in terms of climate finance. In June 2017, President Donald Trump publicly declared the U.S. intention to withdraw from further participating in the multilateral Paris Agreement. To keen followers and analysts of the U.S. climate policy beyond its borders, such unilateral action was never a surprise. Rather, it is nostalgic of the experience of the Kyoto Protocol, particularly how more or less similar move unduly prolonged the global climate negotiations up till late 2015 when the Paris Agreement came about. Although the Paris Agreement is remarkable as it represents the first states-wide climate deal, it however left a number of issues unresolved. Notable among which is climate finance which has remained the most contentious and of critical concern to developing countries, particularly in Africa. Pitted against the fact that Africa contributes less to climate change and, ironically, the hardest-hit by the phenomenon, the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement aggravates concerns around climate finance and, indeed, portends additional burdens for a continent that is still struggling to cope with the untoward fallout of climate change.
{"title":"U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: implications for climate finance in Africa","authors":"O. Olutola","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1685334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1685334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Relying on complex interdependence as a theoretical approach, this paper investigates the hypothetical damage that the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement could represent for Africa in terms of climate finance. In June 2017, President Donald Trump publicly declared the U.S. intention to withdraw from further participating in the multilateral Paris Agreement. To keen followers and analysts of the U.S. climate policy beyond its borders, such unilateral action was never a surprise. Rather, it is nostalgic of the experience of the Kyoto Protocol, particularly how more or less similar move unduly prolonged the global climate negotiations up till late 2015 when the Paris Agreement came about. Although the Paris Agreement is remarkable as it represents the first states-wide climate deal, it however left a number of issues unresolved. Notable among which is climate finance which has remained the most contentious and of critical concern to developing countries, particularly in Africa. Pitted against the fact that Africa contributes less to climate change and, ironically, the hardest-hit by the phenomenon, the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement aggravates concerns around climate finance and, indeed, portends additional burdens for a continent that is still struggling to cope with the untoward fallout of climate change.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"18 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78121462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1685335
Young joo Lee, Fouad Mouktaoui, YoungHwan Kim
ABSTRACT Under the influence of the common goals of Education For All (EFA), Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the international development realm, many countries around the world have reached a great level of development through continuous improvement in education since 2000. Meanwhile, Morocco could be one of the developing countries that struggle to resolve many problems resulting from having a weak educational system, which has been considered as one of the main obstacles to the country's economic growth. The purpose of this article is to analyse the gender gap in access to primary education in rural areas of Morocco, focusing on primary school girls. Based on the investigation on the major obstacles, we carried out descriptive statistics with selected variables such as the adjusted net enrolment rate, the cumulative drop-out rate to the last grade, the gross intake ration (graduation ratio) to the last grade, and Gender Parity Index (GPI). In addition, we conducted a few private interviews via Skype with local stakeholders to underpin our research and to reflect personal ideas on the Moroccan educational system from their own perspective. Lastly, we suggested applicable solutions against those barriers from the perspective of education ODA.
在国际发展领域全民教育(Education For All, EFA)、千年发展目标(Millennium Development goals, MDGs)和可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development goals, SDGs)共同目标的影响下，2000年以来，世界上许多国家通过教育的不断改善，取得了很大的发展水平。与此同时，摩洛哥可能是努力解决由于教育制度薄弱而造成的许多问题的发展中国家之一，这被认为是该国经济增长的主要障碍之一。本文的目的是分析摩洛哥农村地区获得初等教育的性别差距，重点关注小学女生。在对主要障碍进行调查的基础上，选取调整后净入学率、至末级累计退学率、至末级毛入学率(毕业率)、性别均等指数(GPI)等变量进行描述性统计。此外，我们通过Skype与当地利益相关者进行了一些私人访谈，以支持我们的研究，并从他们自己的角度反映他们对摩洛哥教育系统的个人看法。最后，我们从教育官方发展援助的角度提出了解决这些障碍的可行方法。
{"title":"Mitigating gender gap in access to primary education in rural areas of Morocco","authors":"Young joo Lee, Fouad Mouktaoui, YoungHwan Kim","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1685335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1685335","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Under the influence of the common goals of Education For All (EFA), Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the international development realm, many countries around the world have reached a great level of development through continuous improvement in education since 2000. Meanwhile, Morocco could be one of the developing countries that struggle to resolve many problems resulting from having a weak educational system, which has been considered as one of the main obstacles to the country's economic growth. The purpose of this article is to analyse the gender gap in access to primary education in rural areas of Morocco, focusing on primary school girls. Based on the investigation on the major obstacles, we carried out descriptive statistics with selected variables such as the adjusted net enrolment rate, the cumulative drop-out rate to the last grade, the gross intake ration (graduation ratio) to the last grade, and Gender Parity Index (GPI). In addition, we conducted a few private interviews via Skype with local stakeholders to underpin our research and to reflect personal ideas on the Moroccan educational system from their own perspective. Lastly, we suggested applicable solutions against those barriers from the perspective of education ODA.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"37 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76912202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1637190
F. Mami
ABSTRACT Research on illegal immigration rarely checks the postmodernist propulsions that hinge on postcolonial subjects and their choices. In the following essay on Laila Lalami’s last piece, titled: ‘The Storyteller’ in Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits (2005), an argument is specified through the Moroccan-American author carefully tracing Murad’s rise from the dregs of angst. This rise reflects the lives of disenchanted Maghrebi youths seeking illegal immigration or harr’ga as part of impinging postmodernism on postcolonial experience. Embracing the future in Murad’s circumstances could be possible via affective, not cognitive, means, by investing in cultural memory. Following his deportation from Spain, Murad, the failed harr’ag, becomes emotionally damaged, a force of destruction propelling his own annihilation. Only when abiding by the story he learned from his deceased father does he notice his chances of reconciling with suffering. Through the medieval story of Ghomari, the rug weaver, whose art brought down a despot, Murad shakes off the two American tourists’ emotional oversight of what it means to be postcolonial. Eventually, Murad decides to become a writer: an artist and dreamer. By combining phenomenological, existential, and mythical insights, the essay highlights how Lalami’s story leads readers to discover an empowering narrative for the Maghrebi youth; affective empowerment rooted in shouldering responsibility and emulating the mythic hero.
{"title":"The subversive rug or how art reconciles with suffering in the postcolonial Maghreb: a reading of Laila Lalami’s ‘The Storyteller’","authors":"F. Mami","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1637190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1637190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on illegal immigration rarely checks the postmodernist propulsions that hinge on postcolonial subjects and their choices. In the following essay on Laila Lalami’s last piece, titled: ‘The Storyteller’ in Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits (2005), an argument is specified through the Moroccan-American author carefully tracing Murad’s rise from the dregs of angst. This rise reflects the lives of disenchanted Maghrebi youths seeking illegal immigration or harr’ga as part of impinging postmodernism on postcolonial experience. Embracing the future in Murad’s circumstances could be possible via affective, not cognitive, means, by investing in cultural memory. Following his deportation from Spain, Murad, the failed harr’ag, becomes emotionally damaged, a force of destruction propelling his own annihilation. Only when abiding by the story he learned from his deceased father does he notice his chances of reconciling with suffering. Through the medieval story of Ghomari, the rug weaver, whose art brought down a despot, Murad shakes off the two American tourists’ emotional oversight of what it means to be postcolonial. Eventually, Murad decides to become a writer: an artist and dreamer. By combining phenomenological, existential, and mythical insights, the essay highlights how Lalami’s story leads readers to discover an empowering narrative for the Maghrebi youth; affective empowerment rooted in shouldering responsibility and emulating the mythic hero.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"50 1","pages":"51 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79127063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1685323
Mediel Hove, Enock Ndawana, Wonder S. Ndemera
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the link between political and socio-economic dynamics of illegal street vending and national security in Zimbabwe using the case of Harare. Scholarship has increasingly focused on the interface between the urban informal economy and politics in Zimbabwe. However, the nexus between illegal street vending and national security emerges as a major gulf which this article attempts to fill. Using the human security concept as its framework for analysis and relying on data collected through focus group discussions, observations and interviews with street vendors and different officials as well as content analysis, the article argues that the illegal street vending’s negative effects on human security threaten national security. On the whole, the negative effects of illegal street vending that have the potential to prompt national insecurity include lawlessness, environmental pollution and public health hazards as well as, though arguable, providing a ready recruiting ground for violent mass protests which attract the attendant police violence thus generating social unrest. The article concludes that the deterioration of human security conditions due to illegal street vending endangers national security.
{"title":"Illegal street vending and national security in Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"Mediel Hove, Enock Ndawana, Wonder S. Ndemera","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1685323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1685323","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the link between political and socio-economic dynamics of illegal street vending and national security in Zimbabwe using the case of Harare. Scholarship has increasingly focused on the interface between the urban informal economy and politics in Zimbabwe. However, the nexus between illegal street vending and national security emerges as a major gulf which this article attempts to fill. Using the human security concept as its framework for analysis and relying on data collected through focus group discussions, observations and interviews with street vendors and different officials as well as content analysis, the article argues that the illegal street vending’s negative effects on human security threaten national security. On the whole, the negative effects of illegal street vending that have the potential to prompt national insecurity include lawlessness, environmental pollution and public health hazards as well as, though arguable, providing a ready recruiting ground for violent mass protests which attract the attendant police violence thus generating social unrest. The article concludes that the deterioration of human security conditions due to illegal street vending endangers national security.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"71 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85808668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1689345
S. Hameed
{"title":"Africapitalism rethinking role of business in Africa","authors":"S. Hameed","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1689345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1689345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"72 1","pages":"116 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84789785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-11DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1688933
I. Ahmad
{"title":"Building a Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"I. Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1688933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1688933","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"104 1","pages":"113 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79533084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1631640
Chinyere Anozie, T. O. Umahi, G. Onuoha, N. Nwafor, Onyedikachi Josiah Alozie
ABSTRACT This article examines ocean governance in relation to issues of maritime security and transportation in Nigeria and highlights the contributions of the Gulf of Guinea Commission in addressing maritime security challenges plaguing the region. The efforts to tackle various crimes at sea show the extent to which an integrated response strategy on the part of States can help to overcome the scourge. The article recommends solutions the government in collaboration with neighbouring States and regulatory agencies at regional and national levels can employ in order to achieve effective ocean governance and economic development through an integrated maritime strategy and policy.
{"title":"Ocean governance, integrated maritime security and its impact in the Gulf of Guinea: a lesson for Nigeria’s maritime sector and economy","authors":"Chinyere Anozie, T. O. Umahi, G. Onuoha, N. Nwafor, Onyedikachi Josiah Alozie","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1631640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1631640","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines ocean governance in relation to issues of maritime security and transportation in Nigeria and highlights the contributions of the Gulf of Guinea Commission in addressing maritime security challenges plaguing the region. The efforts to tackle various crimes at sea show the extent to which an integrated response strategy on the part of States can help to overcome the scourge. The article recommends solutions the government in collaboration with neighbouring States and regulatory agencies at regional and national levels can employ in order to achieve effective ocean governance and economic development through an integrated maritime strategy and policy.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"190 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84993629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2019.1635416
Stephen Appiah Takyi, O. Amponsah, D. Inkoom, Gideon Abagna Azunre
ABSTRACT The sustainability of the cocoa industry in the developing world depends heavily on the preservation of the natural environment. There is, therefore, an urgent need for more research, policies and strategies that will help address and minimize the environmental impacts of cocoa production. This study was conducted using both secondary and primary data sources. The secondary data were collected from documentary sources such as reports from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture and the Cocoa Pests and Diseases Control Programme (CODAPEC). On the other hand, the primary data involved an interview of 15 field officers of the Ghana Cocoa Board. These field officers were purposively selected to help ascertain some of the effects of cocoa production on the environment. The study showed that the environmental impact of cocoa production manifest in the clearance of virgin forests for the expansion of cocoa farms (clearance of 117,240 hectares of forest resources between 2010 and 2015), the clearance of forest for the construction of feeder roads (3000 kilometres of new feeder roads constructed to link cocoa farms to the various marketing outlets) and pollution from the use of pesticides and insecticides. In order to address this problem, there is the need for effective and efficient environmental impact assessment system for large scale agricultural production and the construction of feeder roads to farms. Adequate measures should be put in place by the relevant regulatory agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency to ensure that the mitigation measures proposed in the environmental assessment process are implemented to minimize the environmental footprint of cocoa production.
{"title":"Sustaining Ghana’s cocoa sector through environmentally smart agricultural practices: an assessment of the environmental impacts of cocoa production in Ghana","authors":"Stephen Appiah Takyi, O. Amponsah, D. Inkoom, Gideon Abagna Azunre","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2019.1635416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1635416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sustainability of the cocoa industry in the developing world depends heavily on the preservation of the natural environment. There is, therefore, an urgent need for more research, policies and strategies that will help address and minimize the environmental impacts of cocoa production. This study was conducted using both secondary and primary data sources. The secondary data were collected from documentary sources such as reports from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture and the Cocoa Pests and Diseases Control Programme (CODAPEC). On the other hand, the primary data involved an interview of 15 field officers of the Ghana Cocoa Board. These field officers were purposively selected to help ascertain some of the effects of cocoa production on the environment. The study showed that the environmental impact of cocoa production manifest in the clearance of virgin forests for the expansion of cocoa farms (clearance of 117,240 hectares of forest resources between 2010 and 2015), the clearance of forest for the construction of feeder roads (3000 kilometres of new feeder roads constructed to link cocoa farms to the various marketing outlets) and pollution from the use of pesticides and insecticides. In order to address this problem, there is the need for effective and efficient environmental impact assessment system for large scale agricultural production and the construction of feeder roads to farms. Adequate measures should be put in place by the relevant regulatory agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency to ensure that the mitigation measures proposed in the environmental assessment process are implemented to minimize the environmental footprint of cocoa production.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"79 1","pages":"172 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88162790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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