Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/12369
E. Wendland
Elaine James (PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary) is Associate Professor of Old Testament at Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey. According to the book’s description, the author “studies the ancient literature of the Bible with particular attention to its aesthetic and ecological dimensions.” The stated aim of this series of studies is as follows: “Essentials of Biblical Studies comprises freestanding, relatively brief, accessibly written books that provide orientation to the Bible’s contents, its ancient contexts, its interpretive methods and history, and its themes and figures” (p. xiv). The author further adds: “This book is an invitation to biblical poetry, with students and general readers in mind” (p. 1). While the book does indeed offer a valuable introduction to biblical Hebrew poetry, especially the psalms, it is written more at the level of intermediate Bible students, not general readers. Its table of contents is rather too sparse (and should be expanded to include the major internal chapter divisions): Introduction—An Art of Words, 1 Voices, 2 Lines, 3 Forms, 4 Figures, 5 Contexts, Conclusion—Giving Poetry Life. The notes and references for each chapter are provided at the end of the book, which is not the most convenient for ready access, but the final index of subjects is quite complete and includes all the Scripture texts discussed in the book for which the author provides her own translation into English. The present review has been written from the specific perspective of Bible translation and for advanced translators or trainers who could benefit from this helpful overview of the subject at hand.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/12042
D. Firth
That Psalms 40:14–18 and 70 are (near) duplicates is well known. Previous research on these psalms has tended to focus on the question of origin, debating which was the original source for the other, with this then used to explain the variances between them, usually with the goal of establishing the original poem. This paper takes a different approach, arguing that the variances between the two are to be explained as evidence of shaping each to its current setting. These variances thus contribute to subtle changes in meaning between them which need to be recognised.
{"title":"A Poem in Two Contexts: Psalm 40:14–18 and Psalm 70 in their Canonical Setting","authors":"D. Firth","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/12042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/12042","url":null,"abstract":"That Psalms 40:14–18 and 70 are (near) duplicates is well known. Previous research on these psalms has tended to focus on the question of origin, debating which was the original source for the other, with this then used to explain the variances between them, usually with the goal of establishing the original poem. This paper takes a different approach, arguing that the variances between the two are to be explained as evidence of shaping each to its current setting. These variances thus contribute to subtle changes in meaning between them which need to be recognised.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45273362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/11568
Pieter Van der Zwan
As an external and more specifically a facial organ, the nose in the Hebrew Bible not only has various physiological functions such as smell and breathing, but also various meanings as metonym and metaphor. It is also one of the body parts attributed to God, mostly serving a metaphorical role. The nose is probably the body part which is most connected to an emotion, to such an extent that this emotion often displaces the bodily organ. This makes the nose an interesting object for psychoanalytic interpretation. The unique way the nose suggests anger in the Hebrew Bible will be explored from a psychoanalytical perspective to propose a phallic-sadistic understanding of this puzzling association with aggression.
{"title":"The Nose as Organ of Anger in the Book of Job: A Psychoanalytic Understanding","authors":"Pieter Van der Zwan","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/11568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/11568","url":null,"abstract":"As an external and more specifically a facial organ, the nose in the Hebrew Bible not only has various physiological functions such as smell and breathing, but also various meanings as metonym and metaphor. It is also one of the body parts attributed to God, mostly serving a metaphorical role. The nose is probably the body part which is most connected to an emotion, to such an extent that this emotion often displaces the bodily organ. This makes the nose an interesting object for psychoanalytic interpretation. The unique way the nose suggests anger in the Hebrew Bible will be explored from a psychoanalytical perspective to propose a phallic-sadistic understanding of this puzzling association with aggression.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44068371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/12374
J. Gericke
The concept of knowledge plays an important role in Qoheleth. Both linguistic and philosophical perspectives remain popular trends in current related research. Developments in the two auxiliary disciplines that remain largely ignored include those associated with “Epistemic Contextualism.” The theory has been used as both a substantive-epistemological and a descriptive-semantic thesis, both of which concern the way variable epistemic standards are seen to supervene in different contexts of knowledge attributions. Initially offered as a solution to the challenges of radical scepticism, it has recently sought to show how an utterance affirming and denying a subject “knows” that something is the case could both be meaningful in virtue of changing propositional contents expressed in response to variable contextual stakes, interests, and needs. The original contribution of this study lies in constructing the relevant data set in Qoheleth and illustrating the possibilities and problems of applying the semantic format of the theory to discrepant propositional attitude reports in the world of the text.
{"title":"Epistemic Contextualism as Semantic Thesis and Knowledge-Attribution Standards in Qoheleth","authors":"J. Gericke","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/12374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/12374","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of knowledge plays an important role in Qoheleth. Both linguistic and philosophical perspectives remain popular trends in current related research. Developments in the two auxiliary disciplines that remain largely ignored include those associated with “Epistemic Contextualism.” The theory has been used as both a substantive-epistemological and a descriptive-semantic thesis, both of which concern the way variable epistemic standards are seen to supervene in different contexts of knowledge attributions. Initially offered as a solution to the challenges of radical scepticism, it has recently sought to show how an utterance affirming and denying a subject “knows” that something is the case could both be meaningful in virtue of changing propositional contents expressed in response to variable contextual stakes, interests, and needs. The original contribution of this study lies in constructing the relevant data set in Qoheleth and illustrating the possibilities and problems of applying the semantic format of the theory to discrepant propositional attitude reports in the world of the text.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47997162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/11743
P. J. Botha
Psalms 65–68 form a tight collection or “cluster” of psalms close to the conclusion of Book II of the Psalter. The implied redactors’ purpose with this cluster was to offer thanksgiving and praise to God for manifesting his eschatological rule over the entire world. This article investigates the function of spatial descriptions in defining God’s rule over the cosmos in these four psalms. After establishing harmony in the world, God is present as King in his temple in Zion. To dwell in his vicinity is the pinnacle of his people’s blessing and privilege. Further away from Jerusalem, all nations, even to the ends of the earth, worship and praise God and bring him gifts. There is a centripetal movement of joy, worship, praise, and tribute toward God from all who accept his benevolent rule over the world, but also a centrifugal movement away from him by those who oppose his rule and refuse to accept it.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/10097
A. Evans
The pervasive ambiguity in 4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (SOSS) presents a major problem: When are the activities described in this text performed by angels and when by humans? This paper builds on research on Songs One, Seven, Twelve, Thirteen, and Knowledge in SOSS that hypothesised that as the liturgy proceeds through the thirteen songs of SOSS a gradual transition takes place in the human participants. In Song Six, seven chief princes initially bless God and then proceed to bless various other participants in the liturgy, concluding with “those who wait for Him … for a return of His gracious compassion.” Song Seven, in the middle of the liturgy, describes angelic messenger activity arising from the throne of God, based on Ezekiel’s merkebah chapters. After Song Seven, a dramatic change takes place. In Song Eight, those who do the blessing are no longer “chief” princes, but “deputy” princes. The hypothesis of this article is that these deputy princes are the “people of discernment” introduced in Song One, who, having expressed repentance and persevered in joint exaltation of God with the “holiest of holy ones,” have been transformed into “god-like” messengers of God, to convey God’s compassion to those “who wait for Him.” This paper refers to recent cognitive neuroscience insights in order to, to some extent, support Fletcher-Louis’s proposal of a fluid identity achieved by the participants in the liturgy as a “community of human priests as God’s angels.” In its focus on repentance, compassion, and messenger activity, SOSS may be a witness to the beginnings of a new way of achieving atonement.
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This article analyses the main characteristics of verb valency types and the behaviour of verbs in morphosyntactic structures in South Ethiosemitic languages. To achieve the objective, native speaker informants, written texts, and introspection (for Amharic) were used as sources of data. The findings reveal that six valency types of verbs are in use in the languages: avalent, monovalent, bivalent, trivalent, and a valency of ambivalent verbs with one or two arguments, as well as intransitive verbs with a cognate object. Except for the type that concerns avalent verbs, the rest are highly productive. The valency types were differentiated by the required clause elements that precede the verb (e.g., direct object, indirect object, or locative adverbial). Except for the avalent type, all the rest may include obligatory subject(s) and, in some cases, optional adjunct(s).
{"title":"Valency Types in South Ethiosemitic Languages","authors":"Tsige Yohannes Zeleke, Desalaegn Hagos Asfawwesen, Shimels Mazengia","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/10465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/10465","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the main characteristics of verb valency types and the behaviour of verbs in morphosyntactic structures in South Ethiosemitic languages. To achieve the objective, native speaker informants, written texts, and introspection (for Amharic) were used as sources of data. The findings reveal that six valency types of verbs are in use in the languages: avalent, monovalent, bivalent, trivalent, and a valency of ambivalent verbs with one or two arguments, as well as intransitive verbs with a cognate object. Except for the type that concerns avalent verbs, the rest are highly productive. The valency types were differentiated by the required clause elements that precede the verb (e.g., direct object, indirect object, or locative adverbial). Except for the avalent type, all the rest may include obligatory subject(s) and, in some cases, optional adjunct(s).","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/11647
Robert D. Holmstedt
It is well known that Gen 1:1–3 contains considerably more linguistic complexity than readers may initially notice. As the first verses in the Hebrew Bible, they have engendered significant theological and scholarly analysis and been caught up in the modern “creation-science” debate. Yet, for all this attention, the linguistic details are often overlooked or, in some cases, disregarded in favour of ideologically-bound analyses that preference tradition over plain grammatical sense. In this essay, I address two basic linguistic issues methodically: (1) the grammar of the first orthographic word, bereshit, and its implications for the syntactic analysis of verse 1, and (2) the syntactic analysis of verse 2. I conclude that there are only two linguistically plausible analyses of Gen 1:1–3, neither of which matches the traditional rendering “In the beginning, God created ... ”.
{"title":"The Syntax of Genesis 1:1–3","authors":"Robert D. Holmstedt","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/11647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/11647","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that Gen 1:1–3 contains considerably more linguistic complexity than readers may initially notice. As the first verses in the Hebrew Bible, they have engendered significant theological and scholarly analysis and been caught up in the modern “creation-science” debate. Yet, for all this attention, the linguistic details are often overlooked or, in some cases, disregarded in favour of ideologically-bound analyses that preference tradition over plain grammatical sense. In this essay, I address two basic linguistic issues methodically: (1) the grammar of the first orthographic word, bereshit, and its implications for the syntactic analysis of verse 1, and (2) the syntactic analysis of verse 2. I conclude that there are only two linguistically plausible analyses of Gen 1:1–3, neither of which matches the traditional rendering “In the beginning, God created ... ”.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47093955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/10552
M. Michael
Bathsheba’s role in the story of the house of David bears an often-overlooked intertextual connection to the story of the Witch of Endor. In the books of Samuel, the two women triggered a chain of events that later led to the fall of the houses of David and Saul, respectively. While past scholarship has independently studied the importance of the stories of these two women, the present paper describes the intertextual connections and the significance of these two stories in the matrix of 1 and 2 Samuel and the Deuteronomistic History (DtrH). The two royal houses in the stories of these two women are subtly indicted for adulterous affairs against Yahweh. Consequently, the story of Saul at Endor and the story of David’s adultery with Bathsheba are not only intertextually connected to each other but also fulfil a subversive agenda.
{"title":"Bathsheba and the Witch of Endor: The Fall of the Two Royal Houses and its Polemics in 1 and 2 Samuel","authors":"M. Michael","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/10552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/10552","url":null,"abstract":"Bathsheba’s role in the story of the house of David bears an often-overlooked intertextual connection to the story of the Witch of Endor. In the books of Samuel, the two women triggered a chain of events that later led to the fall of the houses of David and Saul, respectively. While past scholarship has independently studied the importance of the stories of these two women, the present paper describes the intertextual connections and the significance of these two stories in the matrix of 1 and 2 Samuel and the Deuteronomistic History (DtrH). The two royal houses in the stories of these two women are subtly indicted for adulterous affairs against Yahweh. Consequently, the story of Saul at Endor and the story of David’s adultery with Bathsheba are not only intertextually connected to each other but also fulfil a subversive agenda.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42330763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper contributes to the ongoing conversation on ecology by contributing an African perspective derived from the theanthropocosmic perspective. African indigenous knowledge and practices have been successfully passed on from one generation to the next without documentation. This is because of the inherent nature of responsibility within the African worldview where God, mankind, and nature exist in a (un)conscious community. The homogenous environmental ethic created within the African context provides scope for rereading the ecological mandate of Genesis 2:15 perhaps as a hermeneutical strategy toward responsibility for the physical environment.
{"title":"ʿbd and šmr in Genesis 2:15 as the Ecological Mandate: An African Theanthropocosmic Perspective","authors":"S. Ndoga","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/9255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/9255","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the ongoing conversation on ecology by contributing an African perspective derived from the theanthropocosmic perspective. African indigenous knowledge and practices have been successfully passed on from one generation to the next without documentation. This is because of the inherent nature of responsibility within the African worldview where God, mankind, and nature exist in a (un)conscious community. The homogenous environmental ethic created within the African context provides scope for rereading the ecological mandate of Genesis 2:15 perhaps as a hermeneutical strategy toward responsibility for the physical environment.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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