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Modeling spatial processes of extreme heat impacts on global economy: a multi-scale spatio-temporal approach 极端高温对全球经济影响的空间过程模拟：一个多尺度时空方法。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.07.035

Guanpeng Dong , Hang Zhang , Yansui Liu , Changhong Miao

Rising frequency, intensity, and geographic scope of extreme heat profoundly impede global sustainable economic development. However, existing climate econometric models are limited in capturing the spatial processes through which extreme heat affects the global economy, often resulting in downward-biased estimates of total economic losses. This study develops a novel multi-scale spatio-temporal model that integrates classic multi-level modeling with spatial statistics, explicitly addressing key challenges faced by climate econometrics. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is derived for model implementation. Using this model, we present the first quantitative assessment of the impacts of extreme heat on global economic production and their scale-dependent spatial processes. Our findings reveal that, at the national scale, economic losses caused by input–output economic linkages initially decline slowly, then drop sharply with increasing connectivity, with an inflection point around 0.1. When accounting for spatial propagation effects, a 1 ℃ increase in extreme heat intensity leads to an average loss of 2.54% [0.90%, 4.19%] of annual GDP per capita—substantially higher than estimates assuming economic losses are locally confined. Moreover, the economic impacts of extreme heat exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity, with positive marginal effects detected in colder regions and negative effects in warmer regions, with a turning point around 33.7 ℃. This study offers a new methodology to evaluate the impact of climate change from a multi-scale and spatial perspective.

极端高温的频率、强度和地理范围不断上升，严重阻碍了全球经济的可持续发展。然而，现有的气候计量模型在捕捉极端高温影响全球经济的空间过程方面是有限的，往往导致对总经济损失的估计有向下的偏差。本研究开发了一种新的多尺度时空模型，将经典的多层次建模与空间统计相结合，明确解决了气候计量经济学面临的关键挑战。给出了一种贝叶斯马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗仿真算法。利用该模型，我们首次对极端高温对全球经济生产的影响及其尺度依赖的空间过程进行了定量评估。我们的研究结果表明，在全国范围内，投入产出经济联系造成的经济损失最初缓慢下降，然后随着连通性的增加而急剧下降，拐点在0.1左右。考虑到空间传播效应，极端热强度每增加1℃，将导致人均年GDP的平均损失2.54%[0.90%,4.19%]，大大高于假设经济损失仅限于当地的估计。极端高温的经济影响表现出显著的空间异质性，在寒冷地区存在正边际效应，在温暖地区存在负边际效应，在33.7℃左右出现拐点。该研究为从多尺度和空间角度评价气候变化影响提供了一种新的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of Pt electrocatalyst stability and activity in hydrogen oxidation reaction by polyoxometalate and carbon dot co-boosting 多金属氧酸盐与碳点协同增强氢氧化反应中Pt电催化剂的稳定性和活性。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.07.033

Fei-Yang Yu , Zhong-Ling Lang , Xian Wang , Jing Sun , Yu-Chen Liu , Hua-Qiao Tan , Jun-Jie Ge , Yang-Guang Li , Zhen-Hui Kang

Pt-based catalysts are prone to oxidation and CO poisoning during the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), leading to deactivation, which has presented significant challenges for the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Here, we propose a dual-protection strategy with the advantages of Pt-polyoxometalates (POMs) and carbon dots (CDs) to synthesize an advanced POMs-CDs based electrocatalyst, Pt-SiW₁₂-CDs, with Pt clusters dispersed on SiW₁₂-CDs substrates. It exhibited exceptional HOR performance, achieving a mass activity of 10.36 A mg_Pt⁻¹ at an overpotential of 50 mV, which is over 54 times greater than that of Pt/C (0.19 A mg_Pt^–1). These catalysts also display impressive stability and CO tolerance. By employing X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra, transient photovoltage (TPV), transient potential scanning (TPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the in-depth investigation suggested the muti-roles of SiW₁₂ and CDs for synergistic enhancement of Pt electrocatalyst stability and activity in HOR process. CDs act as bridges, effectively and rapidly transferring protons and electrons to SiW₁₂ from Pt clusters. CDs can effectively coordinate with Pt, regulating its electronic structure while pre-occupying Pt sites, thus hindering CO adsorption on Pt. The reduced SiW₁₂ efficiently transfers electrons to Pt, inhibiting the oxidation of Pt. Additionally, SiW₁₂ also serves as the driving force, maintaining the rapid progression of the HOR process. The dual-protection strategy provides new ideas and directions for design of efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst.

pt基催化剂在氢氧化反应（HOR）过程中容易氧化和CO中毒，导致失活，这对质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的应用提出了重大挑战。本文提出了利用聚金属氧酸盐（POMs）和碳点（CDs）的双重保护策略，合成了一种基于POMs-CDs的先进电催化剂Pt-SiW12-CDs，并将Pt簇分散在SiW12-CDs衬底上。它表现出优异的HOR性能，在过电位为50 mV时达到10.36 a mgPt-1的质量活性，是Pt/C （0.19 a mgPt-1）的54倍以上。这些催化剂还表现出令人印象深刻的稳定性和CO耐受性。通过x射线吸收精细结构（XAFS）光谱、瞬态光电压（TPV）、瞬态电位扫描（TPS）和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算，深入研究了SiW12和CDs在HOR过程中协同增强Pt电催化剂稳定性和活性的多重作用。CDs作为桥梁，有效和快速地将质子和电子从Pt簇转移到SiW12。CDs可以有效地与Pt配合，在预先占据Pt位点的同时调节Pt的电子结构，从而阻碍CO在Pt上的吸附。还原后的SiW12有效地将电子转移到Pt上，抑制Pt的氧化。此外，SiW12还起到了驱动作用，维持了HOR过程的快速进行。双保护策略为设计高效稳定的多相催化剂提供了新的思路和方向。

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引用次数: 0

Rational tailoring of Li2MnO3 nanodomains for Li-Rich Mn-based cathodes 富锂锰基阴极中Li2MnO3纳米畴的合理裁剪。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.012

Shuangshuang Zhang , Xiaowen Zhao , Ping Wu , Xiyan Yue , Yawen Tang , Xin Cao , Haoshen Zhou

引用次数: 0

Biomaterials mimicking immunological synapses for enhanced T cell activation in CAR-T therapy 模拟免疫突触的生物材料在CAR-T治疗中增强T细胞活化。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.04.041

Yan-Ruide Li , Zeyang Liu , Enbo Zhu

引用次数: 0

Resolving oil generation conundrum at anomalously high thermal maturity by chemical saponification. 用化学皂化法解决异常高热成熟度生油难题。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.013

Ruijie Zhang, Jian Cao, Wenxuan Hu, Liuwen Xia, Bin Zhang, Tingting Wang, Yong Tang, Wenjun He, Thorsten Bauersachs

引用次数: 0

Inheritance and differentiation of the Ordos Basin under multidirectional convergence of plates 板块多向辐合作用下鄂尔多斯盆地的继承与分异

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.07.018

Yiwen Ju , Wei Wang , Chengzao Jia , Zhanli Ren , Dengfa He , Zhangxin Chen , S.M. Farouq Ali , Liangliang Jiang

引用次数: 0

Asthenospheric flow and lithospheric erosion driving the outward growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.08.007

Chutian Shu , Xiaoping Long , Stephen F. Foley , Kaizhang Yu , Zhuoying Zhang , Zheng-Xiang Li , Luc S. Doucet , Qiang Xu

The northeastern (NE) Tibetan Plateau is extruding eastward at a rapid rate (∼15 mm a⁻¹), but the role of the upper mantle in this process remains unclear. Early-Miocene primary melilitites from the leading edge of the extruding plateau provide critical insights into the upper mantle dynamics. Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb–Os isotopic data, supported by experimental melt comparisons, reveal that these melilitites originate from a hybrid source of CO₂-bearing mantle source, probably dominated by peridotite and pyroxenite/wehrlite lithologies. This is consistent with carbonate minerals found in mantle xenoliths (peridotite + pyroxenite) entrained within the melilitites. Geothermobarometric calculations indicate magma generation at 116–135 km depth, below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (∼112 km) constrained by xenoliths and seismic data. Isotopic data trace the carbon origin to a carbonated lithosphere associated with the 150-km-thick eastern tectonic blocks. Recent seismological studies suggest that eastward-flowing asthenosphere beneath the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is actively eroding the thicker lithosphere (150–200 km) of the eastern blocks. We propose that this asthenospheric flow not only thins the lithosphere but also mobilizes carbon from the eastern carbonated lithosphere into generating the melilitite, likely via edge-driven convection. The resulting melilitite compositions is therefore a petrological record of these dynamic processes. This study highlights the critical role of upper mantle processes—astenospheric flow and lithospheric erosion—in driving the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. It also underscores the importance of carbon mobilization in understanding mantle carbon cycling during continental collision.

早中新世来自挤压高原前缘的原生千粒岩提供了对上地幔动力学的重要见解。地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Os同位素数据，以及实验熔体对比结果表明，这些溶出石可能来自含co2的混合地幔源，可能以橄榄岩和辉石岩/辉石岩岩性为主。这与地幔捕虏体（橄榄岩+辉石岩）中的碳酸盐矿物一致。地温气压计算表明岩浆的产生深度为116-135 km，低于岩石圈-软流圈边界（~ 112 km），受捕虏体和地震数据的限制。同位素数据显示碳的来源是与150公里厚的东部构造块相关的碳酸岩石圈。我们认为这种软流层流动不仅使岩石圈变薄，而且可能通过边缘驱动对流从东部碳酸化岩石圈调动碳来产生千粒岩。由此产生的千晶石组成是这些动态过程的岩石学记录。它还强调了碳动员对理解大陆碰撞过程中地幔碳循环的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting acetate production on the in situ reconstructed Cu nanoislands via pressure-regulated CO adsorption and electroreduction 通过调压CO吸附和电还原促进原位重建Cu纳米岛上醋酸酯的生成。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.014

Rongxing Qiu , Jiaran Li , Jiafeng Du , Siwang Zhang , Lingzhi Ding , Jinlong Wan , Cheng Li , Jinyu Ye , Jin-Chao Dong , Yuanjie Pang , Jian-Feng Li , Shuliang Yang , Shisheng Zheng , Jun Li , Li Peng

Electrochemical CO₂/CO reduction (CO₂/CORR) driven by renewable electricity offers a sustainable strategy to produce high-value-added products like acetate (CH₃COOH). However, the difficulties in regulating CO adsorption geometries remain a major obstacle to achieving high acetate Faradaic efficiency (FE) at industrially relevant current densities. We rationally reason that the CO replenishment rate must match the high turnover rate at high overpotentials so that the optimal ratio between the two *CO configurations could be maintained to promote the critical C-C coupling for acetate production. To address this dilemma, we designed a Cu-BTA (1H-benzotriazole) nanoisland catalyst through in situ reconstruction, combined with elevated CO pressure to create a confined microenvironment for effective *CO configuration modulation. The designed Cu-BTA catalyst exhibits superior CO-to-acetate selectivity with an 80.8% FE and 180 mg h⁻¹ cm⁻² production rate at −400 mA cm⁻² under 7 bar CO (1 bar = 100 kPa), surpassing most Cu-based catalysts. In situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that elevated CO pressure effectively increases the atop-adsorbed CO/bridge-adsorbed CO (*CO_atop/*CO_b) ratio, accelerates the rate-determining step (*CO + *CO to *OCCOH), and promotes the formation of key intermediates such as *CCO and *CH₂CO, ultimately boosting CH₃COOH production.

由可再生电力驱动的电化学CO2/CO还原（CO2/CORR）为生产乙酸（CH3COOH）等高附加值产品提供了一种可持续的策略。然而，在工业相关电流密度下，调节CO吸附几何形状的困难仍然是实现高醋酸盐法拉第效率（FE）的主要障碍。我们合理地推断，在高过电位下，CO补充速率必须与高周转率相匹配，以保持两种*CO构型之间的最佳比例，从而促进醋酸酯生产的临界C-C偶联。为了解决这一难题，我们通过原位重构设计了Cu-BTA （1h -苯并三唑）纳米岛催化剂，并结合升高的CO压力创造了一个有效的*CO构型调制的受限微环境。设计的Cu-BTA催化剂在7 bar CO （1 bar = 100 kPa）条件下，在-400 mA cm-2条件下，FE为80.8%，产率为180 mg h-1 cm-2，优于大多数cu基催化剂。原位表征和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算结果表明，提高CO压力可有效提高顶吸CO/桥吸CO （* cotop /*COb）比，加快速率决定步骤（*CO + *CO到*OCCOH），促进关键中间体如*CCO和*CH2CO的形成，最终促进CH3COOH的产量。

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引用次数: 0

Ensemble atomic sites for acidic oxygen evolution: mechanisms, atomic engineering, and AI-assisted screening 酸性氧演化的集合原子位：机制、原子工程和人工智能辅助筛选。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.10.011

Wenjia Qu , Xingen Lin , Handuo Zheng , Jianuo Liu , Cheng Qian , Kong Chen , Huang Zhou , Yafei Zhao , Quan-Hong Yang , Yuen Wu

Atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs), featured with maximized atom efficiency and well-defined active sites, have attracted increasing research interest, especially for addressing the critical challenges of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), including slow kinetics, limited stability, and dependence on scarce noble metals. From isolated atomic centers to multi-metallic ensemble atomic sites (EAS), spatially coupled metal centers with distinct atomic configurations offer a new platform for tailoring the energetics of OER pathways. EAS provide cooperative interactions that can modulate intermediate binding energies, enable multi-electron transfer, and enhance structural resilience under work conditions. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the mechanistic understanding of EAS in acidic OER (AOER) over the past three years, highlight advances in material synthesis strategies, and explore how artificial intelligence and machine learning are accelerating the discovery of optimal ensembles. We propose future directions for rational catalyst design and advocate the integration of advanced characterizations and data-driven modeling to realize next-generation AOER catalysts.

原子分散金属催化剂（ADMCs）具有最大的原子效率和明确的活性位点，引起了越来越多的研究兴趣，特别是用于解决析氧反应（OER）的关键挑战，包括慢动力学，有限的稳定性和对稀有贵金属的依赖。从孤立的原子中心到多金属系综原子位（EAS），具有不同原子构型的空间耦合金属中心为调整OER路径的能量学提供了一个新的平台。EAS提供协同相互作用，可以调节中间结合能，实现多电子转移，并增强工作条件下的结构弹性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过去三年来酸性OER （AOER）中EAS机制理解的最新进展，重点介绍了材料合成策略的进展，并探讨了人工智能和机器学习如何加速发现最佳集成。我们提出了合理设计催化剂的未来方向，并主张将先进的表征和数据驱动建模相结合，以实现下一代AOER催化剂。

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β-hydroxybutyrate enhances mitochondrial function via mitochondrial-derived vesicles β-羟基丁酸通过线粒体来源的囊泡增强线粒体功能。

IF 21.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.05.011

Feixiang Bao , Dingxin Zeng , Jiahui Xiao , Lingyan Zhou , Xingguo Liu

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