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Olvido social: una aproximación desde la teoría de sistemas 社会遗忘:一种来自系统理论的方法
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2018.53197
E. Esposito
The subject, currently so hot, of social memory, leads to the theme of social oblivion. The problem is that forgetting is a difficult and controversial issue. Trying to forget represents a paradox difficult to sneak away, since every effort to do so, inexorably confronts itself. However, for autological systems, colliding with themselves is a habitual phenomenon, which is why forgetting becomes a normal operation, even necessary for the functioning of social memory. The only condition for oblivion to operate, avoiding overloading the memory, is that this operation remains unnoticed. The memory does not remember the past (that would not be useful and would only serve to overload the system) but rebuild it at every op¬portunity based on a future projected in a new way. Traditionally, it has been thought that the support of social memory lies in the psychic substratum, since social memory is found in the memories that are shared by all members of society, leaving aside only the strictly intimate memories of each one. Systems theory, on the contrary, maintains that the support of social memory cannot be found outside the system which remembers, but in the structures of it. From the invention of writing onward, social memory rests on the means of transmission of communications and, in our time, increasingly on the mass media.
当前热门的社会记忆主题引出了社会遗忘的主题。问题是,遗忘是一个困难且有争议的问题。试图忘记是一种难以逃避的悖论,因为每一次这样做的努力,都会无情地面对它自己。然而,对于自系统来说,与自身的碰撞是一种习惯性现象,这就是为什么遗忘成为一种正常的操作,甚至是社会记忆功能的必要条件。为了避免内存过载,遗忘操作的唯一条件是该操作保持不被注意。记忆不会记住过去(那是没有用的,只会使系统超载),而是在每一个机会都以一种新的方式来重建它。传统上,人们一直认为社会记忆的支持在于心理基础,因为社会记忆存在于所有社会成员共享的记忆中,除了每个人严格的亲密记忆之外。相反,系统理论认为,社会记忆的支持不能在记忆系统之外找到,而是在它的结构中找到。自文字发明以来,社会记忆依赖于通信的传播手段,在我们这个时代,越来越多地依赖于大众传媒。
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引用次数: 0
Diferenciación funcional y constitucionalización social: una conversación con Gunther Teubner 功能分化社会和constitucionalización:冈瑟Teubner举行会谈
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2018.53289
R. Gascón
El presente trabajo corresponde a una entrevista realizada al sociologo aleman Gunther Teubner. En ella, los autores abordan aspectos vinculados a las consecuencias de la diferenciacion funcional, el rol de las constituciones en el ambito empresarial y las constribuciones de la sociologia constitucional al estudio del constitucionalismo contemporaneo. Gunther Teubner es profesor emerito de derecho privado y sociologia del derecho en la prestigiosa Universidad Goethe de Francfort del Meno. Continuador de la obra de Niklas Luhmann, el trabajo del profesor Teubner es ampliamente reconocido por sus contribuciones en el campo de la sociologia del derecho, particularmente a traves de su teoria del derecho autopoietico, la nocion de derecho reflexivo y su teoria del constitucionalismo social.
这篇文章是对德国社会学家冈瑟·图布纳(Gunther Teubner)的采访。本文的主要目的是分析宪法社会学对当代宪政研究的贡献,以及宪法社会学对当代宪政研究的贡献。Gunther Teubner是著名的法兰克福歌德大学私法和法律社会学名誉教授。追随者作品Niklas Luhmann, Teubner教授的工作是得到广泛认可,因其贡献sociologia领域的国际法,特别是成败autopoietico法的理论,nocion一触即发法治和宪政社会的理论。
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引用次数: 1
Hacia una educación ambiental para una sociedad compleja. Un análisis desde la teoría de sistemas sociales 面向复杂社会的环境教育。来自社会系统理论的分析
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2018.53283
C. Amigo, Julio Labraña, J. Cortés, E. Gómez, J. Moreno, María Catalina Muñoz
As a result of the multiple ecological problems affecting contemporary society, environmental education has become increasingly important in recent decades. However, despite its importance, this concern does not seem to have gone hand in hand with the consideration of environmental education within the framework of a complex enought sociological theory. As we will argue in this article, this has had im¬portant effects in the conceptualization of environmental education, which is hence generally described as a process of ethical socialization with the aim of improving society. Using the distinctions of Luh¬mann's social systems theory of social systems between a) psychic and social systems and b) different functional systems, we will propose an understanding of environmental education as an intentional effort to socialize about the relationship between society and its physical environment, which, as part of the communications of a specialized system, reflect society's form of differentiation. Once this definition is proposed, we will propose a model of environmental education for a functionally differentiated society, taking Chile as example. The article closes with a summary, future lines of research and policy recom¬mendations.
由于影响当代社会的多重生态问题,近几十年来环境教育变得越来越重要。然而,尽管它很重要,这种关注似乎并没有与在一个足够复杂的社会学理论框架内对环境教育的考虑齐头并进。正如我们将在本文中讨论的那样,这对环境教育的概念化产生了重要影响,因此,环境教育通常被描述为以改善社会为目的的伦理社会化过程。利用鲁曼关于社会系统的社会系统理论在a)心理和社会系统以及b)不同功能系统之间的区别,我们将提出一种对环境教育的理解,认为环境教育是一种有意的努力,旨在将社会与其物理环境之间的关系社会化,这是专业系统交流的一部分,反映了社会的分化形式。一旦这个定义被提出,我们将以智利为例,提出一个功能分化社会的环境教育模式。文章最后总结了未来的研究方向和政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
A educação na tradição sociológica funcionalista: uma análise comparativa entre em Durkheim, Parsons e Luhmann 功能主义社会学传统中的教育:迪尔凯姆、帕森斯和卢曼的比较分析
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2018.53287
E. Costa
Since the emergence of sociology as a discipline of scientific knowledge, education presents itself as one of the main objects of investigation of sociological thought. This article, precisely, has as main objective to construct a theoretical reflection about the education within the framework of the functionalist sociological tradition. More precisely, the article develops a comparative analysis of the ideas of three eminent sociologists - Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons and Niklas Luhmann - in order to demonstrate how each of them conceives education.
自从社会学作为一门科学知识学科出现以来,教育就成为社会学思想研究的主要对象之一。本文的主要目的是在功能主义社会学传统的框架内构建对教育的理论反思。更确切地说,本文对迪尔凯姆、帕森斯和卢曼这三位著名社会学家的思想进行了比较分析,以展示他们各自对教育的看法。
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引用次数: 0
La comunicación como acción y como vivencia: una reformulación ampliada del concepto de autosimplificación de sistemas sociales de Niklas Luhmann 作为行动和经验的沟通:Niklas Luhmann对社会系统自我简化概念的扩展重新表述
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2018.53284
S. Ocampo
Este trabajo presenta, reconstruye y reformula el concepto de autosimplificacion de sistemas sociales de la Teoria General de Sistemas Sociales de Niklas Luhmann. Para su presentacion exponemos el problema fundamental de la autodescripcion de sistemas complejos y el aporte de la Hierarchy Theory mediante el concepto pionero de autosimplificacion. Para su reconstruccion identificamos la red teorica que Luhmann elaboro entre los conceptos de autosimplificacion, accion y presentacion de si y analizamos, primero, la evolucion de estos elementos hasta llegar a Sistemas sociales, y segundo su relacion sustantiva con la comunicacion basada en su orientacion funcional al problema de la autodescripcion de sistemas sociales. Para su reformulacion presentamos dos hipotesis de trabajo. La primera es una hipotesis critica que pone en cuestion la formulacion original de Luhmann debido a falencias de estrechez, reduccionismo y restrictivo. La segunda es una hipotesis propositiva que sugiere una ampliacion teorica de la autosimplificacion en conexion con la distincion accion/ vivencia y con el esquema de diferenciacion de imputaciones.
本文提出、重构和重构了Niklas Luhmann的社会系统通论中的社会系统自我简化概念。本文提出了复杂系统自描述的基本问题,以及层次理论对自简化概念的贡献。不是供重建teorica网络Luhmann autosimplificacion概念之间从事的行动和征集如果我们分析,第一,evolucion这些元素到社会制度,第二的实质性关系沟通,基于其功能orientacion autodescripcion问题的社会制度。为了重新表述,我们提出了两个工作假设。第一个是批判性的假设,由于狭隘、还原论和限制性的缺陷,对卢曼的原始公式提出了质疑。第二种是命题假设,提出了自我简化的理论扩展,与行动/经验的区别和归因的区别方案有关。
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引用次数: 1
Hacia una reconstrucción de los conflictos de la memoria. El caso del Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos en Chile 走向记忆冲突的重建。智利记忆与人权博物馆案
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47278
Mauro Basaure
The article asserts that memory plays an intermediary role between political present and history. As political present is intrinsically a matter of dispute, memory transfers this dispute into history by politically attributing cognitive or normative significance to selected events and periods. I argue that four different and potentially controversial forms of memory emerge from this, namely, a positive and a negative cognitive form of memory, on the one hand, and a negative and a positive socio-integrative form, on the other hand. The conflictive link between these forms of memory defines what I call controversies or disputes of memory. By elaborating on different theoretical reflections about the relation between politics, history, and memory, I firstly construe an original framework to analyze disputes of memory and subsequently I apply this to the public controversy between 2007 and 2016 regarding the installation and functioning of the Chilean Museum of Memory and Human Rights. The article concludes that criticisms of political positions concerning the relation between politics and history produce different and colliding forms of cognitive or socio-integrative memory, which creates a fluctuating time trajectory for memory.
文章认为,记忆在政治现状和历史之间起着中介作用。由于政治存在本质上是一个争议问题,记忆通过将认知或规范意义政治地归因于选定的事件和时期,将这一争议转移到历史中。我认为,由此产生了四种不同的、可能有争议的记忆形式,即一方面是积极和消极的认知记忆形式,另一方面是消极和积极的社会融合记忆形式。这些记忆形式之间的矛盾联系定义了我所说的记忆的争议或争论。通过阐述关于政治、历史和记忆之间关系的不同理论思考,我首先构建了一个分析记忆争议的原始框架,随后将其应用于2007年至2016年间关于智利记忆与人权博物馆的安装和运作的公开争议。文章的结论是,对政治与历史关系的政治立场的批评产生了不同的、相互冲突的认知或社会综合记忆形式,这为记忆创造了一条波动的时间轨迹。
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引用次数: 4
Territorio como medium: Discusión sobre rendimientos analíticos para las observaciones de la complejidad socio-espacial 领土作为媒介:讨论社会空间复杂性观测的分析回报
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47279
María Antonieta Urquieta, César Maríñez, C. Jorquera
The article characterize 'territory' as a medium and discuss its analytical advantages to observe socio-spatial complexity. First, we present a conceptual outline for distinction medium/form to analyse social phenomena (I). Then we characterize territory as a medium for the construction of forms, and show the ways in which observers build expectations about what they observe when territory is thematized in communication (II). As conclusion, we discuss the relevance of territory for future researches on social inclusion and exclusion (III).
文章将“领土”描述为一种媒介,并讨论了它在观察社会空间复杂性方面的分析优势。首先,我们提出了一个区分媒介/形式的概念大纲来分析社会现象(I)。然后,我们将领土描述为构建形式的媒介,并展示了当领土在传播中被主题化时,观察者对他们所观察到的事物建立期望的方式(II)。作为结论,我们讨论了领土对未来社会包容和排斥研究的相关性(III)。
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引用次数: 4
Teorías sistémicas de la comunicación 系统传播理论
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.5354/RMAD.V0I37.47267
Dirk Baecker
Systemic theories of communication proceed from a deconstruction of Shannon's and Weaver's mathematical theory and transmission model of communication. Referring to the unresolved question of the identity of a message for different observers they instead develop a selection model of communication. In order to overcome the engineering model of signaling (rather than communication) offered by Shannon and Weaver systemic theories drop the assumption of a given set of possible messages any one message is considered to be selected from, and instead assume that the set of possible messages is to be constructed by the participants in communication as much as the single message then to be selected from that constructed set, also known as the context.
传播学的系统理论源于对香农和韦弗的数学理论和传播模型的解构。针对不同观察者的信息身份这一尚未解决的问题,他们开发了一个沟通的选择模型。为了克服Shannon和Weaver系统理论提供的信令(而不是通信)的工程模型,放弃了对给定的一组可能消息的假设,相反,假设通信中的参与者将构建一组可能的消息,就像从构建的集合(也称为上下文)中选择单个消息一样。
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引用次数: 1
La libertad en disputa. Corrientes de la negociación en la teoría social contemporánea 有争议的自由。当代社会理论中的谈判潮流
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47276
P. Grande
The term ‘negotiation’ has many uses in academic field including open dynamics and less explicit processes of adjustment. This article suggests that the notion of negotiation has been developed during the second half of the 20th century in two relatively autonomous and distinguishable disciplinary currents. Through the concept of negotiation these currents express the balance between individual freedom and social structure conditioning. Thus, negotiation has been used to show nuances of individual agency in real contexts analyses. This article examines constructs from social theory, economics and game theory to contribute to a better theoretical delimitation of the negotiation concept and its links with agency.
“谈判”一词在学术领域有许多用途,包括开放的动态和不太明确的调整过程。本文认为,谈判的概念是在20世纪下半叶在两个相对独立和可区分的学科潮流中发展起来的。通过协商的概念,这些潮流表达了个人自由与社会结构制约之间的平衡。因此,谈判已被用来显示个体行为在实际语境分析中的细微差别。本文从社会理论、经济学和博弈论的角度对谈判概念及其与代理的联系进行了理论界定。
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引用次数: 0
Aplicar una distinción. Un programa sistémico-constructivista para la investigación social cualitativa 应用区别。定性社会研究的系统建构主义方案
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.5354/0719-0527.2017.47269
Anahí Urquiza, Marco Billi, T. Leal
At least since the XVIII century, the ‘problem of induction’, that is, how to justify the abstractions derived from any empirical observation, has been at the core of a fiery debate both within the philosophy of science, and the praxis of social sciences. Refuting the allegation of ‘empirical closure’ raised against Niklas Luhmann’s Social Systems Theory, we claim that it delivers a privileged epistemological and theoretical platform to face such a dilemma, since it highlights the necessary conditions to produce an ‘abductive’ reasoning. By way of discussing, on the one hand, Luhmann’s understanding of knowledge and science, and on the other, diverse attempts to apply empirically the systemic approach and integrate it with other analytical tools, the paper offers a general model to understand the role and relationships of the principles of theoretical plausibility and empirical grounding within social science research. Based on that, the article identifies the criteria of ‘isomorphism’, ‘perspectivism’, transparency’ and ‘iterability’ as indicators of scientific acceptability of a systemic-constructivist research, and offers orientations for the design of such a research.
至少自十八世纪以来,“归纳问题”,即如何证明任何实证观察得出的抽象概念的合理性,一直是科学哲学和社会科学实践中激烈辩论的核心。反驳了针对Niklas Luhmann的社会系统理论提出的“经验封闭”的指控,我们声称它提供了一个面对这种困境的特权认识论和理论平台,因为它突出了产生“绑架”推理的必要条件。一方面,通过讨论鲁曼对知识和科学的理解,另一方面,为了从经验上应用系统方法并将其与其他分析工具相结合,本文提供了一个通用的模型来理解理论合理性原则和经验基础原则在社会科学研究中的作用和关系。在此基础上,本文确定了“同构”、“透视主义”、“透明性”和“可迭代性”等标准作为系统建构主义研究的科学可接受性指标,并为系统建构主义的研究设计提供了方向。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Revista Mad-Revista del Magister en Analisis Sistemico Aplicado a la Sociedad
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