Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965389
Yue Zhang, M. Beaudin, H. Zareipour, D. Wood
Solar Photovoltaic power production has grown significantly over the past few years. California ISO is the first system operator in North America to make the data for aggregated system-level solar power production across its territory available on a regular basis. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of three well-established forecasting models to 24-hour-ahead prediction of solar power at the system level. The models investigated in this paper include Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). Numerical results and discussions are provided based on California ISO solar power data.
{"title":"Forecasting Solar Photovoltaic power production at the aggregated system level","authors":"Yue Zhang, M. Beaudin, H. Zareipour, D. Wood","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965389","url":null,"abstract":"Solar Photovoltaic power production has grown significantly over the past few years. California ISO is the first system operator in North America to make the data for aggregated system-level solar power production across its territory available on a regular basis. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of three well-established forecasting models to 24-hour-ahead prediction of solar power at the system level. The models investigated in this paper include Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). Numerical results and discussions are provided based on California ISO solar power data.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128434444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965412
J. Valdez, Xun Zhang, Jackeline Abad Torres, Sandip Roy
This paper explores real-time fault location in a power transmission network using measurements of transients from sparsely-placed synchrophasors. The fault-location problem is abstracted to a statistical hypothesis-testing or detection problem, wherein the linearized dynamical models corresponding to different fault conditions must be distinguished in the face of fault-clearing and measurement uncertainty. A maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detector is constructed. A strategy for real-time implementation of the fault-locator is discussed, which is based on pre-computation of detector parameters using state-estimator and contingency-analysis data, along with on-line collection of synchrophrasor data and implementation of the hypothesis test. Numerical case studies of the 11-Bus two area power system verify that the proposed fault-location algorithm can locate a faulted line accurately and quickly.
{"title":"Fast fault location in power transmission networks using transient signatures from sparsely-placed synchrophasors","authors":"J. Valdez, Xun Zhang, Jackeline Abad Torres, Sandip Roy","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965412","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores real-time fault location in a power transmission network using measurements of transients from sparsely-placed synchrophasors. The fault-location problem is abstracted to a statistical hypothesis-testing or detection problem, wherein the linearized dynamical models corresponding to different fault conditions must be distinguished in the face of fault-clearing and measurement uncertainty. A maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detector is constructed. A strategy for real-time implementation of the fault-locator is discussed, which is based on pre-computation of detector parameters using state-estimator and contingency-analysis data, along with on-line collection of synchrophrasor data and implementation of the hypothesis test. Numerical case studies of the 11-Bus two area power system verify that the proposed fault-location algorithm can locate a faulted line accurately and quickly.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122596906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965479
Yin Yao, Wenzhong Gao
In this paper, a stochastic model of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is developed in Matlab to investigate its impact on distribution transformer. Two types of PHEVs are included in this model, sedan and SUV. These two types of PHEV share the same charging schedule, but possess different charging characteristics. Charging power, Full-charge time for example. If dumb charging method (V0G) is applied, that will surely result in a load peak in the evening. From the simulation results, it is proven that this scale of load peak will lead to the increase of loss of life (LOL) of distribution transformer. To mitigate the load peak, particle swarm optimization method is performed to reschedule the charging pattern of each PHEV. Eventually, the LOL of distribution transformer is minimized with smoother charging load curve after optimization.
{"title":"Relieving the pressure of electric vehicle battery charging on distribution transformer via particle swarm optimization method","authors":"Yin Yao, Wenzhong Gao","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965479","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a stochastic model of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is developed in Matlab to investigate its impact on distribution transformer. Two types of PHEVs are included in this model, sedan and SUV. These two types of PHEV share the same charging schedule, but possess different charging characteristics. Charging power, Full-charge time for example. If dumb charging method (V0G) is applied, that will surely result in a load peak in the evening. From the simulation results, it is proven that this scale of load peak will lead to the increase of loss of life (LOL) of distribution transformer. To mitigate the load peak, particle swarm optimization method is performed to reschedule the charging pattern of each PHEV. Eventually, the LOL of distribution transformer is minimized with smoother charging load curve after optimization.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122710819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965368
Meng Yen Shih, Arturo Conde Enríquez
As Smart Grid concept is employed in the electric power system, network load flow and topologyis changingintensively to meet the best generation-demand balancing point. These changes must be accounted for the protection devices in order to enhance their performance. The coordination of directional overcurrent relays is most commonly studied based on fixed network operation and topology within a mesh power system. But the sub-transmission and distribution systems constantly operate differently in order to satisfy the variety of load demand levels throughout the day and year. Hence, if the setting of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) change according to the different operations of the system, then relay operation time and sensitivity can both be enhanced. This can potentially improve the protection performance in Smart Grid system. Therefore, the study is carried out based on the comparison among three coordination approaches: conventional (fixed settings), discrete (changing setting groups), and continuous or real time (dynamic settings).
{"title":"Alternative coordination approaches for implementation in Smart Grid","authors":"Meng Yen Shih, Arturo Conde Enríquez","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965368","url":null,"abstract":"As Smart Grid concept is employed in the electric power system, network load flow and topologyis changingintensively to meet the best generation-demand balancing point. These changes must be accounted for the protection devices in order to enhance their performance. The coordination of directional overcurrent relays is most commonly studied based on fixed network operation and topology within a mesh power system. But the sub-transmission and distribution systems constantly operate differently in order to satisfy the variety of load demand levels throughout the day and year. Hence, if the setting of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) change according to the different operations of the system, then relay operation time and sensitivity can both be enhanced. This can potentially improve the protection performance in Smart Grid system. Therefore, the study is carried out based on the comparison among three coordination approaches: conventional (fixed settings), discrete (changing setting groups), and continuous or real time (dynamic settings).","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123161831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965362
M. Cervantes, A. Ramirez
This paper presents a frequency-domain (FD) approach for calculating the maximum overvoltage along an underground cable (UC) due to lightning. It is considered that the UC is protected by surge arresters at both ends. In the proposed method, the UC is spatially subdivided and direct FD algebraic relations are used to calculate the voltage at each subdivision. Surge arresters are piece-wised represented in the FD and resolved based on the superposition principle. Flashovers are assessed and resolved also in the FD using the superposition principle. The proposed FD approach can be utilized to validate time domain (TD) methods based on the traveling wave concept or on constant-parameter line representation. The proposed method is applied to a 300 kV system with different cable lengths and compared with the results given by the PSCAD software.
{"title":"Frequency-domain computation of maximum lightning overvoltage along a cable protected by surge arresters","authors":"M. Cervantes, A. Ramirez","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965362","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a frequency-domain (FD) approach for calculating the maximum overvoltage along an underground cable (UC) due to lightning. It is considered that the UC is protected by surge arresters at both ends. In the proposed method, the UC is spatially subdivided and direct FD algebraic relations are used to calculate the voltage at each subdivision. Surge arresters are piece-wised represented in the FD and resolved based on the superposition principle. Flashovers are assessed and resolved also in the FD using the superposition principle. The proposed FD approach can be utilized to validate time domain (TD) methods based on the traveling wave concept or on constant-parameter line representation. The proposed method is applied to a 300 kV system with different cable lengths and compared with the results given by the PSCAD software.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124097575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965397
F. R. Alonso, D. Q. Oliveira, A. D. De Souza, B. Lopes
Power losses minimization is a goal for electricity utilities and distribution system reconfiguration is one of the available tools to accomplish it. Reconfiguring the network means altering its topology by changing the status of normally opened and normally closed switches. Besides power losses minimization, network reconfiguration also helps on load balance and service restoration. This paper proposes the use of artificial immune systems to optimize the distribution system reconfiguration by minimizing the switching operations and active power losses, considering as constraints the radial characteristics of the distribution networks and feeders' ampacity. The proposed algorithm is tested on a sample system, 14-Bus Test System, and on a Paraguayan real feeder.
{"title":"Distribution system reconfiguration using artificial immune systems","authors":"F. R. Alonso, D. Q. Oliveira, A. D. De Souza, B. Lopes","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965397","url":null,"abstract":"Power losses minimization is a goal for electricity utilities and distribution system reconfiguration is one of the available tools to accomplish it. Reconfiguring the network means altering its topology by changing the status of normally opened and normally closed switches. Besides power losses minimization, network reconfiguration also helps on load balance and service restoration. This paper proposes the use of artificial immune systems to optimize the distribution system reconfiguration by minimizing the switching operations and active power losses, considering as constraints the radial characteristics of the distribution networks and feeders' ampacity. The proposed algorithm is tested on a sample system, 14-Bus Test System, and on a Paraguayan real feeder.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131759210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965361
Po-Chen Chen, V. Malbasa, T. Dokic, M. Kezunovic, Yimai Dong
Single-phase-to-ground sub-cycle faults in the distribution network can be located using voltage sag fault location. This paper illustrates how a sensitivity study of measurement imperfections can be used to quantify the impact of sub-cycle faults on voltage sag based fault location. Our results suggest that there is a complex relationship between factors influencing error in fault location because the design of the study covered a wide range of conditions. The more complicated, higher order interactions have a stronger influence on error than any particular input factor alone.
{"title":"Sensitivity of voltage sag based fault location in distribution network to sub-cycle faults","authors":"Po-Chen Chen, V. Malbasa, T. Dokic, M. Kezunovic, Yimai Dong","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965361","url":null,"abstract":"Single-phase-to-ground sub-cycle faults in the distribution network can be located using voltage sag fault location. This paper illustrates how a sensitivity study of measurement imperfections can be used to quantify the impact of sub-cycle faults on voltage sag based fault location. Our results suggest that there is a complex relationship between factors influencing error in fault location because the design of the study covered a wide range of conditions. The more complicated, higher order interactions have a stronger influence on error than any particular input factor alone.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133271698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965470
Ahmed F. Ebrahim, T. Youssef, S. Ahmed, S. Elmasry, O. Mohammed
The main purpose of this paper is to propose a fault detection and fault tolerant control mechanism to maintain the continuous operation of the grid tied inverter, which is commonly used to interface renewable energy and distributed generation to the grid. The fault tolerance is provided using modified topology of the DC-AC power converter with redundant standby branch. The proposed system insures the continuous operation without isolating the energy source from the grid during faults on inverter switch. The fault may be open circuit fault or short circuit fault.
{"title":"Fault detection and compensation for a PV system grid tie inverter","authors":"Ahmed F. Ebrahim, T. Youssef, S. Ahmed, S. Elmasry, O. Mohammed","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965470","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to propose a fault detection and fault tolerant control mechanism to maintain the continuous operation of the grid tied inverter, which is commonly used to interface renewable energy and distributed generation to the grid. The fault tolerance is provided using modified topology of the DC-AC power converter with redundant standby branch. The proposed system insures the continuous operation without isolating the energy source from the grid during faults on inverter switch. The fault may be open circuit fault or short circuit fault.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129001412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965373
Jiang Li, Peng Zhang, Yiwei Wang, Chao Wei
The loosely coupled transformer (also called separable transformer) is the key component of inductive coupled power transfer (ICPT) system. Its coupling coefficient is very low which limits transmission efficiency of ICPT system. This paper describes the principle of ICPT system, and utilizes ANSYS software to simulate magnetic field of loosely coupled transformer. Three-dimensional simulation can show the core structure more clearly, and makes the results of analysis more accurate. Through quantitative analyzing the distributions of magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux density of loosely coupled transformer and the secondary-side load electromotive force, the paper draws a conclusion that the key technical parameters, such as operating frequency, air gap, core thickness and magnetic core position shift etc have significant impact on the coupling coefficient of the loosely coupled transformer. Furthermore, the transmission efficiency is improved during the resonance after adding capacitors to primary side in the circuit. The simulation analysis of the relationship between the key parameters and the coupling coefficient will be very helpful for the development of loosely coupled transformer and subsequent experiments.
{"title":"The three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation analysis of power transmission of loosely coupled transformer based on ANSYS","authors":"Jiang Li, Peng Zhang, Yiwei Wang, Chao Wei","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965373","url":null,"abstract":"The loosely coupled transformer (also called separable transformer) is the key component of inductive coupled power transfer (ICPT) system. Its coupling coefficient is very low which limits transmission efficiency of ICPT system. This paper describes the principle of ICPT system, and utilizes ANSYS software to simulate magnetic field of loosely coupled transformer. Three-dimensional simulation can show the core structure more clearly, and makes the results of analysis more accurate. Through quantitative analyzing the distributions of magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux density of loosely coupled transformer and the secondary-side load electromotive force, the paper draws a conclusion that the key technical parameters, such as operating frequency, air gap, core thickness and magnetic core position shift etc have significant impact on the coupling coefficient of the loosely coupled transformer. Furthermore, the transmission efficiency is improved during the resonance after adding capacitors to primary side in the circuit. The simulation analysis of the relationship between the key parameters and the coupling coefficient will be very helpful for the development of loosely coupled transformer and subsequent experiments.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123354233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965371
J. Momoh, Fenghe Zhang, Wenzhong Gao
Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an intelligent control method in smart grid. In this paper, a model is built for energy usage control in one room with renewable energy. First, the energy for temperature control in the room can be predicted with lowest amount using MPC. Then simple load models for lights humidity, air condition and basic living appliances are added in the room in order to make a full load model for the room. At last, after adding the solar or wind devices in the system, the sizes for solar PV panel and wind turbine are chosen for the room. In this paper, Matlab is used to build the model with the weather data which is from the forecast. The simulation results show the indoor temperature using MPC and the optimal amount of power used in the system.
{"title":"Optimizing renewable energy control for building using model predictive control","authors":"J. Momoh, Fenghe Zhang, Wenzhong Gao","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965371","url":null,"abstract":"Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an intelligent control method in smart grid. In this paper, a model is built for energy usage control in one room with renewable energy. First, the energy for temperature control in the room can be predicted with lowest amount using MPC. Then simple load models for lights humidity, air condition and basic living appliances are added in the room in order to make a full load model for the room. At last, after adding the solar or wind devices in the system, the sizes for solar PV panel and wind turbine are chosen for the room. In this paper, Matlab is used to build the model with the weather data which is from the forecast. The simulation results show the indoor temperature using MPC and the optimal amount of power used in the system.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123675942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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