A. Kassian, George Starostin, M. Zhivlov, Sergey A. Spirin
Relationships between universally recognized language families represent a hotly debated topic in historical linguistics, and the same is true for correlation between signals of genetic and linguistic relatedness. We developed a weighted permutation test which represents the classical permutation tests with weights introduced for individual Swadesh concepts according to their typological stability. Further, the obtained values were calibrated on a negative control group to override non-uniform distribution of phonemes within the Swadesh wordlist. We applied the calibrated permutation test to the basic vocabularies of nine languages and reconstructed proto-languages to show that three groups of circumpolar language families in the Northern Hemisphere show evidence of relationship through common descent or borrowing in the basic vocabulary: [Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Nivkh]; [Yukaghir, Samoyedic]; and [Yeniseian, Na-Dene, Burushaski]. The former two pairs showed the most significant signals of language relationship. Our findings further support some hypotheses on long-distance language relationships previously put forward based on linguistic methods but lacking universal acceptance.
{"title":"Calibrated weighted permutation test detects ancient language connections in the Circumpolar area\u0000 (Chukotian-Nivkh and Yukaghir-Samoyedic)*","authors":"A. Kassian, George Starostin, M. Zhivlov, Sergey A. Spirin","doi":"10.1075/jhl.00014.kas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.00014.kas","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Relationships between universally recognized language families represent a hotly debated topic in historical\u0000 linguistics, and the same is true for correlation between signals of genetic and linguistic relatedness. We developed a weighted\u0000 permutation test which represents the classical permutation tests with weights introduced for individual Swadesh concepts\u0000 according to their typological stability. Further, the obtained values were calibrated on a negative control group to override\u0000 non-uniform distribution of phonemes within the Swadesh wordlist. We applied the calibrated permutation test to the basic\u0000 vocabularies of nine languages and reconstructed proto-languages to show that three groups of circumpolar language families in the\u0000 Northern Hemisphere show evidence of relationship through common descent or borrowing in the basic vocabulary:\u0000 [Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Nivkh]; [Yukaghir, Samoyedic]; and [Yeniseian, Na-Dene, Burushaski]. The former two pairs showed the most\u0000 significant signals of language relationship. Our findings further support some hypotheses on long-distance language relationships\u0000 previously put forward based on linguistic methods but lacking universal acceptance.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David F. Mora-Marín, Megan Fletcher, Elizabeth Gorman
Abstract This paper deals with lexico-semantic stability, specifically in the anatomical domain. The main goal is to develop a method for measuring semantic polysemy and shift, in order to address: (1) the validity of standardized vocabulary lists (e.g., Swadesh 1950 , 1952 , 1955 ; Holman et al. 2008 ; Haspelmath & Tadmor 2009a , 2009b ) for investigating cross-linguistic stability; and (2) the difference between basic and stable vocabulary ( Ratliff 2006 ; Matisoff 2009 ), and its implications for studying remote relationships between language families, on the one hand, and subgroup differentiation within language families, on the other. To study these problems, a total of 50 etyma from the anatomical domain were selected from the Preliminary Etymological Mayan Database ( Kaufman with Justeson 2003 ), and these were then classified employing the novel metric, and further analyzed by means of statistical methods. The results point to: (1) no specific correlation with the stability rankings of the Swadesh and Leipzig-Jakarta lists; (2) support for the “basicness” of etyma from the anatomical domain; (3) several significant relationships between stability and polysemy scores and independent variables relevant to the anatomical domain; (4) evidence of lexico-semantic stability score affinities between Mayan subgroups; and (5) evidence supporting the utility of polysemies to investigate subgrouping and language contact. The paper also offers conclusions and areas for further research.
摘要:本文讨论了词汇语义稳定性，特别是在解剖学领域。主要目标是开发一种测量语义多义和语义移位的方法，以解决:(1)标准化词汇表的有效性(例如，Swadesh 1950, 1952, 1955;Holman et al. 2008;Haspelmath,Tadmor 2009a, 2009b)研究跨语言稳定性;(2)基本词汇和稳定词汇的区别(Ratliff 2006;Matisoff 2009)，以及它对研究语系之间的远程关系和语系内部的亚群分化的影响。为了研究这些问题，我们从初步的玛雅语源学数据库(Kaufman and Justeson 2003)中选取了50个解剖学域的词源学词汇，并采用新度量对其进行分类，并通过统计方法进行进一步分析。结果表明:(1)与Swadesh和Leipzig-Jakarta列表的稳定性排名没有特定的相关性;(2)从解剖学角度支持鼻窦的“基本性”;(3)稳定性和多义性得分与解剖域相关的自变量之间存在显著的关系;(4)玛雅语族间词汇语义稳定性评分亲和力的证据;(5)支持多义词在研究亚群和语言接触方面的作用的证据。本文还提出了结论和有待进一步研究的领域。
{"title":"Lexico-semantic stability in the anatomical domain in the Mayan language family","authors":"David F. Mora-Marín, Megan Fletcher, Elizabeth Gorman","doi":"10.1075/jhl.21031.mor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.21031.mor","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with lexico-semantic stability, specifically in the anatomical domain. The main goal is to develop a method for measuring semantic polysemy and shift, in order to address: (1) the validity of standardized vocabulary lists (e.g., Swadesh 1950 , 1952 , 1955 ; Holman et al. 2008 ; Haspelmath & Tadmor 2009a , 2009b ) for investigating cross-linguistic stability; and (2) the difference between basic and stable vocabulary ( Ratliff 2006 ; Matisoff 2009 ), and its implications for studying remote relationships between language families, on the one hand, and subgroup differentiation within language families, on the other. To study these problems, a total of 50 etyma from the anatomical domain were selected from the Preliminary Etymological Mayan Database ( Kaufman with Justeson 2003 ), and these were then classified employing the novel metric, and further analyzed by means of statistical methods. The results point to: (1) no specific correlation with the stability rankings of the Swadesh and Leipzig-Jakarta lists; (2) support for the “basicness” of etyma from the anatomical domain; (3) several significant relationships between stability and polysemy scores and independent variables relevant to the anatomical domain; (4) evidence of lexico-semantic stability score affinities between Mayan subgroups; and (5) evidence supporting the utility of polysemies to investigate subgrouping and language contact. The paper also offers conclusions and areas for further research.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":"36 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preview this online first article: Review of Reshef (2020): Historical Continuity in the Emergence of Modern Hebrew, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1075/jhl.22019.gon/jhl.22019.gon-1.gif
{"title":"Review of Reshef (2020): Historical Continuity in the Emergence of Modern Hebrew","authors":"Einat Gonen","doi":"10.1075/jhl.22019.gon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.22019.gon","url":null,"abstract":"Preview this online first article: Review of Reshef (2020): Historical Continuity in the Emergence of Modern Hebrew, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1075/jhl.22019.gon/jhl.22019.gon-1.gif","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":"63 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Tahmasebi, Borin, Jatowt, Xu & Hengchen (2021): Computational Approaches to Semantic Change","authors":"Christin Beck","doi":"10.1075/jhl.22063.bec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.22063.bec","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between social and phonetic motivations for language change in Fang (Bantoid). While previous research has proposed that innovations in Fang arose due to social need and lack phonetic motivation ( Mve et al. 2019 ; Good, Di Carlo & Tschonghongei 2020 ), I propose that there is a phonetic motivation and the social situation, at best, was a pathway for the innovation to gain wider adoption in the population. I provide comparative and language-internal evidence that the Fang innovations are driven by two interconnected processes, palatalization and spirantization, triggered by high vowels. These processes have been obscured synchronically in part due to the phonemic merger of *i > ə in some parts of the paradigm, thus making the alternations look phonetically unmotivated.
{"title":"Balancing social determinism vs. sound change","authors":"Roslyn Burns","doi":"10.1075/jhl.22012.bur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.22012.bur","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between social and phonetic motivations for language change in Fang (Bantoid). While previous research has proposed that innovations in Fang arose due to social need and lack phonetic motivation ( Mve et al. 2019 ; Good, Di Carlo & Tschonghongei 2020 ), I propose that there is a phonetic motivation and the social situation, at best, was a pathway for the innovation to gain wider adoption in the population. I provide comparative and language-internal evidence that the Fang innovations are driven by two interconnected processes, palatalization and spirantization, triggered by high vowels. These processes have been obscured synchronically in part due to the phonemic merger of *i > ə in some parts of the paradigm, thus making the alternations look phonetically unmotivated.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanderwords are a very common phenomenon among the languages of the world, but they are rarely discussed in detail. Their paths of spreading are often considered hardly reconstructible and their origins beyond reach, and being non-inherited, they are often ignored by the linguists working on the history of the languages involved. The present article questions both these tendencies, as it aims at exploring, as far as possible, the origins and interconnections of a series of related words referring to “apples”, “plums”, and other fruits attested in various languages and language families of the Near East. The article has two goals. First, to try to reconstruct the borrowing chains and general spread of these terms, thus going as close as possible to their putative origin. Second, to provide a test case and an illustration of a general methodological framework that can be used to study the history of such wanderwords.
{"title":"On the traces of “apples”, “plums”, and “pears”","authors":"Marwan Kilani","doi":"10.1075/jhl.22008.kil","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.22008.kil","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wanderwords are a very common phenomenon among the languages of the world, but they are rarely discussed in\u0000 detail. Their paths of spreading are often considered hardly reconstructible and their origins beyond reach, and being\u0000 non-inherited, they are often ignored by the linguists working on the history of the languages involved. The present article\u0000 questions both these tendencies, as it aims at exploring, as far as possible, the origins and interconnections of a series of\u0000 related words referring to “apples”, “plums”, and other fruits attested in various languages and language families of the Near\u0000 East. The article has two goals. First, to try to reconstruct the borrowing chains and general spread of these terms, thus going\u0000 as close as possible to their putative origin. Second, to provide a test case and an illustration of a general methodological\u0000 framework that can be used to study the history of such wanderwords.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45684615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article gathers a motivated inventory of Old English self-manipulative verbs, including Abstain verbs and Refrain verbs, analyses their semantics and syntax and offers diachronic perspectives on the replacement of that-clause complementation with the from + -ing construction. Such perspectives go in two directions. Firstly, the semantics of the that-clause remains intact throughout the change to the from + -ing construction. Secondly, deverbal nominalisations contribute to the semantics and syntax required by the gerund. The main conclusion is that Refrain verbs are exceptional because the competition leading to the Complement Shift does not hold between finite and non-finite clauses, but between finite clauses and deverbal nominalisations. This has two important consequences: the status of derived nominal linked predications must be acknowledged, and deverbal nominalisations must occupy the top of the syntactic ranking of clause linkage.
{"title":"Old English perspectives on the complement shift","authors":"Ana Elvira Ojanguren López","doi":"10.1075/jhl.22009.oja","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.22009.oja","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article gathers a motivated inventory of Old English self-manipulative verbs, including Abstain verbs and Refrain verbs, analyses their semantics and syntax and offers diachronic perspectives on the replacement of that-clause complementation with the from + -ing construction. Such perspectives go in two directions. Firstly, the semantics of the that-clause remains intact throughout the change to the from + -ing construction. Secondly, deverbal nominalisations contribute to the semantics and syntax required by the gerund. The main conclusion is that Refrain verbs are exceptional because the competition leading to the Complement Shift does not hold between finite and non-finite clauses, but between finite clauses and deverbal nominalisations. This has two important consequences: the status of derived nominal linked predications must be acknowledged, and deverbal nominalisations must occupy the top of the syntactic ranking of clause linkage.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radek Čech, Pavel Kosek, Olga Navrátilová, Ján Mačutek
The paper studies the development of several properties of the reflexive enclitic sě/se dependent on a finite verb in the Czech language. We focus on the word order position of the reflexive and on the influence which the length of the initial phrase has on the position. We also investigate the shift of the reflexive from an enclitic into a prosodically indifferent clitic. Nine Czech translations of the Gospel of Matthew from the 14th to the 21st century are used as language material.
{"title":"Development of the word order of the reflexive enclitic sě/se dependent on a finite verb in Czech\u0000 translations of the Gospel of Matthew from the 14th to the 21st century","authors":"Radek Čech, Pavel Kosek, Olga Navrátilová, Ján Mačutek","doi":"10.1075/jhl.21029.cec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.21029.cec","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper studies the development of several properties of the reflexive enclitic\u0000 sě/se dependent on a finite verb in the Czech language. We focus on the word order position\u0000 of the reflexive and on the influence which the length of the initial phrase has on the position. We also investigate the shift of\u0000 the reflexive from an enclitic into a prosodically indifferent clitic. Nine Czech translations of the Gospel of Matthew from the\u0000 14th to the 21st century are used as language material.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58725271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on a corpus of private correspondence written by twelve influential political and cultural figures in eighteenth-century Spain, this article discusses several hypotheses about the role of individual variation in language change. The study analyses five variables undergoing change in early modern Spanish and examines the idiolectal use of the traditional variants. Several conclusions are drawn from the results. The first is that idiolectal patterns vary considerably from one variable to another. Those variants that were clearly in the majority at the time or have undergone slower change processes are more consistent with in-between profiles. On the other hand, those variants that are more clearly declining or undergoing abrupt changes are represented by more refractory patterns. Still, these profiles are not uniform, so a specific type of variation in one variant does not exclude others. The results concerning the most decisive period in the configuration of the idiolectal distributions are less conclusive, mainly due to the imbalances in the representativeness of the samples. However, among the variables better represented in the corpus, the end of adolescence – set at 18 in this study – seems to be the most significant, in line with some well-known hypotheses in the literature. Nevertheless, we have also detected a few cases of changes in adulthood. Finally, the data support the dominance of stability in syntactic variation, suggesting that speakers change little once their idiolectal distributions have been established. Even so, some longitudinal changes are found, albeit in a recurrent direction: the replacement of traditional forms by alternative, more prestigious variants.
{"title":"Individual variation and frequency change in Early Modern Spanish","authors":"José Luis Blas Arroyo","doi":"10.1075/jhl.22059.bla","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.22059.bla","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Based on a corpus of private correspondence written by twelve influential political and cultural figures in\u0000 eighteenth-century Spain, this article discusses several hypotheses about the role of individual variation in language change. The\u0000 study analyses five variables undergoing change in early modern Spanish and examines the idiolectal use of the traditional\u0000 variants. Several conclusions are drawn from the results. The first is that idiolectal patterns vary considerably from one\u0000 variable to another. Those variants that were clearly in the majority at the time or have undergone slower change processes are\u0000 more consistent with in-between profiles.\u0000 On the other hand, those variants that are more clearly declining or undergoing abrupt changes are represented by\u0000 more refractory patterns. Still, these profiles are not uniform, so a specific type of variation in one variant does not exclude\u0000 others. The results concerning the most decisive period in the configuration of the idiolectal distributions are less conclusive,\u0000 mainly due to the imbalances in the representativeness of the samples. However, among the variables better represented in the\u0000 corpus, the end of adolescence – set at 18 in this study – seems to be the most significant, in line with some well-known\u0000 hypotheses in the literature. Nevertheless, we have also detected a few cases of changes in adulthood. Finally, the data support\u0000 the dominance of stability in syntactic variation, suggesting that speakers change little once their idiolectal distributions have\u0000 been established. Even so, some longitudinal changes are found, albeit in a recurrent direction: the replacement of traditional\u0000 forms by alternative, more prestigious variants.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":"1347 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Besides highly grammaticalized analytic verb forms that constitute the system’s main tense, aspect, and mood forms, Basque has a handful of less grammaticalized periphrases for secondary aspectual and modal meanings. In both older and more recent texts, some of these periphrases have been reanalyzed as monoclausal and readjusted in accordance with the auxiliated verb’s argument structure. This readjustment or actualization process involves changes in two respects: case-marking and indexation through auxiliary change. The reanalysis and actualization of theses periphrases seem to be driven by analogy with highly extended and frequent analytic verb forms. With regard to their actualization, it seems to depend on three factors: word order, valency of the auxiliated verb, and plural patient agreement.
{"title":"Alignment variations in the diachrony of Basque","authors":"Céline Mounole","doi":"10.1075/jhl.21037.mou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.21037.mou","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Besides highly grammaticalized analytic verb forms that constitute the system’s main tense, aspect, and mood\u0000 forms, Basque has a handful of less grammaticalized periphrases for secondary aspectual and modal meanings. In both older and more\u0000 recent texts, some of these periphrases have been reanalyzed as monoclausal and readjusted in accordance with the auxiliated\u0000 verb’s argument structure. This readjustment or actualization process involves changes in two respects: case-marking and\u0000 indexation through auxiliary change. The reanalysis and actualization of theses periphrases seem to be driven by analogy with\u0000 highly extended and frequent analytic verb forms. With regard to their actualization, it seems to depend on three factors: word\u0000 order, valency of the auxiliated verb, and plural patient agreement.","PeriodicalId":42165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46644708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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