Pub Date : 2017-09-11DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47277
L. Peixoto
The debate on observation and order proposed in this article results from a theoretical research in the fields of constructivist and complex epistemology and systemic theory. So, it does not start from a "classical" discussion of the philosophical-epistemological debate on observation. The discussion here proposed relates more specifically to epistemological reflections rather than philosophical ones. The article gives relevance to the advances made by contemporary scientific knowledge in an interdisciplinary way, considering disciplines such as: the physics of thermodynamics, the sciences of cognition, evolutionary biology, the sociology of social systems. Before pretending to do any philosophy of science, it intends to make a kind of philosophical science. The article presents as a dorsal column, which gives support to all arguments throughout its development, the reflexive problematization that involves the concepts of observation, observer and observed, with the notions of order and disorder, essential for the construction of reality as "objectified". Specifically, this article seeks, from these categories, to propose a general outline - some "drafts" - of how the "reality" presents and stabilizes in an interactive and complementary, although always precarious and contingent, involving permanent constructivist indetermination/determination.
{"title":"Observação e ordem: “rascunhos” a uma Epistemologia do (com)plexus","authors":"L. Peixoto","doi":"10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47277","url":null,"abstract":"The debate on observation and order proposed in this article results from a theoretical research in the fields of constructivist and complex epistemology and systemic theory. So, it does not start from a \"classical\" discussion of the philosophical-epistemological debate on observation. The discussion here proposed relates more specifically to epistemological reflections rather than philosophical ones. The article gives relevance to the advances made by contemporary scientific knowledge in an interdisciplinary way, considering disciplines such as: the physics of thermodynamics, the sciences of cognition, evolutionary biology, the sociology of social systems. Before pretending to do any philosophy of science, it intends to make a kind of philosophical science. The article presents as a dorsal column, which gives support to all arguments throughout its development, the reflexive problematization that involves the concepts of observation, observer and observed, with the notions of order and disorder, essential for the construction of reality as \"objectified\". Specifically, this article seeks, from these categories, to propose a general outline - some \"drafts\" - of how the \"reality\" presents and stabilizes in an interactive and complementary, although always precarious and contingent, involving permanent constructivist indetermination/determination.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-11DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47272
Aldo Mascareño
The article argues that in contemporary sociological theory it is possible to recognize a set of operational theories for which the generative mechanism of the social lies at the center of their theoretical architecture. For these theories, the concept of operation plays a pivotal role in describing the emergence of society, while the concept of structure functions as a limitative, reflexive device that informs the operation about the contingent possibilities of social dynamics. The article contends that Pierre Bourdieu’s logic of practice, Margaret Archer’s temporal dislocation between agency and structure as well as the intermediary role of interaction, and Niklas Luhmann’s concept of communication as a threefold selection event represent alternative options in operatively explaining social emergence. Conclusions examine the features of operational theories with a view to drawing the theoretical consequences for basic concepts of social sciences such as time, space, the distinction micro/macro, and the position of norms in sociological theorizing.
{"title":"Esse sequitur operari, o el nuevo giro de la teoría sociológica contemporánea: Bourdieu, Archer, Luhmann","authors":"Aldo Mascareño","doi":"10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47272","url":null,"abstract":"The article argues that in contemporary sociological theory it is possible to recognize a set of operational theories for which the generative mechanism of the social lies at the center of their theoretical architecture. For these theories, the concept of operation plays a pivotal role in describing the emergence of society, while the concept of structure functions as a limitative, reflexive device that informs the operation about the contingent possibilities of social dynamics. The article contends that Pierre Bourdieu’s logic of practice, Margaret Archer’s temporal dislocation between agency and structure as well as the intermediary role of interaction, and Niklas Luhmann’s concept of communication as a threefold selection event represent alternative options in operatively explaining social emergence. Conclusions examine the features of operational theories with a view to drawing the theoretical consequences for basic concepts of social sciences such as time, space, the distinction micro/macro, and the position of norms in sociological theorizing.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47790966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46140
Maria Pilar Opazo, Darío Rodríguez
This article examines how Luhmann's theory of organized systems can be used to expand our understanding of organizational boundaries. In a systematic way, we examine four central components of Luhmann's work: i) its basic distinction between organization and environment, ii) the openness and closeness of the organizations’ functioning, iii) the role of communications and decisions in identifying the limits of organizations and, lastly, iv) Luhmann’s emphasis on coordination in the construction of organizational boundaries. We discuss the salient points of both divergence and correspondence between Luhmann’s work and contending theoretical approaches to organizations. Potential contributions of Luhmann´s theory to analyses of contemporary organizations, both empirical and theoretical, are discussed.
{"title":"Repensando los límites de las organizaciones por medio de la teoría de sistemas organizacionales de Niklas Luhmann","authors":"Maria Pilar Opazo, Darío Rodríguez","doi":"10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46140","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how Luhmann's theory of organized systems can be used to expand our understanding of organizational boundaries. In a systematic way, we examine four central components of Luhmann's work: i) its basic distinction between organization and environment, ii) the openness and closeness of the organizations’ functioning, iii) the role of communications and decisions in identifying the limits of organizations and, lastly, iv) Luhmann’s emphasis on coordination in the construction of organizational boundaries. We discuss the salient points of both divergence and correspondence between Luhmann’s work and contending theoretical approaches to organizations. Potential contributions of Luhmann´s theory to analyses of contemporary organizations, both empirical and theoretical, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46143
J. Sánchez
On this article, temporality is understood as a psychological process which children with HIV build in a autopoietic way, with the contribution of three systems: the biological system, the psychic system and the social system. The epistemological bases of the systemic theory developed by Luhmann are taken, in the way it assumes that children with HIV are formed with those autopoietical systems and each one of them, in a structural mating, contributes to the building of his/her temporality model.
{"title":"El aporte del sistema biológico, psíquico y social a la construcción de la temporalidad en niños con VIH","authors":"J. Sánchez","doi":"10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46143","url":null,"abstract":"On this article, temporality is understood as a psychological process which children with HIV build in a autopoietic way, with the contribution of three systems: the biological system, the psychic system and the social system. The epistemological bases of the systemic theory developed by Luhmann are taken, in the way it assumes that children with HIV are formed with those autopoietical systems and each one of them, in a structural mating, contributes to the building of his/her temporality model.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46012924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46141
R. Zamorano, Karla Hernandez
Recognizing the autopoietic closure of social and psychic systems, we analyze the plausibility of consider emotions as explanatory basis of social order and as ‘new’ source of knowledge of society. With this objective, we problematize the research program on emotions conceptualized as a self-description which rest on transcendental postulations –ontology, return to the subject, intersubjectivity– placing the emotions in a field of encounter between subject and society, and as a constitutive dimension of society. Although it is true that emotions are thematizable presuppositions in the communication, these cannot be the basis of society or a knowledge theory, even if they serve to take a stance on the side of emotion, with the risk of turning the reflection into a moral prescription.
{"title":"Comunicación y emociones como categorías sociológicas","authors":"R. Zamorano, Karla Hernandez","doi":"10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46141","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the autopoietic closure of social and psychic systems, we analyze the plausibility of consider emotions as explanatory basis of social order and as ‘new’ source of knowledge of society. With this objective, we problematize the research program on emotions conceptualized as a self-description which rest on transcendental postulations –ontology, return to the subject, intersubjectivity– placing the emotions in a field of encounter between subject and society, and as a constitutive dimension of society. Although it is true that emotions are thematizable presuppositions in the communication, these cannot be the basis of society or a knowledge theory, even if they serve to take a stance on the side of emotion, with the risk of turning the reflection into a moral prescription.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45340699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46142
José Ignacio Alarcón
The aim of the article is the development of a theoretical program for the observation of money based on social systems theory. For this purpose, the processes allowing the observation of money as medium of exchange in economy are described. Social sciences deployed their own explanations about money in a wide range of formalists, psychoanalysts, religious, functionalists, culturalists, phenomenological and classic systemic descriptions. Such theories contain implicit observations of macro, meso and micro social formation levels. Based on the state of art on this topic, the place of money in the sociology of Niklas Luhmann is described. The article concludes with a characterization of money as a symbolic medium reaching self-referentiality of the economic system, the bifurcation of money’s meanings in organizations, and its emergent properties associated to the dilemma agency/constriction in interaction systems.
{"title":"El dinero desde “medio de intercambio” hasta “medio simbólico.” Elementos luhmannianos para la observación del dinero","authors":"José Ignacio Alarcón","doi":"10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46142","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is the development of a theoretical program for the observation of money based on social systems theory. For this purpose, the processes allowing the observation of money as medium of exchange in economy are described. Social sciences deployed their own explanations about money in a wide range of formalists, psychoanalysts, religious, functionalists, culturalists, phenomenological and classic systemic descriptions. Such theories contain implicit observations of macro, meso and micro social formation levels. Based on the state of art on this topic, the place of money in the sociology of Niklas Luhmann is described. The article concludes with a characterization of money as a symbolic medium reaching self-referentiality of the economic system, the bifurcation of money’s meanings in organizations, and its emergent properties associated to the dilemma agency/constriction in interaction systems.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45936275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-28DOI: 10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46139
Hartmann Tyrell, Raf Vanderstraeten
The focus of professionalization in the system of education has traditionally been on teachers in the school context. Much less attention has been devoted to the parents and family education. This focus on teaching and its professionalization has certainly to do with the fact that (almost) everyone can become parent, but that entry into teaching can be regulated and controlled. But the professionalization of teaching not only affects education in schools. The professionalization of teaching has also modified the role expectations with regard to parents and parenting. Teachers are not just acting in loco parentis. Consider the impact on the family of the temporal organization of the school day and the school year. Consider the impact of home work or (re)marks on report cards. Consider the effects of institutionalized ceremonies, such as parent-teacher consultations in primary and secondary schools, etc. The different interfaces between the family and the school have initiated a process of “schooling the family”. In this paper, we analyse how the confrontation between the “natural” authority of the parents and the “learned” authority of the teachers actually takes place.
{"title":"Familia y escuela: Algunas reflexiones sobre la diferenciación interna del sistema de la educación","authors":"Hartmann Tyrell, Raf Vanderstraeten","doi":"10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-0527.2017.46139","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of professionalization in the system of education has traditionally been on teachers in the school context. Much less attention has been devoted to the parents and family education. This focus on teaching and its professionalization has certainly to do with the fact that (almost) everyone can become parent, but that entry into teaching can be regulated and controlled. But the professionalization of teaching not only affects education in schools. The professionalization of teaching has also modified the role expectations with regard to parents and parenting. Teachers are not just acting in loco parentis. Consider the impact on the family of the temporal organization of the school day and the school year. Consider the impact of home work or (re)marks on report cards. Consider the effects of institutionalized ceremonies, such as parent-teacher consultations in primary and secondary schools, etc. The different interfaces between the family and the school have initiated a process of “schooling the family”. In this paper, we analyse how the confrontation between the “natural” authority of the parents and the “learned” authority of the teachers actually takes place.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43764347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-03DOI: 10.5354/RMAD.V0I35.42796
Gastón Becerra
El constructivismo es un movimiento intelectual heterogeneo que cruza distintos campos del conocimiento. En su interior se registran diferentes discusiones que tratan con preguntas propias, referencias particulares, y que se concentran en las publicaciones especializadas de distintas disciplinas y areas. En un intento por ordenar dicha comunicacion, este trabajo revisa las publicaciones cientificas de Latinoamerica que incluyen el termino “constructivismo” entre sus campos, y que se encuentran indexados en las bases de datos CLASE, PERIODICA y SCIELO. Estas publicaciones son clasificadas en 3 grupos, de acuerdo al uso hacen del constructivismo: (1) los que buscan “aplicar” el constructivismo a los problemas de su campo; (2) los que toman desarrollos constructivistas como su “objeto” de estudio o critica; (3) los que adoptan al constructivismo como un “marco” para analisis nocionales o conceptuales. Luego se describen comparativamente algunas caracteristicas acerca de los 3 grupos de publicaciones (areas de publicacion, temas, keywords, principales autores) en un intento por observar como se organiza la comunicacion cientifica en torno al constructivismo en Latinoamerica.
{"title":"Los usos del constructivismo en las publicaciones científicas de Latinoamérica","authors":"Gastón Becerra","doi":"10.5354/RMAD.V0I35.42796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/RMAD.V0I35.42796","url":null,"abstract":"El constructivismo es un movimiento intelectual heterogeneo que cruza distintos campos del conocimiento. En su interior se registran diferentes discusiones que tratan con preguntas propias, referencias particulares, y que se concentran en las publicaciones especializadas de distintas disciplinas y areas. En un intento por ordenar dicha comunicacion, este trabajo revisa las publicaciones cientificas de Latinoamerica que incluyen el termino “constructivismo” entre sus campos, y que se encuentran indexados en las bases de datos CLASE, PERIODICA y SCIELO. Estas publicaciones son clasificadas en 3 grupos, de acuerdo al uso hacen del constructivismo: (1) los que buscan “aplicar” el constructivismo a los problemas de su campo; (2) los que toman desarrollos constructivistas como su “objeto” de estudio o critica; (3) los que adoptan al constructivismo como un “marco” para analisis nocionales o conceptuales. Luego se describen comparativamente algunas caracteristicas acerca de los 3 grupos de publicaciones (areas de publicacion, temas, keywords, principales autores) en un intento por observar como se organiza la comunicacion cientifica en torno al constructivismo en Latinoamerica.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-03DOI: 10.5354/RMAD.V0I35.42798
Guilherme Brandão
The text aims to discuss the National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCTs) of Brazil in the context of the Latin American functionally differentiated society. The article describes the concept of innovation in its state of the art. In addition, characterizes the INCTs in the field of systems thinking applied to innovation, pointing out the consequences resulting from these characterizations for Public Policy applied to science, technology and innovation (Public Policy applied to STI). The text concludes with the need to re-discuss and deepen the operationalization of the INCTs.
{"title":"Institutos Nacionales de Ciencia y Tecnología en Brasil: Diferenciación funcional e innovación basada en investigación","authors":"Guilherme Brandão","doi":"10.5354/RMAD.V0I35.42798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/RMAD.V0I35.42798","url":null,"abstract":"The text aims to discuss the National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCTs) of Brazil in the context of the Latin American functionally differentiated society. The article describes the concept of innovation in its state of the art. In addition, characterizes the INCTs in the field of systems thinking applied to innovation, pointing out the consequences resulting from these characterizations for Public Policy applied to science, technology and innovation (Public Policy applied to STI). The text concludes with the need to re-discuss and deepen the operationalization of the INCTs.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-02DOI: 10.5354/0718-0527.2016.42794
Rudolf Stichweh
El presente trabajo aborda de manera critica la relacion teorica entre estructura social y semantica, de modo de avanzar en una comprension fructifera para las investigaciones. Se describen y analizan las diferentes concepciones de semantica y las relaciones de esta con las estructuras sociales. Junto con lo anterior, se cuestiona la propuesta de una posible correlacion entre ambos conceptos y se propone, en su lugar, una aproximacion mas cercana a la teoria de sistemas y la teoria de la evolucion. El trabajo concluye con una propuesta para la distincion entre estructura social y semantica, en la cual se destaca la posibilidad que la sociedad describa sus estructuras posibles mediante su propia semantica. Este enfoque haria posible una comprension de la semantica en un sentido anticipativo, reconstructivo y constitutivo respecto de las estructuras sociales.
{"title":"Estructura social y semántica: la lógica de una distinción sistémica","authors":"Rudolf Stichweh","doi":"10.5354/0718-0527.2016.42794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-0527.2016.42794","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo aborda de manera critica la relacion teorica entre estructura social y semantica, de modo de avanzar en una comprension fructifera para las investigaciones. Se describen y analizan las diferentes concepciones de semantica y las relaciones de esta con las estructuras sociales. Junto con lo anterior, se cuestiona la propuesta de una posible correlacion entre ambos conceptos y se propone, en su lugar, una aproximacion mas cercana a la teoria de sistemas y la teoria de la evolucion. El trabajo concluye con una propuesta para la distincion entre estructura social y semantica, en la cual se destaca la posibilidad que la sociedad describa sus estructuras posibles mediante su propia semantica. Este enfoque haria posible una comprension de la semantica en un sentido anticipativo, reconstructivo y constitutivo respecto de las estructuras sociales.","PeriodicalId":42156,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71107984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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