Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.040
Zhuomin Qiang , Yanbin Ning , Wei Zhao , Yajie Song , Chaoqun Zhang , Shengwei Dong , Yifei Zhao , Yan Zhang , Yinyong Sun , Biao Deng , Xudong Li , Geping Yin , Shuaifeng Lou
Ultrahigh-Ni layered oxide cathodes suffer from high surface reactivity and severe strain propagation in sulfide all-solid-state batteries. Herein, we propose an in situ transformation strategy employing indium oxide to “capture” residual lithium impurities on the ultrahigh-Ni LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90) cathode. Simultaneously, the near-surface structure is reconstructed and forms a conformal epitaxial layer via residual alkali “welding”. The reconstructed layer effectively suppresses spontaneous side reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface and then prevents the structural fatigue in the bulk phase. The sulfide all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) deliver a high reversible capacity of ∼2 mAh cm–2 (>190 mAh g–1, 0. 069 mA cm–2), long cycling stability, and a good rate capability with a cathode loading of 9 mg cm–2. Coupling synchrotron X-ray tomography (micro-/nano-CT) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), the multi-scale observations from the particle level to the electrode levels reveal greatly alleviated interfacial instability and chemo-mechanical disintegration. We highlight the importance of surface engineering in stabilizing Ni-rich layered cathodes toward high-energy sulfide ASSLBs.
在硫化物全固态电池中，超高镍层状氧化物阴极具有高的表面反应性和严重的应变传播。在此，我们提出了一种利用氧化铟“捕获”超高镍LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 （NCM90）阴极上残留锂杂质的原位转化策略。同时，对近表面结构进行重构，通过残碱“焊接”形成共形外延层。重构层有效地抑制了阴极-电解质界面的自发副反应，从而防止了体相的结构疲劳。硫化物全固态锂电池（ASSLBs）提供高可逆容量，约2 mAh cm-2 （>190 mAh g- 1,0）。069毫安厘米-2)，长循环稳定性，并与阴极负载9毫克厘米-2良好的速率能力。耦合同步加速器x射线断层扫描（微/纳米ct）和x射线吸收近边缘结构（XANES），从粒子水平到电极水平的多尺度观察表明，界面不稳定性和化学力学崩解大大减轻。我们强调了表面工程在稳定富镍层状阴极到高能硫化物asslb中的重要性。
{"title":"Welding surface epitaxial layer enables high-loading sulfide all-solid-state batteries","authors":"Zhuomin Qiang , Yanbin Ning , Wei Zhao , Yajie Song , Chaoqun Zhang , Shengwei Dong , Yifei Zhao , Yan Zhang , Yinyong Sun , Biao Deng , Xudong Li , Geping Yin , Shuaifeng Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrahigh-Ni layered oxide cathodes suffer from high surface reactivity and severe strain propagation in sulfide all-solid-state batteries. Herein, we propose an <em>in situ</em> transformation strategy employing indium oxide to “capture” residual lithium impurities on the ultrahigh-Ni LiNi<sub>0.9</sub>Co<sub>0.05</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM90) cathode. Simultaneously, the near-surface structure is reconstructed and forms a conformal epitaxial layer via residual alkali “welding”. The reconstructed layer effectively suppresses spontaneous side reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface and then prevents the structural fatigue in the bulk phase. The sulfide all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) deliver a high reversible capacity of ∼2 mAh cm<sup>–2</sup> (>190 mAh g<sup>–1</sup>, 0. 069 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>), long cycling stability, and a good rate capability with a cathode loading of 9 mg cm<sup>–2</sup>. Coupling synchrotron X-ray tomography (micro-/nano-CT) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), the multi-scale observations from the particle level to the electrode levels reveal greatly alleviated interfacial instability and chemo-mechanical disintegration. We highlight the importance of surface engineering in stabilizing Ni-rich layered cathodes toward high-energy sulfide ASSLBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"70 23","pages":"Pages 4024-4036"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.041
Xiaofeng Li , Pratteek Das , Xiaoyu Shi , Ho Seok Park , Xinhe Bao , Zhong-Shuai Wu
{"title":"Cathode direct repair technology toward sustainable battery recycling","authors":"Xiaofeng Li , Pratteek Das , Xiaoyu Shi , Ho Seok Park , Xinhe Bao , Zhong-Shuai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"70 23","pages":"Pages 3931-3934"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.042
Bonan Li , Mengxue Chen , Xi Zhang , Weize Sun , Haoshan Cheng , Xiao Fang , Khalid Umer , Yanfang Yang , Yuanyuan Li , Yong Ding
In natural photosynthesis, compartmentalized protein networks spatially orchestrate light-driven electron transfer for CO2 activation, offering a blueprint for artificial systems. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a molecular compartmentalized photocatalyst for photocatalytic CO2 overall conversion, in which a nickel-substituted polyoxometalate (NiPOM) is confined within the inner channels of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), while Fe-porphyrin derivatives (FeTCPPOMe) are anchored onto the CNT exterior via π-π interactions. This unique inside-outside configuration creates a highly ordered, vectorial electron transfer pathway whereby photoexcited electrons are generated at the FeTCPPOMe sites, swiftly injected into the CNT and then directly delivered to the encapsulated NiPOM. Under simulated solar illumination, the FeTCPPOMe-NiPOM@CNT composite exhibits good photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance, achieving a CO production rate of 42.7 μmol g−1 h−1 with a 100% CO selectivity. In-situ DRIFTS, quasi in-situ XPS and in-situ illuminated Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) combined with density functional theory calculations clearly elucidated the photoinduced electron transfer pathway. This work demonstrates that strategic nanoscale confinement and hierarchical assembly can dramatically enhance charge transport and catalytic efficiency, offering a promising blueprint for next-generation CO2 photoreduction systems.
{"title":"Hierarchically ordered CNTs encapsulating Ni-polyoxometalate with exterior Fe-porphyrin enable vectorial charge transfer for efficient CO2 photoreduction","authors":"Bonan Li , Mengxue Chen , Xi Zhang , Weize Sun , Haoshan Cheng , Xiao Fang , Khalid Umer , Yanfang Yang , Yuanyuan Li , Yong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In natural photosynthesis, compartmentalized protein networks spatially orchestrate light-driven electron transfer for CO<sub>2</sub> activation, offering a blueprint for artificial systems. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a molecular compartmentalized photocatalyst for photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> overall conversion, in which a nickel-substituted polyoxometalate (NiPOM) is confined within the inner channels of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), while Fe-porphyrin derivatives (FeTCPPOMe) are anchored onto the CNT exterior via π-π interactions. This unique inside-outside configuration creates a highly ordered, vectorial electron transfer pathway whereby photoexcited electrons are generated at the FeTCPPOMe sites, swiftly injected into the CNT and then directly delivered to the encapsulated NiPOM. Under simulated solar illumination, the FeTCPPOMe-NiPOM@CNT composite exhibits good photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction performance, achieving a CO production rate of 42.7 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> with a 100% CO selectivity. <em>In-situ</em> DRIFTS, quasi <em>in-situ</em> XPS and <em>in-situ</em> illuminated Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) combined with density functional theory calculations clearly elucidated the photoinduced electron transfer pathway. This work demonstrates that strategic nanoscale confinement and hierarchical assembly can dramatically enhance charge transport and catalytic efficiency, offering a promising blueprint for next-generation CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"70 23","pages":"Pages 4014-4023"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.045
Yibo Zhang , Yunlin Zhang , R. Iestyn Woolway , Zhigang Cao , Xiwen Wang , Jian Zhou , Yongqiang Zhou , Weijia Wang , Na Li , Boqiang Qin , Kun Shi
Water clarity, typically measured by the Secchi disk depth (SDD), is a critical factor influencing the functioning and development of lake ecosystems, yet the complex response of SDD to a warming world is not well understood. Here, we integrated Landsat-based modeling datasets and retrieved a time-series water SDD database by analyzing approximately 1.4 million satellite images. Covering the period from 1995 to 2023, this dataset provides insights into the SDD dynamics of 170,799 lakes larger than 1 km2 worldwide. We show that 67% of the studied lakes have experienced a decreasing trend in SDD, with 39% exhibiting a statistically significant decline. Globally, lakes have experienced a 13% decrease in SDD. However, 44% of lakes in Asia demonstrate an increase in SDD. We propose that watershed climate, landscape influences, and in-lake algal blooms all exert significant impacts on changes in SDD. Climatic warming contributes to SDD decreases in North American and European lakes by promoting permafrost thaw and enhancing algal growth. Conversely, the observed increases in SDD in Asian lakes are primarily associated with the greening of surrounding landscapes. Our findings highlight the complex ways in which climate change affects lake SDD, emphasizing the combined roles of altered surrounding landscapes and in-lake algal growth in shaping these dynamics.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variations in global lake clarity and responses to climate and landscape drivers","authors":"Yibo Zhang , Yunlin Zhang , R. Iestyn Woolway , Zhigang Cao , Xiwen Wang , Jian Zhou , Yongqiang Zhou , Weijia Wang , Na Li , Boqiang Qin , Kun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water clarity, typically measured by the Secchi disk depth (SDD), is a critical factor influencing the functioning and development of lake ecosystems, yet the complex response of SDD to a warming world is not well understood. Here, we integrated Landsat-based modeling datasets and retrieved a time-series water SDD database by analyzing approximately 1.4 million satellite images. Covering the period from 1995 to 2023, this dataset provides insights into the SDD dynamics of 170,799 lakes larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup> worldwide. We show that 67% of the studied lakes have experienced a decreasing trend in SDD, with 39% exhibiting a statistically significant decline. Globally, lakes have experienced a 13% decrease in SDD. However, 44% of lakes in Asia demonstrate an increase in SDD. We propose that watershed climate, landscape influences, and in-lake algal blooms all exert significant impacts on changes in SDD. Climatic warming contributes to SDD decreases in North American and European lakes by promoting permafrost thaw and enhancing algal growth. Conversely, the observed increases in SDD in Asian lakes are primarily associated with the greening of surrounding landscapes. Our findings highlight the complex ways in which climate change affects lake SDD, emphasizing the combined roles of altered surrounding landscapes and in-lake algal growth in shaping these dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"70 23","pages":"Pages 4091-4103"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.044
Jun Wang , Dong-Yu Fan , Shan Huang , Chang Liu , Pei-Wen Zhao , Nan Wu , Xiao-Lin Gao , Qing-Zhi Wang , Yanli Li , Bai Liu , Yuan-Ye Ma , Rong-Chang Zhao , Yu-Peng Zhu , Qiong-Yan Li , Xiao-Yu Liu , Xiao Chen , Yu-Jie Lai , Fan Zeng , Yu-Hui Liu , Xian-Le Bu , Yan-Jiang Wang
Systemic factors confound blood tests for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Delta Method study explored whether blood biomarkers from the vein proximal to the brain perform better in detecting cerebral Alzheimer’s pathologies using PET or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers as reference standards in two independent cohorts (n = 463). Blood was collected from the internal jugular vein (IJV) and median cubital vein (MCV), and AD biomarkers were measured with Lumipulse G and Simoa methods. The results showed that the levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau217, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL were higher in the IJV than in MCV and were highly correlated between the two sites. IJV-Aβ42/40 had stronger correlations with Aβ PET Centiloids and tau PET meta-temporal SUVR than MCV-Aβ42/40. In detecting cerebral Aβ positivity, IJV-Aβ42/40 demonstrated a significantly higher accuracy (79.9%–92.9% vs. 72.4%–88.8%) and a lower percentage of uncertain individuals (17.8%–54.5% vs. 31.3%–70.1%) than MCV-Aβ42/40. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of Lumipulse G IJV-Aβ42/40 (88.2%–92.9%) was statistically equivalent to that of MCV-p-tau217 (90.2%–94.3%), although the intermediate percentage of IJV-Aβ42/40 was higher (17.8%–34.0% vs. 0.7%–17.5%). These findings were verified in the validation cohort. This study demonstrated the superior performance of IJV-Aβ42/40 to MCV-Aβ42/40 in detecting cerebral Alzheimer’s pathologies, offering a novel perspective to reduce the impacts of systemic factors and comorbidities on blood tests.
全身因素使血液检查对阿尔茨海默病（AD）的诊断产生混淆。Delta方法研究在两个独立队列（n = 463）中，以PET或脑脊液（CSF）生物标志物作为参考标准，探讨了来自大脑近端静脉的血液生物标志物是否在检测大脑阿尔茨海默病病理方面表现更好。采用颈内静脉（IJV）和肘正中静脉（MCV）采血，采用Lumipulse G和Simoa法测定AD生物标志物。结果表明，Aβ42、Aβ40、p-tau217、p-tau181、GFAP和NfL在IJV中的表达水平高于MCV，且两者之间存在高度相关。与mcv - a- β42/40相比，ijv - a- β42/40与Aβ PET Centiloids和tau PET meta-temporal SUVR的相关性更强。与mcv - a - β42/40相比，ijv - a - β42/40对脑a β阳性的检测准确率（79.9% ~ 92.9%比72.4% ~ 88.8%）显著高于mcv - a - β42/40，不确定个体比例（17.8% ~ 54.5%比31.3% ~ 70.1%）显著低于mcv - a - β42/40。此外，Lumipulse G ijv - a - β42/40的诊断准确率（88.2% ~ 92.9%）与MCV-p-tau217的诊断准确率（90.2% ~ 94.3%）具有统计学意义，但ijv - a - β42/40的中间率更高（17.8% ~ 34.0% vs. 0.7% ~ 17.5%）。这些发现在验证队列中得到了验证。本研究证实了ijv - a - β42/40比mcv - a - β42/40在检测脑性阿尔茨海默病病理方面的优势，为减少全身因素和合并症对血液检查的影响提供了新的视角。
{"title":"Performance of blood biomarkers in internal jugular vein for Alzheimer’s disease pathologies: the Delta Method study","authors":"Jun Wang , Dong-Yu Fan , Shan Huang , Chang Liu , Pei-Wen Zhao , Nan Wu , Xiao-Lin Gao , Qing-Zhi Wang , Yanli Li , Bai Liu , Yuan-Ye Ma , Rong-Chang Zhao , Yu-Peng Zhu , Qiong-Yan Li , Xiao-Yu Liu , Xiao Chen , Yu-Jie Lai , Fan Zeng , Yu-Hui Liu , Xian-Le Bu , Yan-Jiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systemic factors confound blood tests for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Delta Method study explored whether blood biomarkers from the vein proximal to the brain perform better in detecting cerebral Alzheimer’s pathologies using PET or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers as reference standards in two independent cohorts (<em>n</em> = 463). Blood was collected from the internal jugular vein (IJV) and median cubital vein (MCV), and AD biomarkers were measured with Lumipulse G and Simoa methods. The results showed that the levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau217, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL were higher in the IJV than in MCV and were highly correlated between the two sites. IJV-Aβ42/40 had stronger correlations with Aβ PET Centiloids and tau PET meta-temporal SUVR than MCV-Aβ42/40. In detecting cerebral Aβ positivity, IJV-Aβ42/40 demonstrated a significantly higher accuracy (79.9%–92.9% vs. 72.4%–88.8%) and a lower percentage of uncertain individuals (17.8%–54.5% vs. 31.3%–70.1%) than MCV-Aβ42/40. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of Lumipulse G IJV-Aβ42/40 (88.2%–92.9%) was statistically equivalent to that of MCV-p-tau217 (90.2%–94.3%), although the intermediate percentage of IJV-Aβ42/40 was higher (17.8%–34.0% vs. 0.7%–17.5%). These findings were verified in the validation cohort. This study demonstrated the superior performance of IJV-Aβ42/40 to MCV-Aβ42/40 in detecting cerebral Alzheimer’s pathologies, offering a novel perspective to reduce the impacts of systemic factors and comorbidities on blood tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"70 23","pages":"Pages 4061-4069"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.037
Yifan Yu, Zhe Wang, Nils B Kroemer, Liangwen Zhang, Lin Lu, Jie Sun
{"title":"Closed-loop brain-body interface: integrating brain-computer interfaces and peripheral nerve stimulation for adaptive neuromodulation.","authors":"Yifan Yu, Zhe Wang, Nils B Kroemer, Liangwen Zhang, Lin Lu, Jie Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145511408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reactive oxygen species signaling promotes lesion development in endometriosis through activation of the CHK1/SGK1 pathway.","authors":"Guojing Li, Keke Zhang, Chenxuan Wei, Ruoer Yu, Jing Ouyang, Yutong Yao, Yu Lin, Hong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.035
Kun Yang , Xu Zhou , Xiaogang Ma , Deliang Chen , Fahu Chen , Yongjiu Dai , Yaozhi Jiang , Anning Huang , Yanluan Lin , Jiarui Liu , Hui Lu , Jing Sun , Jiamin Wang , Yan Wang , Siyu Yue , Dingchi Zhao , Xin Li
Reliable climate modeling of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is essential for understanding the variability of the Asian monsoon, water resources, and associated energy and water cycles. However, accurately simulating the region’s complex climate remains challenging for existing models, which often significantly overestimate precipitation and underestimate cold-season air temperatures. In this study, we introduce the Tibetan Plateau Climate System Model (TPCSM), also referred to as TP-WRF, developed from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We have enhanced or incorporated key physical processes related to terrain, land, lakes, snow, and clouds that are often poorly represented or missing in standard climate models. These refinements lead to a significant improvement in simulation accuracy. The wet bias in summer precipitation, averaged across weather stations, is reduced from 2.0 to 0.5 mm/d, primarily due to the implementation of a turbulent orographic form drag scheme and a probability cloud fraction scheme. Similarly, the cold bias in air temperature from winter to spring is nearly eliminated (from −1.8 ℃ to 0.1 ℃), largely attributable to improved parameterizations for shallow-snow albedo and the representation of complex terrain effects on snow cover. The TPCSM has contributed to two international model intercomparison projects and has been used to develop high-resolution meteorological datasets, thereby advancing our understanding of the TP’s water and energy cycles. The development of TPCSM marks a significant step forward in regional climate modeling for complex terrain, with implications for improving water resource management, hazard forecasting, and climate change impact assessment across the Third Pole region.
{"title":"A physically-refined regional climate model for the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Kun Yang , Xu Zhou , Xiaogang Ma , Deliang Chen , Fahu Chen , Yongjiu Dai , Yaozhi Jiang , Anning Huang , Yanluan Lin , Jiarui Liu , Hui Lu , Jing Sun , Jiamin Wang , Yan Wang , Siyu Yue , Dingchi Zhao , Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable climate modeling of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is essential for understanding the variability of the Asian monsoon, water resources, and associated energy and water cycles. However, accurately simulating the region’s complex climate remains challenging for existing models, which often significantly overestimate precipitation and underestimate cold-season air temperatures. In this study, we introduce the Tibetan Plateau Climate System Model (TPCSM), also referred to as TP-WRF, developed from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We have enhanced or incorporated key physical processes related to terrain, land, lakes, snow, and clouds that are often poorly represented or missing in standard climate models. These refinements lead to a significant improvement in simulation accuracy. The wet bias in summer precipitation, averaged across weather stations, is reduced from 2.0 to 0.5 mm/d, primarily due to the implementation of a turbulent orographic form drag scheme and a probability cloud fraction scheme. Similarly, the cold bias in air temperature from winter to spring is nearly eliminated (from −1.8 ℃ to 0.1 ℃), largely attributable to improved parameterizations for shallow-snow albedo and the representation of complex terrain effects on snow cover. The TPCSM has contributed to two international model intercomparison projects and has been used to develop high-resolution meteorological datasets, thereby advancing our understanding of the TP’s water and energy cycles. The development of TPCSM marks a significant step forward in regional climate modeling for complex terrain, with implications for improving water resource management, hazard forecasting, and climate change impact assessment across the Third Pole region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"70 23","pages":"Pages 4070-4079"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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