Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.004
Min Feng , Jinhao Xu , Xuefei Zhang , Dezhao Yan , Xin Li , Andreas Kääb , Fahu Chen , Guodong Cheng
Rock glaciers, periglacial landforms with tongue- or lobe-shaped streams of slowly deforming frozen debris, play an important role in periglacial mountainous regions. The understanding of rock glaciers and their geoecological role at regional scales has been considerably hampered due to survey difficulties. We employ an automated approach for identifying rock glaciers and compile for the first time a complete rock glacier survey over the entire Tibetan Plateau. We find over 130,000 individual rock glaciers, much more than expected from previous inventories over any areas on Earth, also suggesting that the global number of rock glaciers is significantly underestimated today. We reveal an underestimated source of water storage to the Asian Water Tower and an enormous material flux due to rock glacier creep, which warrants consideration for its potential impact on downstreams. This result is also important for improving the modeling of mountain permafrost for a better anticipation of climate change impacts.
{"title":"Underestimated number and significance of rock glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Min Feng , Jinhao Xu , Xuefei Zhang , Dezhao Yan , Xin Li , Andreas Kääb , Fahu Chen , Guodong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock glaciers, periglacial landforms with tongue- or lobe-shaped streams of slowly deforming frozen debris, play an important role in periglacial mountainous regions. The understanding of rock glaciers and their geoecological role at regional scales has been considerably hampered due to survey difficulties. We employ an automated approach for identifying rock glaciers and compile for the first time a complete rock glacier survey over the entire Tibetan Plateau. We find over 130,000 individual rock glaciers, much more than expected from previous inventories over any areas on Earth, also suggesting that the global number of rock glaciers is significantly underestimated today. We reveal an underestimated source of water storage to the Asian Water Tower and an enormous material flux due to rock glacier creep, which warrants consideration for its potential impact on downstreams. This result is also important for improving the modeling of mountain permafrost for a better anticipation of climate change impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 2","pages":"Pages 434-443"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.08.009
Xuemei Li , Yani Gu , Teng Teng , Tingting Lei , Yuqian He , Siyuan Wang , Xinyu Zhou , Catherine CL Wong
{"title":"Unique plasma proteome signatures differentiate adolescent major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","authors":"Xuemei Li , Yani Gu , Teng Teng , Tingting Lei , Yuqian He , Siyuan Wang , Xinyu Zhou , Catherine CL Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 2","pages":"Pages 278-282"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.002
Yuchen Zhang , Qiao Ma , Hao Zhang , Zhongshan Chen , Xiangxue Wang , Zhimin Lin , Fangyuan Xu , Huixin Shao , Feifan Zhang , Dong Fu , Xishi Tai , Hui Yang , Xiangke Wang
Reducing photogenerated charge recombination is critical for improving photocatalytic performance. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising semiconductor photocatalysts, but their photocatalytic performance is still subjected to inefficient charge transfer and high electron-hole recombination, which is induced by the inherent strong Coulomb binding. Therefore, exploring strategies to suppress electron-hole recombination is crucial for improving photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, three COFs with different charge transfer behaviors were constructed by doping anionic I− and I3−/I5− onto the imine bonds of aniline-based COFs (BCTA-DHPA). Notably, the I− doped COF (COF3) showed a high photocatalytic uranium extraction efficiency of 8.33 mg/(g day) in natural seawater. Doping anionic I− and I3−/I5− triggers the generation of charge transfer excited states and polarons, which significantly inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons. This study offers an effective method to reduce electron-hole recombination and enhance photocatalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. It is expected to deepen understanding of photocatalytic processes and mechanisms.
{"title":"Iodine doping covalent organic frameworks to reduce electron-hole recombination for promoting photocatalytic performance","authors":"Yuchen Zhang , Qiao Ma , Hao Zhang , Zhongshan Chen , Xiangxue Wang , Zhimin Lin , Fangyuan Xu , Huixin Shao , Feifan Zhang , Dong Fu , Xishi Tai , Hui Yang , Xiangke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing photogenerated charge recombination is critical for improving photocatalytic performance. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising semiconductor photocatalysts, but their photocatalytic performance is still subjected to inefficient charge transfer and high electron-hole recombination, which is induced by the inherent strong Coulomb binding. Therefore, exploring strategies to suppress electron-hole recombination is crucial for improving photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, three COFs with different charge transfer behaviors were constructed by doping anionic I<sup>−</sup> and I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/I<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup> onto the imine bonds of aniline-based COFs (BCTA-DHPA). Notably, the I<sup>−</sup> doped COF (COF3) showed a high photocatalytic uranium extraction efficiency of 8.33 mg/(g day) in natural seawater. Doping anionic I<sup>−</sup> and I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/I<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup> triggers the generation of charge transfer excited states and polarons, which significantly inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons. This study offers an effective method to reduce electron-hole recombination and enhance photocatalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. It is expected to deepen understanding of photocatalytic processes and mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 2","pages":"Pages 388-398"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.009
Jiangfeng Lu , Yiming Xu , Yongjun Chen , Xiaoqing Yu , Guane Wang , Hiroshi Kitagawa , Gang Xu
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to their tunable pore environments and abundant hydrogen-bonding sites that enable the formation of continuous transport pathways, are widely regarded as promising candidates for proton-conducting material. Despite extensive research, most efforts have been devoted to bulk forms, such as powders and single crystals, which are hindered by long diffusion pathways, random orientation, and limited processability, thereby restricting their intergration into device. Recent progress in fabricating high-quality MOF membranes has addressed these challenges, while preserving high proton conductivity. Although notable progress has been achieved, a systematic review of proton-conducting MOF membranes remains absent. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of proton-conducting MOF membranes, encompassing design strategies, conduction mechanisms, systematic classification, representative fabrication approaches, and their application. Particular emphasis is given to their broader application landscape, extending beyond proton exchange membrane fuel cells to include light-controlled protonic devices, proton sensors, protonic field-effect transistors, and proton rectifiers. By consolidating advances and outlining remaining challenges, this review aims to clarify design principles and guide future research toward integrating MOF membranes into next-generation protonic technologies.
{"title":"Recent advances and perspectives in proton-conducting metal–organic framework membranes","authors":"Jiangfeng Lu , Yiming Xu , Yongjun Chen , Xiaoqing Yu , Guane Wang , Hiroshi Kitagawa , Gang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to their tunable pore environments and abundant hydrogen-bonding sites that enable the formation of continuous transport pathways, are widely regarded as promising candidates for proton-conducting material. Despite extensive research, most efforts have been devoted to bulk forms, such as powders and single crystals, which are hindered by long diffusion pathways, random orientation, and limited processability, thereby restricting their intergration into device. Recent progress in fabricating high-quality MOF membranes has addressed these challenges, while preserving high proton conductivity. Although notable progress has been achieved, a systematic review of proton-conducting MOF membranes remains absent. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of proton-conducting MOF membranes, encompassing design strategies, conduction mechanisms, systematic classification, representative fabrication approaches, and their application. Particular emphasis is given to their broader application landscape, extending beyond proton exchange membrane fuel cells to include light-controlled protonic devices, proton sensors, protonic field-effect transistors, and proton rectifiers. By consolidating advances and outlining remaining challenges, this review aims to clarify design principles and guide future research toward integrating MOF membranes into next-generation protonic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 2","pages":"Pages 444-457"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photoenolization/Diels-Alder (PEDA) reaction has emerged as a promising strategy for constructing benzannulated carbocyclic frameworks in modern synthetic chemistry. However, the high reactivity of photoinduced intermediates typically necessitates a substoichiometric amount of chiral catalyst for sufficient enantiocontrol, thereby limiting the development of catalytic asymmetric PEDA reaction. Herein, we report a chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric PEDA reaction under mild conditions, which achieves highly enantioselective [4+2] cycloaddition of aryl ketones with vinylazaarenes by stabilizing transient photoenol intermediates. This strategy enables straightforward access to azaarene-containing chiral carbocyclic adducts and attractive enantioenriched spiro lactones in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97% yield, >19:1 dr, >99% ee). Notably, control experiments and mechanism studies indicate that unique multifunctional activation of chiral Brønsted acids is crucial for achieving high reactivity and enantiocontrol.
{"title":"Enantioselective photoenolization/Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by chiral Brønsted acid.","authors":"Bin-Xian Chen, Xiang-Kui He, Bao-Ru Yuan, Liang-Qiu Lu, Ying Cheng, Wen-Jing Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.01.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.01.059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoenolization/Diels-Alder (PEDA) reaction has emerged as a promising strategy for constructing benzannulated carbocyclic frameworks in modern synthetic chemistry. However, the high reactivity of photoinduced intermediates typically necessitates a substoichiometric amount of chiral catalyst for sufficient enantiocontrol, thereby limiting the development of catalytic asymmetric PEDA reaction. Herein, we report a chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric PEDA reaction under mild conditions, which achieves highly enantioselective [4+2] cycloaddition of aryl ketones with vinylazaarenes by stabilizing transient photoenol intermediates. This strategy enables straightforward access to azaarene-containing chiral carbocyclic adducts and attractive enantioenriched spiro lactones in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97% yield, >19:1 dr, >99% ee). Notably, control experiments and mechanism studies indicate that unique multifunctional activation of chiral Brønsted acids is crucial for achieving high reactivity and enantiocontrol.</p>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetation carbon turnover time (τveg) dominates the uncertainty in terrestrial carbon cycle dynamics. Reports have shown that the τveg of mature or old-growth forests in North America and Europe has decreased because of faster carbon loss under global climate change. However, the temporal trend of τveg in widespread younger forests, which exhibit different growth patterns, remains inconclusive. Here, we consistently revealed a significant overall increase in τveg (0.025 ± 0.002 years per year) across China's forests that are characterized by a relatively young forest age structure, using multisource data-model assimilation and long-term network observations. In young forests that receive high nitrogen deposition, increasing levels of CO2 accelerate vegetation growth, causing it to grow faster than it dies or decomposes, leading to increases in the τveg. The effects of forest age on τveg dynamics and the high sensitivity of enhanced carbon sinks to τveg should be incorporated into future land surface models to ensure that the τveg dynamics and their impacts on terrestrial carbon cycling and climate mitigation are accurately assessed. Our results also provide valuable insights for forest management aimed at enhancing carbon retention and sequestration through optimizing age-related stand dynamics.
{"title":"Lengthening vegetation carbon turnover time across China's forests.","authors":"Rong Ge, Xiaoli Ren, Honglin He, Guirui Yu, Li Zhang, Qian Xu, Mengyu Zhang, Shilong Piao, Kailiang Yu, Mathew Williams, Xiaobo Zhu, Shiyong Yu, Yuanhe Yang, Tao Zhou, Jin-Sheng He, Dexiang Chen, Luxiang Lin, Qing Ye, Juxiu Liu, Zexin Fan, Qingkui Wang, Wenhua Xiang, Zongqiang Xie, Fusun Shi, Qibing Zhang, Yangang Wang, Anzhi Wang, Qiuliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.01.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.01.050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vegetation carbon turnover time (τ<sub>veg</sub>) dominates the uncertainty in terrestrial carbon cycle dynamics. Reports have shown that the τ<sub>veg</sub> of mature or old-growth forests in North America and Europe has decreased because of faster carbon loss under global climate change. However, the temporal trend of τ<sub>veg</sub> in widespread younger forests, which exhibit different growth patterns, remains inconclusive. Here, we consistently revealed a significant overall increase in τ<sub>veg</sub> (0.025 ± 0.002 years per year) across China's forests that are characterized by a relatively young forest age structure, using multisource data-model assimilation and long-term network observations. In young forests that receive high nitrogen deposition, increasing levels of CO<sub>2</sub> accelerate vegetation growth, causing it to grow faster than it dies or decomposes, leading to increases in the τ<sub>veg</sub>. The effects of forest age on τ<sub>veg</sub> dynamics and the high sensitivity of enhanced carbon sinks to τ<sub>veg</sub> should be incorporated into future land surface models to ensure that the τ<sub>veg</sub> dynamics and their impacts on terrestrial carbon cycling and climate mitigation are accurately assessed. Our results also provide valuable insights for forest management aimed at enhancing carbon retention and sequestration through optimizing age-related stand dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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