Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.02.03
S. Saber, Sara Elbarrani Abdullah Eshkal, M. Nagy, C. Pirani
Aim: To determine the apical root surface strain (RSS) generated during shaping with thermally treated file NiTi systems, and its association with the development of apical microcracks. Methodology: Increased baseline RSS from strain accumulation during canal shaping was observed in both groups. The mean ± SD maximum RSS recorded with XPS and HCM were 165.71 ± 86.57, and 132.14 ± 97.26 respectively with no statistical difference between them (p>0.05). Post-instrumentation microcracks were observed in only two canals prepared by XPS (10%) versus one canal prepared by HCM (5%), and this difference was also statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The inter-evaluator reliability for microcrack detection using ESEM had a Kappa value of 0.98 (p<0.001), while the intra-evaluator reliability had a Kappa value of 0.99 (p<0.001). The maximum RSS obtained during canal shaping was poorly correlated with the number of microcracks found (R2=0.090). Results: Increased baseline RSS from strain accumulation during canal shaping was observed in both groups. The inter-evaluator reliability for microcrack detection using ESEM had a Kappa value of 0.98 (p<0.001), while the intra-evaluator reliability had a Kappa value of 0.99 (p<0.001). The maximum RSS obtained during canal shaping was poorly correlated with the number of microcracks found (R2=0.090). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, canal shaping by the two systems was confirmed to strain the tooth structure. However, the measured RSS was poorly correlated with the development of apical microcracks. Hence, from the clinical context, both systems can be safely used to prepare severely curved root canals.
{"title":"Correlation between root surface strain and apical micro-cracks produced during canal preparation with thermally treated single or multi-file NiTi systems","authors":"S. Saber, Sara Elbarrani Abdullah Eshkal, M. Nagy, C. Pirani","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the apical root surface strain (RSS) generated during shaping with thermally treated file NiTi systems, and its association with the development of apical microcracks. \u0000Methodology: Increased baseline RSS from strain accumulation during canal shaping was observed in both groups. The mean ± SD maximum RSS recorded with XPS and HCM were 165.71 ± 86.57, and 132.14 ± 97.26 respectively with no statistical difference between them (p>0.05). Post-instrumentation microcracks were observed in only two canals prepared by XPS (10%) versus one canal prepared by HCM (5%), and this difference was also statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The inter-evaluator reliability for microcrack detection using ESEM had a Kappa value of 0.98 (p<0.001), while the intra-evaluator reliability had a Kappa value of 0.99 (p<0.001). The maximum RSS obtained during canal shaping was poorly correlated with the number of microcracks found (R2=0.090). \u0000Results: Increased baseline RSS from strain accumulation during canal shaping was observed in both groups. The inter-evaluator reliability for microcrack detection using ESEM had a Kappa value of 0.98 (p<0.001), while the intra-evaluator reliability had a Kappa value of 0.99 (p<0.001). The maximum RSS obtained during canal shaping was poorly correlated with the number of microcracks found (R2=0.090). \u0000Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, canal shaping by the two systems was confirmed to strain the tooth structure. However, the measured RSS was poorly correlated with the development of apical microcracks. Hence, from the clinical context, both systems can be safely used to prepare severely curved root canals.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88209609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.05
M. Leite, C. Ferreira, F. D. A. Gomes, F. G. Pappen, T. Tedesco, A. Calvo, J. Imparato
The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth with incompletely formed roots is apexification with calcium hydroxide, which induces the formation of a hard tissue barrier at the apex, however, in the long term, this medicament may increase the brittleness of dentin walls because of its hygroscopic and proteolytic properties, in addition to the disadvantage of requiring multiple appointments. A treatment option for young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps is pulp regeneration, whose advantage lies in the stimulation of new tissue formation within the root canal. Pulp revascularization is based on the disinfection of the root canal system, often performed with irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments, accompanied by induction of periapical bleeding and formation of a blood clot that will fill the root canal. The aim of this study was to present a case of avulsion of teeth 11 and 21, both with open apices, treated with replantation associated with regenerative endodontic therapy, but varying the intracanal medicaments used: calcium hydroxide in tooth 11 and double antibiotic paste in tooth 21. Pulp revascularization proved to be effective with both intracanal medicaments used, promoting symptom resolution and complete root development, including apical closure, even in the absence of a well-defined clinical
{"title":"Regenerative endodontic treatment options for immature permanent teeth: a case report with 21-month follow-up","authors":"M. Leite, C. Ferreira, F. D. A. Gomes, F. G. Pappen, T. Tedesco, A. Calvo, J. Imparato","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth with incompletely formed roots is apexification with calcium hydroxide, which induces the formation of a hard tissue barrier at the apex, however, in the long term, this medicament may increase the brittleness of dentin walls because of its hygroscopic and proteolytic properties, in addition to the disadvantage of requiring multiple appointments. A treatment option for young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps is pulp regeneration, whose advantage lies in the stimulation of new tissue formation within the root canal. Pulp revascularization is based on the disinfection of the root canal system, often performed with irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments, accompanied by induction of periapical bleeding and formation of a blood clot that will fill the root canal. The aim of this study was to present a case of avulsion of teeth 11 and 21, both with open apices, treated with replantation associated with regenerative endodontic therapy, but varying the intracanal medicaments used: calcium hydroxide in tooth 11 and double antibiotic paste in tooth 21. Pulp revascularization proved to be effective with both intracanal medicaments used, promoting symptom resolution and complete root development, including apical closure, even in the absence of a well-defined clinical","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82720467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.15
G. Mergoni, M. Manfredi, P. Bertani, Tecla Ciociola, S. Conti, Laura Giovati
Aim: Current endodontic techniques are unable to fully eradicate intracanal bacteria. Thus, new agents that effectively eliminate endodontic pathogens are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of two synthetic peptides, namely KP and L18R, against planktonic cells and biofilms of the endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology:KP and L18R bactericidal activity against E. faecalisATCC 29212 was evaluated by colony forming unit assays and the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) was calculated. The effect of peptides on E. faecalis biofilm formation onto polystyrene plates was also assessed by the crystal violet assay. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis was carried out to compare the effects of KP, L18R, and a Ca(OH)2saturated solution in an in vitro model of dental infection consisting in 2-day-old E. faecalisbiofilms grown on hydroxyapatite disks. Results: Both KP and L18R showed strong bactericidal activity against planktonic E. faecalis. L18R proved to be 10-folds more effective than KP (KP and L18R EC50values = 4.520 × 10‑6 Mand 3.624 × 10-7 M, respectively). Peptides inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and L18R resulted more effective than KP.CLSM images showed that Ca(OH)2, KP and L18R remarkably impaired E. faecalis biofilms pre-grown on hydroxyapatite. Conclusions: KP and L18R effectively inhibited E. faecalis, both in planktonic and biofilm form. L18R demonstrated a more potent antibacterial activity than KP. These preliminary results suggest that antimicrobial peptides may represent a promising new strategy for endodontic infection control.
{"title":"Antibacterial effects of two synthetic peptides against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms: a preliminary in vitro study","authors":"G. Mergoni, M. Manfredi, P. Bertani, Tecla Ciociola, S. Conti, Laura Giovati","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Current endodontic techniques are unable to fully eradicate intracanal bacteria. Thus, new agents that effectively eliminate endodontic pathogens are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of two synthetic peptides, namely KP and L18R, against planktonic cells and biofilms of the endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. \u0000Methodology:KP and L18R bactericidal activity against E. faecalisATCC 29212 was evaluated by colony forming unit assays and the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) was calculated. The effect of peptides on E. faecalis biofilm formation onto polystyrene plates was also assessed by the crystal violet assay. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis was carried out to compare the effects of KP, L18R, and a Ca(OH)2saturated solution in an in vitro model of dental infection consisting in 2-day-old E. faecalisbiofilms grown on hydroxyapatite disks. \u0000Results: Both KP and L18R showed strong bactericidal activity against planktonic E. faecalis. L18R proved to be 10-folds more effective than KP (KP and L18R EC50values = 4.520 × 10‑6 Mand 3.624 × 10-7 M, respectively). Peptides inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and L18R resulted more effective than KP.CLSM images showed that Ca(OH)2, KP and L18R remarkably impaired E. faecalis biofilms pre-grown on hydroxyapatite. \u0000Conclusions: KP and L18R effectively inhibited E. faecalis, both in planktonic and biofilm form. L18R demonstrated a more potent antibacterial activity than KP. These preliminary results suggest that antimicrobial peptides may represent a promising new strategy for endodontic infection control.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89039367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.07
Edoardo Moccia, Giorgia Carpegna, Alessandro Dell'Acqua, M. Alovisi, A. Comba, D. Pasqualini, E. Berutti
Aim: To compare the quality of the tridimensional (3D) filling and the presence of radiographic translucencies after root canal obturation with three different techniques: warm vertical condensation, carrier-based and single cone with bioceramic sealer. Methodology: Thirty single-rooted human teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were selected. Glide path was performed with ProGlider and shaping with ProTaper Next (PTN) X1, X2 and X3 up to working length (WL). The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (N=10) for the final 3D filling step: Buchanan’s continuous wave of condensation (Group 1, G1), Thermafil® (Group 2, G2) or TotalFill® BC Points™ combined with TotalFill® BC Sealer (Group 3, G3). Micro-CT scans were performed after the obturation step and the slices were 3D reconstructed with standardized parameters. Afterwards, the filled area and the associated radiographic translucencies were computer-isolated, and their volumes were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Student-Newmann-Keuls (P<0,05). Results: The mean percentage of translucency areas in the warm vertical condensation group was 1,23%, whereas in the carrier-based group was 4,22% and in the single cone with bioceramic sealer group was 10,44%. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (P=0,029). Conclusion: All the obturation techniques provided an adequate 3D root canal filling. However, the null hypothesis of a superimposable 3D filling quality between groups was refused. The single cone technique with bioceramic sealer represented a viable clinical alternative, although it seemed more operator-dependent than the others. Key Words: bioceramic sealer, micro-CT, root canal obturation, root canal sealers volumetric distortion
目的:比较三种不同的技术:热垂直凝结、载体充填和单锥生物陶瓷充填对根管充填后三维充填质量和x线透光现象的影响。方法:选择30颗因牙周原因拔除的人单根牙。用ProGlider进行滑翔路径，用ProTaper Next (PTN) X1、X2和X3进行整形，直至工作长度(WL)。在最后的3D填充步骤中，将标本随机分为三组(N=10): Buchanan 's continuous wave of condensation(1组，G1)， Thermafil®(2组，G2)或TotalFill®BC Points™联合TotalFill®BC Sealer(3组，G3)。在封闭步骤完成后进行Micro-CT扫描，并对切片进行三维重建。然后，用计算机隔离填充区域和相关的x线透视片，并计算其体积。统计分析采用单因素方差分析和事后student - newman - keuls检验(P< 0.05)。结果:热垂直凝结组的平均半透明面积百分比为1.23%，载体组为4.22%，单锥生物陶瓷密封剂组为10.44%。两组间差异有统计学意义(P= 0.029)。结论:所有的充填技术都能提供足够的三维根管充填。然而，拒绝了组间三维填充质量重叠的零假设。单锥体技术与生物陶瓷密封剂代表了一种可行的临床替代方案，尽管它似乎比其他方法更依赖于操作者。关键词:生物陶瓷密封器，微ct，根管封闭，根管密封器体积畸变
{"title":"Evaluation of the root canal tridimensional filling with warm vertical condensation, carrier-based technique and single cone with bioceramic sealer: a micro-CT study","authors":"Edoardo Moccia, Giorgia Carpegna, Alessandro Dell'Acqua, M. Alovisi, A. Comba, D. Pasqualini, E. Berutti","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare the quality of the tridimensional (3D) filling and the presence of radiographic translucencies after root canal obturation with three different techniques: warm vertical condensation, carrier-based and single cone with bioceramic sealer. \u0000Methodology: Thirty single-rooted human teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were selected. Glide path was performed with ProGlider and shaping with ProTaper Next (PTN) X1, X2 and X3 up to working length (WL). The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (N=10) for the final 3D filling step: Buchanan’s continuous wave of condensation (Group 1, G1), Thermafil® (Group 2, G2) or TotalFill® BC Points™ combined with TotalFill® BC Sealer (Group 3, G3). \u0000Micro-CT scans were performed after the obturation step and the slices were 3D reconstructed with standardized parameters. Afterwards, the filled area and the associated radiographic translucencies were computer-isolated, and their volumes were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Student-Newmann-Keuls (P<0,05). \u0000Results: The mean percentage of translucency areas in the warm vertical condensation group was 1,23%, whereas in the carrier-based group was 4,22% and in the single cone with bioceramic sealer group was 10,44%. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (P=0,029). \u0000Conclusion: All the obturation techniques provided an adequate 3D root canal filling. However, the null hypothesis of a superimposable 3D filling quality between groups was refused. The single cone technique with bioceramic sealer represented a viable clinical alternative, although it seemed more operator-dependent than the others. \u0000Key Words: bioceramic sealer, micro-CT, root canal obturation, root canal sealers volumetric distortion","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90338961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.12
D. D. Nardo, G. Gambarini, G. Miccoli, S. Carlo, Giulia Iannarilli, Greta Lauria, M. Seracchiani, T. Khrenova, M. Bossù, L. Testarelli
Aim: Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two different sonic and ultrasonic devices in the elimination of debris from artificial main and accessory canals. Methodology: Two different irrigant activator devices were tested: the sonic handpiece EndoActivator (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) and the ultrasonic handpiece Ultra X (Eighteeth, Changzhou Sifary Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhou City, China). 18 artificial root canals were tested for each group: canals and lateral canals were embedded in a transparent resin model. Canals were filled with organic paste to simulate the organic pulp tissues. With both devices, irrigation was performed using 5% sodium hypoclorite and two activation times of 30 seconds each. Sodium hypochlorite was replaced every 30 seconds. After a photographic exam, debris removal was evaluated by a software and assessed in terms of percentage of cleaned canal. Means and standard deviations were calculated and data were statistically analyzed with the Anova test. Results: Under the same experimental conditions (same canal, time and irrigant), both sonic and ultrasonic devices completely cleaned the main canal. On the contrary, a statistically significant difference was noted in the debridement of lateral canals, with ultrasonic device removing more debris than the sonic one (p<0,05). No tested device was able to remove all debris from accessory canals. Conclusions: The cordless ultrasonic handpiece Ultra X used with maximum power showed significantly greater efficacy in cleaning accessory canals when compared to the sonic EndoActivator.
目的:本研究的目的是评估两种不同的声波和超声装置在消除人工主副管碎片中的效果。方法:对两种不同的冲洗激活装置进行了测试:超声手机EndoActivator (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland)和超声手机Ultra X (Eighteeth, Changzhou Sifary Medical Technology Co.， Ltd，中国常州)。每组18个人工根管:根管和侧根管包埋在透明树脂模型中。管内填充有机膏体模拟有机牙髓组织。这两种装置都使用5%的次氯酸钠进行灌溉，每次30秒的两次激活时间。次氯酸钠每30秒更换一次。在照相检查后，用软件评估碎片清除情况，并以清洁管道的百分比进行评估。计算均数和标准差，采用方差分析(Anova)对数据进行统计学分析。结果:在相同的实验条件下(同一根管、同一时间、同一灌洗剂)，超声和超声设备均能完全清洁主根管。相反，在侧管清创方面，超声装置比超声装置清除更多的碎片，差异有统计学意义(p< 0.05)。没有一种测试设备能够清除附属管中的所有碎片。结论:与超声EndoActivator相比，使用最大功率的无绳超声耳机Ultra X在清洁副管方面的效果显著提高。
{"title":"Sonic vs Ultrasonic activation of sodium hypoclorite for root canal treatments. In vitro assessment of debris removal from main and lateral canals","authors":"D. D. Nardo, G. Gambarini, G. Miccoli, S. Carlo, Giulia Iannarilli, Greta Lauria, M. Seracchiani, T. Khrenova, M. Bossù, L. Testarelli","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two different sonic and ultrasonic devices in the elimination of debris from artificial main and accessory canals. \u0000Methodology: Two different irrigant activator devices were tested: the sonic handpiece EndoActivator (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) and the ultrasonic handpiece Ultra X (Eighteeth, Changzhou Sifary Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhou City, China). 18 artificial root canals were tested for each group: canals and lateral canals were embedded in a transparent resin model. Canals were filled with organic paste to simulate the organic pulp tissues. With both devices, irrigation was performed using 5% sodium hypoclorite and two activation times of 30 seconds each. Sodium hypochlorite was replaced every 30 seconds. After a photographic exam, debris removal was evaluated by a software and assessed in terms of percentage of cleaned canal. Means and standard deviations were calculated and data were statistically analyzed with the Anova test. \u0000Results: Under the same experimental conditions (same canal, time and irrigant), both sonic and ultrasonic devices completely cleaned the main canal. On the contrary, a statistically significant difference was noted in the debridement of lateral canals, with ultrasonic device removing more debris than the sonic one (p<0,05). No tested device was able to remove all debris from accessory canals. \u0000Conclusions: The cordless ultrasonic handpiece Ultra X used with maximum power showed significantly greater efficacy in cleaning accessory canals when compared to the sonic EndoActivator.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83208245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.02
C. Pirani, A. Spinelli, C. Marchetti, M. Gandolfi, F. Zamparini, C. Prati, G. Pellegrino
Aim: the aim of this technical note was to evaluate the potential application of dynamic navigation for a minimally invasive finding of the root canal. Methodology: extracted human teeth were fixed into a prefabricated phantom model in place of the correspondent teeth and pre-operatively scanned with the marker plate containing the fiducial markers with a cone beam computed tomography, imported on the ImplaNav software (ImplaNav, BresMedical, Sydney, Australia) and obtaining a 3D reconstruction. Open access cavity was performed with a diamond bur in using real-time navigation. This procedure was aimed to directly identify the pulp horns and the root canal entrances with a unique hole for each canal. Results: all access cavities were prepared according to a minimally invasive endodontics approach with the dynamically guided ImplaNav software. No perforations occurred and all the canals were successfully located. Conclusions: our results demonstrated a possible application of this technology in minimal finding of root canals. This protocol may have potentialities in teaching dental students to start their approach in endodontic field.
{"title":"Use of dynamic navigation for a minimal invasive finding of root canals: a technical note","authors":"C. Pirani, A. Spinelli, C. Marchetti, M. Gandolfi, F. Zamparini, C. Prati, G. Pellegrino","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: the aim of this technical note was to evaluate the potential application of dynamic navigation for a minimally invasive finding of the root canal. \u0000Methodology: extracted human teeth were fixed into a prefabricated phantom model in place of the correspondent teeth and pre-operatively scanned with the marker plate containing the fiducial markers with a cone beam computed tomography, imported on the ImplaNav software (ImplaNav, BresMedical, Sydney, Australia) and obtaining a 3D reconstruction. Open access cavity was performed with a diamond bur in using real-time navigation. This procedure was aimed to directly identify the pulp horns and the root canal entrances with a unique hole for each canal. \u0000Results: all access cavities were prepared according to a minimally invasive endodontics approach with the dynamically guided ImplaNav software. No perforations occurred and all the canals were successfully located. \u0000Conclusions: our results demonstrated a possible application of this technology in minimal finding of root canals. This protocol may have potentialities in teaching dental students to start their approach in endodontic field.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80677648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.13
S. Rengo
In the present issue we collected the most interesting and recent themes focused on the macro-topic of prevention and treatment of infections. The editorial choice is focused on the SIE (Italian Society of Endodontics) position statement about asepsis that suggests the main guidelines that should be adopted during the different phases of endodontic treatments, aiming at minimizing the risk of contamination of the root canal system. The discussed topic is strongly influenced by the event that, dramatically, is affecting our private practice, social as well as relational life. Indeed, in the last months of 2019, the Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2), better known as COVID-19, had been developed first in China then worldwide. This syndrome, characterized by a high infection and lack of resolved treatments, had been defined as “pandemic” on March 11th, 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO), becoming the second pandemic of this century.
{"title":"Covid-19 and prevention in Endodontics","authors":"S. Rengo","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.13","url":null,"abstract":"In the present issue we collected the most interesting and recent themes focused on the macro-topic of prevention and treatment of infections. The editorial choice is focused on the SIE (Italian Society of Endodontics) position statement about asepsis that suggests the main guidelines that should be adopted during the different phases of endodontic treatments, aiming at minimizing the risk of contamination of the root canal system. \u0000The discussed topic is strongly influenced by the event that, dramatically, is affecting our private practice, social as well as relational life. Indeed, in the last months of 2019, the Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2), better known as COVID-19, had been developed first in China then worldwide. This syndrome, characterized by a high infection and lack of resolved treatments, had been defined as “pandemic” on March 11th, 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO), becoming the second pandemic of this century.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85713780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.14
Linda Quero, G. Schianchi, F. Obino, M. Galli, L. Testarelli, G. Gambarini
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the root canal configuration in mandibular central and lateral incisors in vivo using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in an European population. Methodology: A total of 500 mandibular lateral incisors from 250 patients were examined using CBCT imaging, previously taken for diagnosis and treatment. The number of roots, root canal system configuration, presence of apical confluences, distance between confluences and radiographic root end, symmetry between left and right elements were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: All the examinated teeth presented only one root. Conclusions: The percentage of Vertucci type II configuration was higher than expected, being more frequent than type II. Other configurations were present but rare.
{"title":"Root canal morphology of lower lateral incisors: a CBCT in vivo study","authors":"Linda Quero, G. Schianchi, F. Obino, M. Galli, L. Testarelli, G. Gambarini","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the root canal configuration in mandibular central and lateral incisors in vivo using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in an European population. \u0000Methodology: A total of 500 mandibular lateral incisors from 250 patients were examined using CBCT imaging, previously taken for diagnosis and treatment. The number of roots, root canal system configuration, presence of apical confluences, distance between confluences and radiographic root end, symmetry between left and right elements were recorded and statistically analyzed. \u0000Results: All the examinated teeth presented only one root. \u0000Conclusions: The percentage of Vertucci type II configuration was higher than expected, being more frequent than type II. Other configurations were present but rare.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72434298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.03
Sara Alemam, Shaimaa Abuelsadat, S. Saber, T. Elsewify
Aim: To compare the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CBCT imaging and two dimensional periapical radiography in detection of separated intracanal endodontic instruments with and without root canal filling. Methodology: Eighty (n=80) extracted mandibular molars were randomly divided into four groups (n=20); control, fracture/non-filled, non-fracture/ filled, and fracture/filled. Molars were placed in a mandible for imaging. Conventional 2D radiography using D-speed periapical film (SKYDENT, Slovak Republic), semidirect digital radiographs using Soredex Digora Optime system (DIGORAOptime, Soredex, Finland), and cone beam computed tomography using Gendex-GXDP 800 (GENDEX GXDP-800 Kavo, Germany) were acquired. An artifact reduction algorithm was applied. Images were evaluated by three blinded examiners (two endodontists and one radiologist). Qualitative examination for the presence/absence of separated instrument was performed according to a 5-point rank scale (1, definitely absent; 2, probably absent; 3, uncertainty; 4, probably present; and 5, definitely present). Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as well as inter-observer reliability. Statistical analysis was performed and significance level was set at 5%. Results: Non-filled groups showed no significant difference between all three tested imaging modalities. Filled groups showed statistically decreased accuracy and sensitivity of CBCT. Good inter-observer agreement was shown. Conclusion: Conventional 2D radiography is a good tool for detection of intracanal separated instruments in filled canals.
{"title":"Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of three imaging modalities in detection of separated intracanal instruments","authors":"Sara Alemam, Shaimaa Abuelsadat, S. Saber, T. Elsewify","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CBCT imaging and two dimensional periapical radiography in detection of separated intracanal endodontic instruments with and without root canal filling. \u0000Methodology: Eighty (n=80) extracted mandibular molars were randomly divided into four groups (n=20); control, fracture/non-filled, non-fracture/ filled, and fracture/filled. Molars were placed in a mandible for imaging. Conventional 2D radiography using D-speed periapical film (SKYDENT, Slovak Republic), semidirect digital radiographs using Soredex Digora Optime system (DIGORAOptime, Soredex, Finland), and cone beam computed tomography using Gendex-GXDP 800 (GENDEX GXDP-800 Kavo, Germany) were acquired. An artifact reduction algorithm was applied. Images were evaluated by three blinded examiners (two endodontists and one radiologist). Qualitative examination for the presence/absence of separated instrument was performed according to a 5-point rank scale (1, definitely absent; 2, probably absent; 3, uncertainty; 4, probably present; and 5, definitely present). Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as well as inter-observer reliability. Statistical analysis was performed and significance level was set at 5%. \u0000Results: Non-filled groups showed no significant difference between all three tested imaging modalities. Filled groups showed statistically decreased accuracy and sensitivity of CBCT. Good inter-observer agreement was shown. \u0000Conclusion: Conventional 2D radiography is a good tool for detection of intracanal separated instruments in filled canals.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81004972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.09
Laís Dornelles Bianchini, B. M. Vetromilla, J. Skupien, C. Soares, T. Pereira-Cenci
Aim: This systematic review aimed to answer what is the best way to remove prefabricated metallic, fiber or cast metal posts. Methodology: An electronic search was conducted in Medline and Scopus databases to identify clinical and in vitro studies that assessed post removal techniques from 1950 to October 2018. Tables were generated to summarize the included studies and reports were assessed for bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the force necessary to remove posts (α=5%). Results: Of the 2,951 studies identified in the initial search, 33 were selected. The duration of using ultrasonic vibrations (and the number of surfaces where the vibration was applied) led to less time spent and less force needed to dislodge a metal post. Dentist’s expertise (more than 10 years) was also related to easier post removal. The use of adhesive cements resulted in a more difficult protocol for post removal. Conclusions: Although there is need for more consistent results, the data summarized and meta-analysis points toward the use of ultrasonic energy as the first option to remove posts, with best results for metal posts.
{"title":"Post removal techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Laís Dornelles Bianchini, B. M. Vetromilla, J. Skupien, C. Soares, T. Pereira-Cenci","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This systematic review aimed to answer what is the best way to remove prefabricated metallic, fiber or cast metal posts. \u0000Methodology: An electronic search was conducted in Medline and Scopus databases to identify clinical and in vitro studies that assessed post removal techniques from 1950 to October 2018. Tables were generated to summarize the included studies and reports were assessed for bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the force necessary to remove posts (α=5%). \u0000Results: Of the 2,951 studies identified in the initial search, 33 were selected. The duration of using ultrasonic vibrations (and the number of surfaces where the vibration was applied) led to less time spent and less force needed to dislodge a metal post. Dentist’s expertise (more than 10 years) was also related to easier post removal. The use of adhesive cements resulted in a more difficult protocol for post removal. \u0000Conclusions: Although there is need for more consistent results, the data summarized and meta-analysis points toward the use of ultrasonic energy as the first option to remove posts, with best results for metal posts.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87058501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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