Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.26
B. Eid, H. Maksoud, T. Elsewify
Aim: To investigate the efficacy of the XP-endo Finisher-R (XP-FR) and manual H-filing in enhancing the removal of Totalfill BC sealer from oval root canals. Methodology: Forty mandibular incisors were prepared using ProTaper Next up to file X3 then filled with warm vertical condensation using Totalfill BC sealer. The volume of the root canal filling post-obturation and the remaining volume post-retreatment using Mani NRT-GPR system were assessed using Micro-CT (µ-CT). The total volume in 3 mm was calculated from the cervical line till the root apex using the CT-an software. Specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups n=20 according to the supplementary approach of gutta percha removal used; where Group I: XP-FR was used for 1 min, and Group II: size 30 H-file was used in a filing motion for 1 min. Specimens were again scanned using µ-CT and the remaining gutta percha volume was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon, Man-Whitney, Friedman tests with significance level of 5%. Results: Significant reduction of the remining filling material was recorded post-retreatment with percentage of reduction of 63.34%, 78.53%, and 66.21% at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds respectively using Mani NRT-GPR system. Supplementary removal approaches significantly improved filling material removal (P<0.05). XP-FR removed significantly more filling material than manual H-filing with percentage of filling material reduction of 52.22%, 34.92%, and 40.60% compared to 21.89%, 18.43%, 31.72% in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (Man-Whitney test, P<0.001). Conclusions: Rotary retreatment files failed to totally remove the root canal filling material. Supplementary methods have improved root canal filling material removal; where XP-FR significantly removed more filling than manual H-filing.
目的:探讨XP-endo Finisher-R (XP-FR)和人工h锉对Totalfill BC封闭剂从椭圆形根管中去除的效果。方法:使用ProTaper Next to file X3准备40个下颌骨切牙，然后使用Totalfill BC封口剂进行热垂直冷凝填充。采用Micro-CT(µ-CT)评估封闭后根管填充体积和Mani NRT-GPR系统再处理后的剩余体积。利用CT-an软件计算从颈线到根尖3mm内的总容积。根据采用去除杜仲胶的辅助方法，将标本随机分为两组，n=20;其中，第I组:XP-FR使用1分钟，第II组:尺寸为30的H-file使用1分钟。再次使用µ-CT扫描标本，计算剩余的树胶体积。数据采用Wilcoxon、Man-Whitney、Friedman检验进行统计学分析，显著性水平为5%。结果:使用Mani NRT-GPR系统进行再处理后，充填体充填材料的减少率分别为63.34%、78.53%和66.21%，在根尖三分之一、中三分之一和冠三分之一处均有明显减少。辅助拔除方法显著提高了充填材料的拔除效果(P<0.05)。P- fr比手工h锉去除更多的充填材料，根尖、中、冠状三分之一的充填材料减少率分别为52.22%、34.92%和40.60%，而Man-Whitney检验，P<0.001)。结论:旋转再治疗锉不能完全去除根管充填物。补充方法改进了根管充填材料的清除;其中XP-FR明显比手动h锉去除更多的填充。
{"title":"Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher-R in enhancing removal of bioceramic sealer from oval root canal: a micro CT study","authors":"B. Eid, H. Maksoud, T. Elsewify","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.26","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the efficacy of the XP-endo Finisher-R (XP-FR) and manual H-filing in enhancing the removal of Totalfill BC sealer from oval root canals. \u0000Methodology: Forty mandibular incisors were prepared using ProTaper Next up to file X3 then filled with warm vertical condensation using Totalfill BC sealer. The volume of the root canal filling post-obturation and the remaining volume post-retreatment using Mani NRT-GPR system were assessed using Micro-CT (µ-CT). The total volume in 3 mm was calculated from the cervical line till the root apex using the CT-an software. Specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups n=20 according to the supplementary approach of gutta percha removal used; where Group I: XP-FR was used for 1 min, and Group II: size 30 H-file was used in a filing motion for 1 min. Specimens were again scanned using µ-CT and the remaining gutta percha volume was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon, Man-Whitney, Friedman tests with significance level of 5%. \u0000Results: Significant reduction of the remining filling material was recorded post-retreatment with percentage of reduction of 63.34%, 78.53%, and 66.21% at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds respectively using Mani NRT-GPR system. Supplementary removal approaches significantly improved filling material removal (P<0.05). XP-FR removed significantly more filling material than manual H-filing with percentage of filling material reduction of 52.22%, 34.92%, and 40.60% compared to 21.89%, 18.43%, 31.72% in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (Man-Whitney test, P<0.001). \u0000Conclusions: Rotary retreatment files failed to totally remove the root canal filling material. Supplementary methods have improved root canal filling material removal; where XP-FR significantly removed more filling than manual H-filing.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84819492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.24
Paola Tentardini Bainy, R. Melara, Luiz Henrique Burnett Júnior, Tiago André Fontoura de Melo
Aim: To evaluate whether the restorative procedure using glass fibers influence the fracture strength of endodontically treated molars with class II mesio-occlusal (MO) preparation. Methodology: Fifty human maxillary third molars were selected and randomly assigned to five groups (n=10). MO cavity preparation and endodontic treatment were standardized, except for the positive control group (S, sound teeth). The other groups were classified as: ET, no restoration (negative control); SF, restoration with SonicFill 2® system; SFB, restoration with braided glass fiber and SonicFill 2® system; and SFP, restoration with transfixed glass fiber post and SonicFill 2® system. The specimens were subjected to fracture strength testing on a universal testing machine. Fracture site – either pulp chamber floor or cusp – was inspected. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (α=5%). Results: Means followed by the same letter did not show statistical difference in Tukey’s test (P>0.05). S: 3563A ± 780.7; ET: 1001D ± 237.6; SF: 1689C ± 280.7; SFB: 2256B ± 289.2; and SFP: 2493B ± 364. Conclusions: The glass fiber, regardless of composition, increases the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. The use of a glass fiber post attached to the dental crown seems to provide more favorable rehabilitation when the fracture position is determined.
{"title":"Effect of glass fiber on the restorative procedure in relation to fracture strength of endodontically treated molars","authors":"Paola Tentardini Bainy, R. Melara, Luiz Henrique Burnett Júnior, Tiago André Fontoura de Melo","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.24","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate whether the restorative procedure using glass fibers influence the fracture strength of endodontically treated molars with class II mesio-occlusal (MO) preparation. \u0000Methodology: Fifty human maxillary third molars were selected and randomly assigned to five groups (n=10). MO cavity preparation and endodontic treatment were standardized, except for the positive control group (S, sound teeth). The other groups were classified as: ET, no restoration (negative control); SF, restoration with SonicFill 2® system; SFB, restoration with braided glass fiber and SonicFill 2® system; and SFP, restoration with transfixed glass fiber post and SonicFill 2® system. The specimens were subjected to fracture strength testing on a universal testing machine. Fracture site – either pulp chamber floor or cusp – was inspected. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (α=5%). \u0000Results: Means followed by the same letter did not show statistical difference in Tukey’s test (P>0.05). S: 3563A ± 780.7; ET: 1001D ± 237.6; SF: 1689C ± 280.7; SFB: 2256B ± 289.2; and SFP: 2493B ± 364. \u0000Conclusions: The glass fiber, regardless of composition, increases the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. The use of a glass fiber post attached to the dental crown seems to provide more favorable rehabilitation when the fracture position is determined.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75617590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.20
R. A. Bernardes, M. H. Duarte, B. C. Vasconcelos, C. Bramante, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical reproducibility in determining the working length of Tri Auto ZX2 electronic foraminal locator (EFL) with instruments activated in OGP function by comparing the results obtained by this new device with those obtained by Root ZX II EFL. Methodology: One hundred twenty-five teeth (72 vital and 60 non-vital pulps) were measured by Root ZX II EFL and Tri Auto ZX2 with instruments activated in OGP function to determine their respective working length, which was defined as a zero reading on the EFL. The instrument length was fixed with a rubber stop and measured with a caliper to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The values obtained by Root ZX II and Tri Auto ZX2 were statistically compared by student t test with 5% of significance. The agreement between the different devices were determined in percentage. The statistical correlation was also used to determine the agreement between the two EFLs. Results: There were no significant differences between tested EFLs measurements at “0.0” in vital, non-vital and in the overall analysis (P>0.05). Considering the agreement between devices, the results revealed 98.66% and 100% of concordant values in vital and non-vital pulps, respectively. The R2 coefficient obtained was close to 1 in cases of vital pulp, non-vital pulp and in overall analysis, denoting a strong agreement between the EFLs. Conclusions: The clinical reproducibility of Tri Auto ZX2 was confirmed when compared to Root ZX II, indicating that the new device is effective for clinical use.
目的:本研究的目的是通过比较Tri Auto ZX2电子椎间孔定位仪(EFL)与Root ZX II EFL测定OGP功能激活仪器测定工作长度的结果，评价其临床可重复性。方法:用Root ZX II EFL和Tri Auto ZX2测量125颗牙齿(72颗重要牙髓和60颗非重要牙髓)，仪器在OGP功能下激活，以确定它们各自的工作长度，在EFL上定义为零读数。仪器长度用橡胶止水带固定，用卡尺测量，精度为0.1毫米。Root ZX II与Tri Auto ZX2所得值经学生t检验比较，差异有统计学意义(5%)。不同装置之间的一致性以百分比确定。统计相关性也被用来确定两个efl之间的一致性。结果:在生命值、非生命值和整体分析中，被测efl值在“0.0”时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。考虑到设备之间的一致性，结果显示重要和非重要纸浆的一致性值分别为98.66%和100%。在存活牙髓、非存活牙髓和整体分析中，得到的R2系数接近1，表明efl之间的一致性很强。结论:与Root ZX II相比，Tri Auto ZX2具有良好的临床重复性，可用于临床。
{"title":"Clinical reproducibility of Tri Auto ZX2 dedicated motor and electronic foraminal locator in determining root canal working length","authors":"R. A. Bernardes, M. H. Duarte, B. C. Vasconcelos, C. Bramante, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical reproducibility in determining the working length of Tri Auto ZX2 electronic foraminal locator (EFL) with instruments activated in OGP function by comparing the results obtained by this new device with those obtained by Root ZX II EFL. \u0000Methodology: One hundred twenty-five teeth (72 vital and 60 non-vital pulps) were measured by Root ZX II EFL and Tri Auto ZX2 with instruments activated in OGP function to determine their respective working length, which was defined as a zero reading on the EFL. The instrument length was fixed with a rubber stop and measured with a caliper to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The values obtained by Root ZX II and Tri Auto ZX2 were statistically compared by student t test with 5% of significance. The agreement between the different devices were determined in percentage. The statistical correlation was also used to determine the agreement between the two EFLs. \u0000Results: There were no significant differences between tested EFLs measurements at “0.0” in vital, non-vital and in the overall analysis (P>0.05). Considering the agreement between devices, the results revealed 98.66% and 100% of concordant values in vital and non-vital pulps, respectively. The R2 coefficient obtained was close to 1 in cases of vital pulp, non-vital pulp and in overall analysis, denoting a strong agreement between the EFLs. \u0000Conclusions: The clinical reproducibility of Tri Auto ZX2 was confirmed when compared to Root ZX II, indicating that the new device is effective for clinical use.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82108804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.17
R. Bukmir, Ema Paljević, A. Braut, Ante Sikirica, Zoran Čarija, I. Pršo, I. Anić
Aim: This study aimed to measure the vertical force developed during canal instrumentation with Neoniti rotary files at predetermined torque in relation to the operator’s experience. Methodology: The research was performed on 60 human maxillary and mandibular incisors extracted for periodontal reasons. Each group of 20 teeth (10 maxillary and 10 mandibular incisors) was prepared by three different operators with different levels of experience in endodontics: a fresh dental school graduate, a postgraduate student training in endodontics and an endodontic specialist. Maxillary incisors represented the experimental model of wide root canals while mandibular incisors represented a model of narrow root canals. Root canals were prepared employing Neoniti files and TCM Endo unit at speed and torque recommended by the manufacturer. Vertical force measurement was performed utilizing device constructed for this purpose. Statistical analysis was accomplished using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: The amount of vertical force was significantly higher in narrow than in wide root canals (P=0.001). Comparison of vertical forces developed by three different operators demonstrated significant differences (P<0.001). Median vertical force developed by postgraduate student was significantly lower than in other two operators (both P<0.01). In postgraduate student, a significant positive correlation between number of shaped root canals and vertical force was demonstrated (ρ=.490; P=0.003). Conclusions: The postgraduate with limited experience in rotary instrumentation had on average lowest values of vertical force as opposed to other two operators. However, these values increased with the number of shaped root canals.
{"title":"Influence of operator experience on vertical force during instrumentation using Neoniti rotary files","authors":"R. Bukmir, Ema Paljević, A. Braut, Ante Sikirica, Zoran Čarija, I. Pršo, I. Anić","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.17","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to measure the vertical force developed during canal instrumentation with Neoniti rotary files at predetermined torque in relation to the operator’s experience. \u0000Methodology: The research was performed on 60 human maxillary and mandibular incisors extracted for periodontal reasons. Each group of 20 teeth (10 maxillary and 10 mandibular incisors) was prepared by three different operators with different levels of experience in endodontics: a fresh dental school graduate, a postgraduate student training in endodontics and an endodontic specialist. Maxillary incisors represented the experimental model of wide root canals while mandibular incisors represented a model of narrow root canals. Root canals were prepared employing Neoniti files and TCM Endo unit at speed and torque recommended by the manufacturer. Vertical force measurement was performed utilizing device constructed for this purpose. Statistical analysis was accomplished using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s rank correlation. \u0000Results: The amount of vertical force was significantly higher in narrow than in wide root canals (P=0.001). Comparison of vertical forces developed by three different operators demonstrated significant differences (P<0.001). Median vertical force developed by postgraduate student was significantly lower than in other two operators (both P<0.01). In postgraduate student, a significant positive correlation between number of shaped root canals and vertical force was demonstrated (ρ=.490; P=0.003). \u0000Conclusions: The postgraduate with limited experience in rotary instrumentation had on average lowest values of vertical force as opposed to other two operators. However, these values increased with the number of shaped root canals.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.11
Ilaria La Prova, I. Perondi, S. Corbella, R. Fornara, S. Taschieri
Aim: To evaluate the influence of operator’s experience comparing rotary and reciprocating shaping systems on simulated root canals. Methodology: Ninety resin blocks with simulated root canals were distributed to six groups (15 for each group); three groups of instrumentation were assigned to undergraduate students and three to specialists in endodontics. For each category of experience, the shaping was performed with Protaper Gold™, Wave One Gold™ and Stainless-steel K-File (Control). Resin blocks were inked, then pre- and post-instrumentation photographic images were taken to be superimposed by an imaging software (GIMP 2.10.10) and analyzed by ImageJ software. After the use of each instrument, a rinse with NaOCl 2,5% was made. The outcomes evaluated were the presence of apical zip, ledges, perforation, the centering ability and the amount of resin removed. Results: The photographic analysis of the resin blocks showed a prevalence of apical zips within the undergraduate groups; the expert groups realized a higher number of ledges, while the number of perforations resulted to be higher in the inexpert Stainless-steel control group. The amount of resin removed was significantly higher in the undergraduate WOG group, as well as the centering ability. Conclusions: The rotary and reciprocating systems provides valid operative standards; by the way, inexpert operators showed major difficulties managing the reciprocating system. More studies are required to assess this parameter.
目的:比较旋转式和往复式根管成形系统对模拟根管成形的影响。方法:将90个模拟根管树脂块分为6组(每组15个);三组仪器被分配给本科生和三组牙髓学专家。对于每种类型的经验，都使用Protaper Gold™，Wave One Gold™和不锈钢K-File (Control)进行整形。树脂块上墨，取仪前和仪后摄影图像，用成像软件(GIMP 2.10.10)进行叠加，用ImageJ软件进行分析。每台仪器使用后，用2.5%的NaOCl冲洗。评估的结果是是否存在根尖压缩、边缘、穿孔、定心能力和去除的树脂量。结果:树脂块的摄影分析显示，在大学生群体中普遍存在根尖拉链;专家组实现的壁架数量较多，而非专家组的穿孔数量较多。大学生WOG组树脂去除量显著增加，定心能力显著提高。结论:旋转往复系统提供了有效的操作标准;顺便说一下，不专业的操作员在管理往复系统方面表现出很大的困难。需要更多的研究来评估这一参数。
{"title":"Influence of operator’s experience in three different instrumentation techniques: an in vitro study","authors":"Ilaria La Prova, I. Perondi, S. Corbella, R. Fornara, S. Taschieri","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the influence of operator’s experience comparing rotary and reciprocating shaping systems on simulated root canals. \u0000Methodology: Ninety resin blocks with simulated root canals were distributed to six groups (15 for each group); three groups of instrumentation were assigned to undergraduate students and three to specialists in endodontics. For each category of experience, the shaping was performed with Protaper Gold™, Wave One Gold™ and Stainless-steel K-File (Control). Resin blocks were inked, then pre- and post-instrumentation photographic images were taken to be superimposed by an imaging software (GIMP 2.10.10) and analyzed by ImageJ software. After the use of each instrument, a rinse with NaOCl 2,5% was made. The outcomes evaluated were the presence of apical zip, ledges, perforation, the centering ability and the amount of resin removed. \u0000Results: The photographic analysis of the resin blocks showed a prevalence of apical zips within the undergraduate groups; the expert groups realized a higher number of ledges, while the number of perforations resulted to be higher in the inexpert Stainless-steel control group. The amount of resin removed was significantly higher in the undergraduate WOG group, as well as the centering ability. \u0000Conclusions: The rotary and reciprocating systems provides valid operative standards; by the way, inexpert operators showed major difficulties managing the reciprocating system. More studies are required to assess this parameter.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.15
W. Nascimento, M. Montagner, Danilo de Luca Campos, J. P. Drumond, W. Maeda, M. Prado, A. de-Jesus-Soares, M. Frozoni
Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mechanical reduction of intracanal bacteria produced by the endodontic systems Reciproc Blue (VDW GmbH), XP-Endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire) and ProTaper Next (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) in severely curved canals by means of a molecular microbiological analysis. Methodology: A total of 42 severely curved mesiobuccal canals of human permanent mandibular molars were selected and prepared. Then, canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) by incubation during 21 days at 37 oC for formation of a mature biofilm. After that, contaminated specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=14): ProTaper Next (G1), XP-Endo Shaper (G2) and Reciproc Blue (G3). Microbial samples were obtained before (S1) and after root canal preparation (S2). Analyses of intracanal E. faecalis reduction was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the differences between groups was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: All systems presented effective bacterial reduction, but still had bacterial growth. No significant difference between the evaluated file systems was demonstrated (P>0.05). Conclusions: ProTaper Next, Reciproc Blue and XP-Endo Shaper presented similar mechanical reduction of intracanal bacteria. No file system was capable of rendering severely curved canals completely free from bacteria.
目的:本研究通过分子微生物分析评估了机械减少严重弯曲根管中由Reciproc Blue (VDW GmbH)， XP-Endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire)和ProTaper Next (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics)根管系统产生的根管内细菌的有效性。方法:选择42根严重弯曲的人下颌恒磨牙中颊根管，进行制备。然后，用粪肠球菌菌株(ATCC 29212)在37℃下孵育21天，形成成熟的生物膜。之后，将污染标本随机分为3组(n=14): ProTaper Next (G1)、XP-Endo Shaper (G2)和Reciproc Blue (G3)。分别在根管准备前(S1)和根管准备后(S2)采集微生物样本。采用定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)分析肛门内粪肠杆菌的减少情况，采用Kruskal-Wallis检验分析组间差异。显著性水平为P0.05)。结论:ProTaper Next、Reciproc Blue和XP-Endo Shaper对肛管内细菌的机械复位效果相似。没有任何文件系统能够使严重弯曲的管道完全没有细菌。
{"title":"Molecular Microbiological Analysis of ProTaper Next, XP-Endo Shaper and Reciproc Blue systems in severely curved canals","authors":"W. Nascimento, M. Montagner, Danilo de Luca Campos, J. P. Drumond, W. Maeda, M. Prado, A. de-Jesus-Soares, M. Frozoni","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mechanical reduction of intracanal bacteria produced by the endodontic systems Reciproc Blue (VDW GmbH), XP-Endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire) and ProTaper Next (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) in severely curved canals by means of a molecular microbiological analysis. \u0000Methodology: A total of 42 severely curved mesiobuccal canals of human permanent mandibular molars were selected and prepared. Then, canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) by incubation during 21 days at 37 oC for formation of a mature biofilm. After that, contaminated specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=14): ProTaper Next (G1), XP-Endo Shaper (G2) and Reciproc Blue (G3). Microbial samples were obtained before (S1) and after root canal preparation (S2). Analyses of intracanal E. faecalis reduction was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the differences between groups was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Significance level was set at P<0.05. \u0000Results: All systems presented effective bacterial reduction, but still had bacterial growth. No significant difference between the evaluated file systems was demonstrated (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: ProTaper Next, Reciproc Blue and XP-Endo Shaper presented similar mechanical reduction of intracanal bacteria. No file system was capable of rendering severely curved canals completely free from bacteria.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73469037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.22
V. Giuliani, Luca Di Nasso, D. Franceschi, A. Nizzardo, Daniele Scaminaci, G. Pagavino, R. Pace
Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare continuous wave with conform fit gutta-percha point and the core-carrier system with GuttaCore assessing the percentage of gutta-percha filled areas (PGFA), sealer filled areas (PSFA) and voids (PVA) in extracted teeth. Methodology: Seventy-five extracted single rooted premolars were assigned to 5 groups, groups A and C were shaped with WaveOne Gold medium, groups B and D with ProTaper Next X3, and group E with manual instruments #35 K-file. Obturations were managed with GuttaCore in groups A and C; with Conform fit gutta-percha points in groups B and D; and with ISO-sized 35 gutta-percha master cones and cold lateral compaction technique in group E. The teeth were sectioned at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex and for every section the percentages of gutta-percha and sealer filled, and void areas with respect to the total area were calculated. Data obtained were analysed for each variable at each level by using a one-way ANOVA with group as dependent variable (α=0.05). Multiple comparisons between the five experimental groups were conducted by using the Student’s t-test with Sidak alpha correction. Results: At all levels group E produced significantly less PGFA and higher PSFA and PVA than all the other experimental groups. At 2 mm from the apex, group A showed significantly higher PGFA than group C and a significantly lower PSFA than C and D. At 4 mm from the apex groups A and B produced significantly better results in terms of PGFA than groups C and D. The PSFA and PVA were significantly lower in group D with respect to groups A and B. PVA were statistically significant lower in group C than in group B. At 8 mm from the apex group A showed significantly higher PGFA than groups B and D, a significantly lower PSFA and PVA than group B. Conclusions: Independently of the instrument used for preparation (WaveOne gold versus ProTaper Next) Conform Fit point and GuttaCore produced very homogeneous obturations with high PGFA. The association of WaveOne Gold file system shaping and the GuttaCore obturation technique produced better results in terms of PGFA, PSFA and PVA than all the other techniques especially in the apical portion of the root canals. Manual instrumentation and the cold lateral obturation technique yield poor quality root canal obturations.
{"title":"Percentage of Gutta-percha filled area in canals shaped with Nickel-Titanium instruments and obturated with GuttaCore and Conform Fit gutta-percha cones","authors":"V. Giuliani, Luca Di Nasso, D. Franceschi, A. Nizzardo, Daniele Scaminaci, G. Pagavino, R. Pace","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare continuous wave with conform fit gutta-percha point and the core-carrier system with GuttaCore assessing the percentage of gutta-percha filled areas (PGFA), sealer filled areas (PSFA) and voids (PVA) in extracted teeth. Methodology: Seventy-five extracted single rooted premolars were assigned to 5 groups, groups A and C were shaped with WaveOne Gold medium, groups B and D with ProTaper Next X3, and group E with manual instruments #35 K-file. Obturations were managed with GuttaCore in groups A and C; with Conform fit gutta-percha points in groups B and D; and with ISO-sized 35 gutta-percha master cones and cold lateral compaction technique in group E. The teeth were sectioned at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex and for every section the percentages of gutta-percha and sealer filled, and void areas with respect to the total area were calculated. Data obtained were analysed for each variable at each level by using a one-way ANOVA with group as dependent variable (α=0.05). Multiple comparisons between the five experimental groups were conducted by using the Student’s t-test with Sidak alpha correction. Results: At all levels group E produced significantly less PGFA and higher PSFA and PVA than all the other experimental groups. At 2 mm from the apex, group A showed significantly higher PGFA than group C and a significantly lower PSFA than C and D. At 4 mm from the apex groups A and B produced significantly better results in terms of PGFA than groups C and D. The PSFA and PVA were significantly lower in group D with respect to groups A and B. PVA were statistically significant lower in group C than in group B. At 8 mm from the apex group A showed significantly higher PGFA than groups B and D, a significantly lower PSFA and PVA than group B. \u0000Conclusions: Independently of the instrument used for preparation (WaveOne gold versus ProTaper Next) Conform Fit point and GuttaCore produced very homogeneous obturations with high PGFA. The association of WaveOne Gold file system shaping and the GuttaCore obturation technique produced better results in terms of PGFA, PSFA and PVA than all the other techniques especially in the apical portion of the root canals. Manual instrumentation and the cold lateral obturation technique yield poor quality root canal obturations.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82822250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.16
G. L. Rosa, C. Scolaro, Giuseppe Leanza, Silvia Rapisarda, G. Isola, M. Cutroneo, L. Torrisi, E. Pedullá
Aim: To evaluate the surface tension and wetting ability (contact angle) of endodontic irrigants as 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without addition of surfactants. Methodology: Eighty halves of single-root teeth were randomly distributed into five groups (n=16) to investigate surface tension and wetting ability of: 5.25% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl containing surface-active agents (Hypoclean); 17% EDTA; 17% EDTA with surfactants (EDTA Plus) and freshly obtained distilled water MilliQ as the control group. The surface tension was calculated by the “pendant drop method” and the wettability of the surface by the “sessile drop method”. All measurements were taken at room temperature (20 °C). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The highest surface tension and the least wetting ability were observed for distilled water and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (p>0.05). EDTA with or without surfactants and Hypoclean showed a significant lower surface tension and a higher wetting ability than distilled water at room temperature (p 0.05). Conclusions: Addition of surfactant agents reduces the surface tension and increases the wetting ability of the sodium hypochlorite; surfactants did not affect surface tension and wetting ability of EDTA.
{"title":"Surface tension and wetting ability comparison of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with and without surfactants","authors":"G. L. Rosa, C. Scolaro, Giuseppe Leanza, Silvia Rapisarda, G. Isola, M. Cutroneo, L. Torrisi, E. Pedullá","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.16","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the surface tension and wetting ability (contact angle) of endodontic irrigants as 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without addition of surfactants. \u0000Methodology: Eighty halves of single-root teeth were randomly distributed into five groups (n=16) to investigate surface tension and wetting ability of: 5.25% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl containing surface-active agents (Hypoclean); 17% EDTA; 17% EDTA with surfactants (EDTA Plus) and freshly obtained distilled water MilliQ as the control group. The surface tension was calculated by the “pendant drop method” and the wettability of the surface by the “sessile drop method”. All measurements were taken at room temperature (20 °C). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). \u0000Results: The highest surface tension and the least wetting ability were observed for distilled water and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (p>0.05). EDTA with or without surfactants and Hypoclean showed a significant lower surface tension and a higher wetting ability than distilled water at room temperature (p 0.05). \u0000Conclusions: Addition of surfactant agents reduces the surface tension and increases the wetting ability of the sodium hypochlorite; surfactants did not affect surface tension and wetting ability of EDTA.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83435185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.14
T. I. Nathani, M. A. Muriel, Manuel Cabezas Morente, J. Nart, Fernando Durán-Sindreu Terol, F. A. Sans
Aim: The case report presents the management of two different pathologies, external cervical resorption (ECR) and cemental tear, in two different central incisors, owing to the same predisposing factor i.e. trauma from occlusion. Summary: A 53-year-old man was referred to the University Dental Clinic complaining of a pink spot that he noticed on his right maxillary central incisor. After thorough clinical and radiographic examination, including (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), revealed an external cervical resorption (ECR) classified as class 3Bp in tooth 11 and a probable cemental tear on tooth 21. A root canal treatment was performed on tooth 21 using a single master gutta-percha cone and a bioceramic sealer (Bioroot™ RCS). Subsequently, due to the extent of the ECR lesion, a combined internal and external approach was planned for tooth 11. The treatment consisted of raising a modified papilla preservation technique over the ECR lesion of tooth 11, followed by a complete rubber dam isolation, using trichloroacetic acid 90%, and blocking the canal with a single gutta-percha cone. The defect was then restored with a resin modified glass ionomer cement (Geristore®). A simplified papilla preservation technique was then extended to treat the cemental tear on tooth 21, within the same intervention, after which the root canal treatment for tooth 11 was completed. A 10-months follow-up examination showed a successful outcome of the apical radiolucency of tooth 21 with clinically stable gingival margins and no further evidence of ECR recurrence. Key learning points ECR and cemental tear can occur together owing to the same predisposing factor. CBCT proves to be an indispensable tool in the detection and extent of ECR and cemental tears. The case report also confirms the easy handling, favorable physical and biological properties of Geristore® cement to restore ECR cavities.
{"title":"Multidisciplinary management of an external cervical resorption and cemental tear","authors":"T. I. Nathani, M. A. Muriel, Manuel Cabezas Morente, J. Nart, Fernando Durán-Sindreu Terol, F. A. Sans","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The case report presents the management of two different pathologies, external cervical resorption (ECR) and cemental tear, in two different central incisors, owing to the same predisposing factor i.e. trauma from occlusion. \u0000Summary: A 53-year-old man was referred to the University Dental Clinic complaining of a pink spot that he noticed on his right maxillary central incisor. After thorough clinical and radiographic examination, including (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), revealed an external cervical resorption (ECR) classified as class 3Bp in tooth 11 and a probable cemental tear on tooth 21. A root canal treatment was performed on tooth 21 using a single master gutta-percha cone and a bioceramic sealer (Bioroot™ RCS). Subsequently, due to the extent of the ECR lesion, a combined internal and external approach was planned for tooth 11. The treatment consisted of raising a modified papilla preservation technique over the ECR lesion of tooth 11, followed by a complete rubber dam isolation, using trichloroacetic acid 90%, and blocking the canal with a single gutta-percha cone. The defect was then restored with a resin modified glass ionomer cement (Geristore®). A simplified papilla preservation technique was then extended to treat the cemental tear on tooth 21, within the same intervention, after which the root canal treatment for tooth 11 was completed. A 10-months follow-up examination showed a successful outcome of the apical radiolucency of tooth 21 with clinically stable gingival margins and no further evidence of ECR recurrence. \u0000Key learning points \u0000 \u0000ECR and cemental tear can occur together owing to the same predisposing factor. \u0000CBCT proves to be an indispensable tool in the detection and extent of ECR and cemental tears. \u0000The case report also confirms the easy handling, favorable physical and biological properties of Geristore® cement to restore ECR cavities.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.18
Bruna Neves Portugal, V. Leitune, Tiago André Fontoura de Melo
Aim: To evaluate the influence of the type of photosensitizing agent and the number of photodynamic therapy (PDT) sessions on the resistance of cemented fiberglass posts to displacement within the root canal. Methodology: Fifty bovine primary incisors were randomly divided into five experimental groups according to the type of photosensitizing agent and to the number of PDT sessions: CG without PDT (control); GF1M one PDT session with methylene blue; GF2M two PDT sessions with methylene blue; GF1T one PDT session with toluidine blue; and GF2T two PDT sessions with toluidine blue. Exacto® fiberglass posts were cemented with RelyX U200® in the root canal and kept for 15 days in distilled water. The specimens were sectioned with an average thickness of 1.56 mm at the cervical, middle, and apical root thirds and subjected to the push-out test. After the test, the fractured specimens were analyzed under a stereomicroscope to determine the fracture pattern. The data obtained were treated by one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Results: There was no statistical difference in the comparison of the proposed treatments and the analyzed root thirds (P>0.05). Conclusions: The type of photosensitizing agent used and the number of PDT sessions do not influence the resistance of cemented intraradicular fiberglass posts to displacement.
{"title":"Influence of photosensitizing agent and number of photodynamic therapy sessions on resistance of fiberglass posts to displacement within the canal","authors":"Bruna Neves Portugal, V. Leitune, Tiago André Fontoura de Melo","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the influence of the type of photosensitizing agent and the number of photodynamic therapy (PDT) sessions on the resistance of cemented fiberglass posts to displacement within the root canal. \u0000Methodology: Fifty bovine primary incisors were randomly divided into five experimental groups according to the type of photosensitizing agent and to the number of PDT sessions: CG without PDT (control); GF1M one PDT session with methylene blue; GF2M two PDT sessions with methylene blue; GF1T one PDT session with toluidine blue; and GF2T two PDT sessions with toluidine blue. Exacto® fiberglass posts were cemented with RelyX U200® in the root canal and kept for 15 days in distilled water. The specimens were sectioned with an average thickness of 1.56 mm at the cervical, middle, and apical root thirds and subjected to the push-out test. After the test, the fractured specimens were analyzed under a stereomicroscope to determine the fracture pattern. The data obtained were treated by one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). \u0000Results: There was no statistical difference in the comparison of the proposed treatments and the analyzed root thirds (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: The type of photosensitizing agent used and the number of PDT sessions do not influence the resistance of cemented intraradicular fiberglass posts to displacement.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80292064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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