This article deals with changes to the system of local and regional self-government in Croatia between 2003 and 2017. For the most part, reform efforts, excluding some positive developments with regard to the promotion of the democratic principles of governance, have not been successful. The article addresses the question of how to theoretically account for these changes. The aim is to offer an understanding of reform failure by focussing on the preceding processes. The article begins by establishing that reform efforts in the existing literature on Croatian local- and middle-level government reorganisation have predominantly been explained either by means of the rational-instrumental perspective or the power and conflict perspective. The former argues that reorganisation outcomes are a product of rational decision-makers, who in the early 1990s and afterwards sought to, for one reason or another, establish centralistic administration of public affairs. The latter, on the other hand, proposes that the current local- and middle-level government structure is a direct reflection of the power structure of the current constellation of political actors. The article goes on to suggest that, at least in part, changes made to the system can be attributed to the garbage can model of decision-making. This is due to the fact that participation in the decision-making arena throughout this period was fluid, the decision-makers’ attention scarce and their goals ambiguous, and the definitions of the problems unclear.
{"title":"Explaining Local Self-Government Reorganisation in Croatia","authors":"M. Menger","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.19.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.19.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with changes to the system of local and regional self-government in Croatia between 2003 and 2017. For the most part, reform efforts, excluding some positive developments with regard to the promotion of the democratic principles of governance, have not been successful. The article addresses the question of how to theoretically account for these changes. The aim is to offer an understanding of reform failure by focussing on the preceding processes. The article begins by establishing that reform efforts in the existing literature on Croatian local- and middle-level government reorganisation have predominantly been explained either by means of the rational-instrumental perspective or the power and conflict perspective. The former argues that reorganisation outcomes are a product of rational decision-makers, who in the early 1990s and afterwards sought to, for one reason or another, establish centralistic administration of public affairs. The latter, on the other hand, proposes that the current local- and middle-level government structure is a direct reflection of the power structure of the current constellation of political actors. The article goes on to suggest that, at least in part, changes made to the system can be attributed to the garbage can model of decision-making. This is due to the fact that participation in the decision-making arena throughout this period was fluid, the decision-makers’ attention scarce and their goals ambiguous, and the definitions of the problems unclear.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31297/HKJU.19.1.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many Western-based theories of public administration have had some traction in the Chinese setting. However, they also point to the importance of context and the need to ensure that the theory is relevant to the setting. In this regard, theory needs to be both clearly developed and there are various routes that can be taken. In this article, I share with readers some of my thoughts emanating from my teaching and research over the past two decades, namely, inspiration from the development of public administration in the West for studies of public administration in China. The two analytical lenses that I use for this article are the five essential attributes of public administration and the instrumental and value rationalities as the fundamental nature of the various schools of thought in the development of public administration in the West. The five essential attributes refer to core value, assumptions about human nature, methodology, government role, and disciplinary positioning. They serve as references for my review of the field of public administration in China. Over the last four decades, public administration research in China has resulted in the restoration of the discipline, the flourishing of teaching and research programmes, and active exchanges with colleagues around the world. However, Chinese public administration is facing an “identity crisis”. Chinese scholars have become used to playing the role of consumers of imported concepts, theories, and methods. At this stage it is urgent that they develop their own unique paradigm, including concepts, theories, and methodologies, and contribute to the progress of the whole discipline. The goal of forming their own theoretical framework is urging our Chinese colleagues to challenge themselves to consciously engage in independent theoretical thought. More specifically, they should try to keep abreast of the theoretical developments in the West and lay emphasis on cutting-edge research, avoid not seeing the forest for the trees, and practise timely adoption of dominant theories.
{"title":"Inspiration from the Development of Public Administration in the West for Studies of Public Administration in China","authors":"Lisheng Dong","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.19.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.19.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Many Western-based theories of public administration have had some traction in the Chinese setting. However, they also point to the importance of context and the need to ensure that the theory is relevant to the setting. In this regard, theory needs to be both clearly developed and there are various routes that can be taken. In this article, I share with readers some of my thoughts emanating from my teaching and research over the past two decades, namely, inspiration from the development of public administration in the West for studies of public administration in China. The two analytical lenses that I use for this article are the five essential attributes of public administration and the instrumental and value rationalities as the fundamental nature of the various schools of thought in the development of public administration in the West. The five essential attributes refer to core value, assumptions about human nature, methodology, government role, and disciplinary positioning. They serve as references for my review of the field of public administration in China. Over the last four decades, public administration research in China has resulted in the restoration of the discipline, the flourishing of teaching and research programmes, and active exchanges with colleagues around the world. However, Chinese public administration is facing an “identity crisis”. Chinese scholars have become used to playing the role of consumers of imported concepts, theories, and methods. At this stage it is urgent that they develop their own unique paradigm, including concepts, theories, and methodologies, and contribute to the progress of the whole discipline. The goal of forming their own theoretical framework is urging our Chinese colleagues to challenge themselves to consciously engage in independent theoretical thought. More specifically, they should try to keep abreast of the theoretical developments in the West and lay emphasis on cutting-edge research, avoid not seeing the forest for the trees, and practise timely adoption of dominant theories.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31297/HKJU.19.1.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42667863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Politički savjetnici obilježje su suvremene državne uprave. Predstavljaju osobe koje temeljem imenovanja prema nedefiniranim kriterijima pružaju savjete ministru ili premijeru u pogledu javnih politika, političkih aspekata i koordinacije ili odnosa s javnošću. Dolaze i odlaze s ministrom, a njihov je status u pravilu nejednako reguliran u pojedinim državama, ako je uopće i reguliran. Javljaju se zbog promjena u upravljanju, potrebe za jačanjem koordinacije, vodstva i strategije kao i odgovora na intenziviranje komunikacija. Dovode do promjena u odnosu između politike i uprave u državnoj upravi, a osnovne zamjerke i nepovjerenje javnosti proizlaze iz netransparentnosti, izostanka regulacije i nedostatka odgovornosti. U radu se razmatraju razlozi zbog kojih politički savjetnici postaju neizostavan dio ministarskih kabineta, analiziraju se pojam, vrste i funkcije političkih savjetnika te opisuju posljedice i ključni elementi koncepta. Naglašava se važnost uređenja statusa političkih savjetnika i transparentnosti radi osiguravanja ostvarivanja javnog interesa i povjerenja javnosti u institucije.
政治顾问是当代的公共行政部门。代表根据未明确的标准就公共政策、政治方面、协调或公共关系向部长或总理提供建议的人员。他们和部长一起来来去去，在某些国家，如果有人监管的话，他们的身份也没有得到适当的监管。Javljaju se zbog promjena u upravljanju，potrebe za jačanjem koordinacije，vodstvai strategije kao i odgovora na intentiziviranje komunikacija。国家行政部门的政策和行政之间的这种变化，以及不透明、缺乏监管和缺乏责任造成的基本障碍和公众的怀疑。讨论了政治顾问成为部长内阁组成部分的原因，分析了政治顾问的概念、性质和功能，并描述了这一概念的后果和关键要素。它强调了管理政治顾问地位和透明度的重要性，以确保现实利益和公众对这些机构的信心。
{"title":"Politički savjetnici između politike i uprave","authors":"Anamarija Musa","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.18.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.18.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Politički savjetnici obilježje su suvremene državne uprave.\u0000Predstavljaju osobe koje temeljem imenovanja prema nedefiniranim kriterijima pružaju savjete ministru ili premijeru u pogledu javnih politika, političkih aspekata i koordinacije ili odnosa s javnošću. Dolaze i odlaze s ministrom, a njihov je status u pravilu nejednako reguliran u pojedinim državama, ako je uopće i reguliran. Javljaju se zbog promjena u upravljanju, potrebe za jačanjem koordinacije, vodstva\u0000i strategije kao i odgovora na intenziviranje komunikacija.\u0000Dovode do promjena u odnosu između politike i uprave u državnoj upravi, a osnovne zamjerke i nepovjerenje javnosti proizlaze iz netransparentnosti, izostanka regulacije i nedostatka odgovornosti. U radu se razmatraju razlozi zbog kojih politički savjetnici postaju neizostavan dio ministarskih kabineta, analiziraju se pojam, vrste i funkcije političkih savjetnika te opisuju posljedice i ključni elementi koncepta. Naglašava se važnost uređenja statusa političkih\u0000savjetnika i transparentnosti radi osiguravanja ostvarivanja\u0000javnog interesa i povjerenja javnosti u institucije.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44111208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although effectiveness and efficiency are old comrades of public administrations, they still often cause unintended consequences. The relation between (absent) effectiveness and (overly emphasised) efficiency remains unresolved. The paper shows that effectiveness and efficiency are still used interchangeably, and despite the presence of negative effects, it comes as a surprise that important documents still address these terms without procedure or methodology to provide the content whereby they could be more clearly elaborated. Not only is the goal to achieve clearer meaning, but to accomplish results with the fewest possible negative effects. Alongside different management reforms, decision-makers must not lose sight of the whole; all reforms are only specific answers to inadequate previous ones, and it could be valuable to take a step back to see how/why different reforms emerge. The paper addresses the success/failure of reforms and the outcomes thereof. It claims the core problem of rational decision-making lies not in rationality per se, but in a lack of concept and/or insufficient attention to the behaviour of complex adaptive systems. With the help of complex adaptive systems, cybernetics, and combinations of effectiveness and efficiency, the paper presents the essential elements for adaptive (human) decision-making (such as diversity, variation, selection, adaptation, and integration) as the framework whereby unintended, reverse, and neutral effects can be reduced. New rules/decisions should be based on different levels of planning and adaptation, and on moving from the general to the more specific, in accordance with context specificity and unplanned, emergent things. It seems the hardest thing to address is the human character that does not (want to) recognise a situation as the situation in which some things must be spotted, evaluated, and changed if needed.
{"title":"Public Reform Paradoxes and the Old Effectiveness–Efficiency Problem","authors":"Mirko Pečarič","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.18.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.18.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Although effectiveness and efficiency are old comrades of public administrations, they still often cause unintended consequences. The relation between (absent) effectiveness and (overly emphasised) efficiency remains unresolved. The paper shows that effectiveness and efficiency are still used interchangeably, and despite the presence of negative effects, it comes as a surprise that important documents\u0000still address these terms without procedure or methodology to provide the content whereby they could be more clearly elaborated. Not only is the goal to achieve clearer meaning, but to accomplish results with the fewest possible negative effects. Alongside different management reforms, decision-makers must not lose sight of the whole; all reforms are only specific answers to inadequate previous ones, and it could be valuable to take a step back to see how/why different reforms emerge. The paper addresses the success/failure of reforms and the outcomes thereof. It claims the core problem of rational decision-making lies not in rationality per se, but in a lack of concept and/or insufficient attention to the behaviour of complex adaptive systems. With the help of complex adaptive systems, cybernetics, and combinations of effectiveness and efficiency, the paper presents the essential elements for adaptive (human) decision-making (such as diversity, variation, selection, adaptation, and integration) as the framework whereby unintended, reverse, and neutral effects can be reduced. New rules/decisions should be based on different levels of planning and adaptation, and on moving from the general to the more specific, in accordance with context specificity and unplanned, emergent things. It seems the hardest thing to address is the human character that does not (want to) recognise a situation as the situation in which some things must be spotted, evaluated, and changed if needed.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31297/HKJU.18.4.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with performance of administrative units as one of the key goals of contemporary public administration reform. Administrative units conduct administrative procedures as their core activity, thus ensuring the protection of the public interest and of individual parties’ rights. The purpose of this article is to determine the efficiency of administrative units in terms of resources and sectoral areas by using selected indicators from administrative statistics, such as the number of applications submitted and decisions issued, the timeframe of decision-making, the share and success of complaints filed, and the like. The administrative statistics used in this article incorporate 58 general administrative units in Slovenia in the period 2004–2015 and provide a case study that may also be relevant for the Eastern European region. Several social research methods are used: a literature review and a normative analysis as a framework for statistical research, as well as the axiological-deontological method to evaluate the situation and suggest improvements. The analysis of time series and correlations of selected indicators from administrative statistics reveal mixed trends over time, including a negative correlation between the number of officials and efficiency. In general, the question is whether the system currently in use to measure efficiency generates the most reliable outcomes. Therefore, the authors call for a redefinition of monitoring and of the indicators of administrative statistics in the European Union in order to enhance good public governance principles, particularly in developing democracies.
{"title":"Performance of Authorities in Administrative Procedures","authors":"Polona Kovač, Ž. Kotnik","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.18.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.18.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with performance of administrative units as one of the key goals of contemporary public administration reform. Administrative units conduct administrative procedures as their core activity, thus ensuring the protection of the public interest and of individual parties’ rights. The purpose of this article is to determine the efficiency of administrative units in terms of resources and sectoral areas by using selected indicators from administrative statistics, such as the number of applications submitted and decisions issued, the timeframe of decision-making, the share and success of complaints filed, and the like. The administrative statistics used in this article incorporate 58 general administrative units in Slovenia in the period 2004–2015 and provide a case study that may also be relevant for the Eastern European region. Several social research methods are used: a literature review and a normative analysis as a framework for statistical research, as well as the axiological-deontological method to evaluate the situation and suggest improvements. The analysis of time series and correlations of selected indicators from administrative statistics reveal mixed trends\u0000over time, including a negative correlation between the number of officials and efficiency. In general, the question is whether the system currently in use to measure efficiency generates the most reliable outcomes. Therefore, the authors call for a redefinition of monitoring and of the indicators of administrative statistics in the European Union in order to enhance good public governance principles, particularly in developing democracies.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sud Europske unije odlučivao je o predmetu u kojem se postavilo pitanje primjenjivosti nacionalnih propisa kojima se obveza neizravnog financiranja domaćeg sustava socijalnog osiguranja nameće poreznim rezidentima države članice koji su obveznici sustava socijalnog osiguranja Europske unije. Uz prikaz pravila o koordinaciji sustava socijalne sigurnosti u Uniji i analizu argumentacija kojom se Sud vodio pri davanju odgovora na postavljeno prethodno pitanje, u radu se daje sustavni pregled pravnog uređenja statusa službenika europskih institucija te razmatraju implikacije koje ta pravna pravila imaju za pravne sustave država članica.
{"title":"Socijalni doprinosi službenika Europske unije","authors":"I. Božac","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.18.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.18.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Sud Europske unije odlučivao je o predmetu u kojem se postavilo pitanje primjenjivosti nacionalnih propisa kojima se obveza neizravnog financiranja domaćeg sustava socijalnog osiguranja nameće poreznim rezidentima države članice koji su obveznici sustava socijalnog osiguranja Europske unije. Uz prikaz pravila o koordinaciji sustava socijalne sigurnosti\u0000u Uniji i analizu argumentacija kojom se Sud vodio pri davanju odgovora na postavljeno prethodno pitanje, u radu se daje sustavni pregled pravnog uređenja statusa službenika europskih institucija te razmatraju implikacije koje ta pravna pravila imaju za pravne sustave država članica.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31297/HKJU.18.4.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ružica Šimić Banović, Martina Basarac Sertić, V. Vučković
This article compares the applicability of both the gradual and the shock therapy approach to reform implementation in large-scale change. Using quantitative data, it aims to provide more evidence for the lessons learned from post-socialist transformation. Hence it adds a theoretical and an empirical contribution to the body of literature on great transformations, focusing on their speed and the acceptability of related policy solutions. Despite the predominant inclination towards the gradualist approach to reforms in the initial transition years, economic indicators suggest that the big bang reformers have demonstrated a superior performance over the last (few) decade(s). Still, the approach to (post-)transition processes should be multidimensional and include more than the speed of transformation and key economic indicators. Therefore, a quantitative analysis covers several aspects of socioeconomic change. The analysis of the quality of democracy, market economy, and management performance in post-socialist EU member states indicates that over the last decade the countries that applied the shock therapy approach have performed significantly better in all these areas. This suggests that slow reformers are lagging behind in the development of democratic institutions and a modern market economy, and presumably have insufficient capacities to rapidly catch up with fast reformers. Further research on this topic should tackle the deep roots of socioeconomic development and path-dependent choices (reform speed included), proximity to Western countries, the possible effects of other specific circumstances (such as war), the importance of selected institutions on the performance of post-socialist non-EU member states, and other limitations.
{"title":"The Speed of Large-Scale Transformation of Political and Economic Institutions","authors":"Ružica Šimić Banović, Martina Basarac Sertić, V. Vučković","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.18.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.18.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares the applicability of both the gradual and the shock therapy approach to reform implementation in large-scale change. Using quantitative data, it aims to provide more evidence for the lessons learned from post-socialist transformation. Hence it adds a theoretical and an empirical contribution to the body of literature on great transformations, focusing on their speed and the\u0000acceptability of related policy solutions. Despite the predominant inclination towards the gradualist approach to reforms in the initial transition years, economic indicators suggest that the big\u0000bang reformers have demonstrated a superior performance over the last (few) decade(s). Still, the approach to (post-)transition processes should be multidimensional and include more than the speed of transformation and key economic indicators. Therefore, a quantitative analysis covers several aspects of socioeconomic change. The analysis of the quality of democracy, market economy, and management performance in post-socialist EU member states indicates that over\u0000the last decade the countries that applied the shock therapy approach have performed significantly better in all these areas. This suggests that slow reformers are lagging behind in the development of democratic institutions and a modern market economy, and presumably have insufficient capacities to rapidly catch up with fast reformers.\u0000Further research on this topic should tackle the deep roots of socioeconomic development and path-dependent choices (reform speed included), proximity to Western countries, the possible effects of other specific circumstances (such as war), the importance of selected institutions on the performance of post-socialist non-EU member states, and other limitations.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49467628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predmet rada je zapošljavanje u javnoj upravi u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji s obzirom na kriterije ugarsko-hrvatskog državljanstva i hrvatsko-slavonske pripadnosti u nagodbenom razdoblju. Problematizira se teza hrvatskih javnopravnih teoretičara na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće o tome da je hrvatsko-slavonska pripadnost bila temeljni kriterij za zapošljavanje u javnoj upravi. U radu se dokazuje da u nizu upravnih područja hrvatsko-slavonska pripadnost nije uspostavljena kao temeljni kriterij za zapošljavanje, nego su temeljni kriteriji bili ugarsko-hrvatsko državljanstvo te znanje hrvatskog jezika. Stoga je osnovni zaključak rada da je poznavanje hrvatskog jezika, a ne hrvatsko-slavonska pripadnost, bila brana većem zapošljavanju mađarskih činovnika i službenika u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji. Iznimka od toga bilo je zapošljavanje na državnim željeznicama na kojima je upotreba mađarskog jezika bila izražena te je to bilo razlog zapošljavanja većeg broja ugarskih pripadnika u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji.
{"title":"Zapošljavanje u javnoj upravi u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji (1868. – 1918.) s obzirom na državljanstvo i hrvatsko – slavonsku pripadnost","authors":"Ivan Kosnica","doi":"10.31297/hkju.18.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.18.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Predmet rada je zapošljavanje u javnoj upravi u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji s obzirom na kriterije ugarsko-hrvatskog državljanstva i hrvatsko-slavonske pripadnosti u nagodbenom razdoblju. Problematizira se teza hrvatskih javnopravnih teoretičara na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće o tome da je hrvatsko-slavonska pripadnost bila temeljni kriterij za zapošljavanje u javnoj upravi. U radu se dokazuje da u nizu upravnih\u0000područja hrvatsko-slavonska pripadnost nije uspostavljena kao temeljni kriterij za zapošljavanje, nego su temeljni kriteriji bili ugarsko-hrvatsko državljanstvo te znanje hrvatskog jezika. Stoga je osnovni zaključak rada da je poznavanje hrvatskog jezika, a ne hrvatsko-slavonska pripadnost, bila brana većem zapošljavanju mađarskih činovnika i službenika u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji. Iznimka od toga bilo je zapošljavanje\u0000na državnim željeznicama na kojima je upotreba mađarskog jezika bila izražena te je to bilo razlog zapošljavanja većeg broja ugarskih pripadnika u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42474722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poland is currently experiencing a transition with regard to migration trends. Foreign immigration, perceived until recently as a secondary issue by public administration, is on the increase. The largest groups of immigrants have traditionally included Ukrainians and the Vietnamese, although the country has not experienced a significant influx of foreigners arriving from Middle East and African countries. At present, Poland has no migration policy document in force and integrative actions are undertaken mostly by local governments, typically on an ad hoc basis. As Poland’s capital city, Warsaw plays a key role in governing diversity and implementing integrative actions. Significant challenges to immigrant integration include barriers to settlement and discrimination on the labour and housing market, along with a substantial rise in negative attitudes towards foreigners amongst members of Polish society. It is mainly this last aspect that is addressed by Warsaw’s local government, which prioritises educational and awareness-raising measures. It must be acknowledged that this is done in close cooperation with the non-governmental sector, where organisations with expertise in relevant fields are commissioned to perform many tasks. The main challenge of integrative actions at the local level is that these are mostly incoherent measures, which in most cases are not sufficient for the actual needs of immigrants. Hence, it is necessary to develop systemic solutions with sound, long-term financing. Moreover, in order for integration to be successful, it is essential to ensure the coordination of measures taken by public institutions at both central and local government level and to ensure the participation of immigrant communities in the development of public policies.
{"title":"Local Perspective on the Practices and Challenges of Migrant Integration","authors":"Aleksandra Winiarska, Magdalena Wojno","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.18.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.18.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Poland is currently experiencing a transition with regard to migration trends. Foreign immigration, perceived until recently as a secondary issue by public administration, is on the increase. The largest groups of immigrants have traditionally included Ukrainians and the Vietnamese, although the country has not experienced a significant influx of foreigners arriving from Middle East and African countries. At present, Poland has no migration policy document in force and integrative actions are undertaken mostly by local governments, typically on an ad hoc basis. As Poland’s capital city, Warsaw plays a key role in governing diversity and implementing integrative actions. Significant challenges to immigrant integration include barriers to settlement and discrimination on the labour and housing market, along with a substantial rise in negative attitudes towards foreigners amongst members of Polish society. It is mainly this last aspect that is addressed by Warsaw’s local government, which prioritises educational and awareness-raising measures. It must be acknowledged that this is done in close cooperation with the non-governmental sector, where organisations with expertise in relevant fields are commissioned to perform many tasks. The main challenge of integrative actions at the local level is that these are mostly incoherent measures, which in most cases are not sufficient for the actual needs of immigrants. Hence, it is necessary to develop systemic solutions with sound, long-term financing. Moreover, in order for integration to be successful, it is essential to ensure the coordination of measures taken by public institutions at both central and local government level and to ensure the participation of immigrant communities in the development of public policies.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31297/HKJU.18.3.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some EU member states have been migrant destinations for a long time, while others have lost a considerable part of their population since their accession to the EU. Hungary belongs to the latter. Large numbers of immigrants have not been arriving here since the end of the war in former Yugoslavia. However, in 2015 Hungary was suddenly strongly affected by mass migration, mainly because of the country’s geographical location. Mass migration has strongly influenced politics as the decision-maker and public administration as the executor of political decisions. Both the decisions and the policy-makers have been strongly criticised for taking a different approach to the situation compared with many other European countries. The Hungarian government’s priority was to reduce or stop mass migration and it used political, legal, and physical instruments selected for this purpose. This study does not aim to judge whether they are right or wrong. Hungarian public administration has had to adapt to the situation and it has done so by way of implementing new and modified legal rules. However, due to the political decisions described above, it has developed and changed at the same time.
{"title":"Administrative Background and the Process of Migrant Integration in Hungary","authors":"István Temesi","doi":"10.31297/HKJU.18.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/HKJU.18.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Some EU member states have been migrant destinations for a long time, while others have lost a considerable part of their population since their accession to the EU. Hungary belongs to the latter. Large numbers of immigrants have not been arriving here since the end of the war in former Yugoslavia. However, in 2015 Hungary was suddenly strongly affected by mass migration, mainly because of the country’s geographical location. Mass migration has strongly influenced politics as the decision-maker and public administration as the executor of political decisions. Both the decisions and the policy-makers have been strongly criticised for taking a different approach to the situation compared with many other European countries. The Hungarian government’s priority was to reduce or stop mass migration and it used political, legal, and physical instruments selected for this purpose. This study does not aim to judge whether they are right or wrong. Hungarian public administration has had to adapt to the situation and it has done so by way of implementing new and modified legal rules. However, due to the political decisions described above, it has developed and changed at the same time.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31297/HKJU.18.3.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41660536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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