Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1177/15501906241234414
Holly Cusack-McVeigh, Mark Wilson, Sarah M. Halter
A wide range of inherent vices and acquired hazards can be found in museum collections worldwide. Inherent hazards include items decorated with lead paint, objects containing dyes and pigments, archaeological and geological collections containing silica dust, poisonous herbarium specimens, geological collections that naturally contain heavy metals or are radioactive, objects created from uranium glass and even historic medicinal collections containing old medications and other dangerous substances. Acquired hazards include historic chemical pesticide treatments including toxic metal-based poisons such as arsenic and mercuric salts and, later in time, organic compounds such as DDT were also employed. How can museums identify and manage these complex issues? This case study addresses these concerns and highlights a multi-year collaboration between the Indiana University Indianapolis Museum Studies Program, Purdue University’s School of Health Sciences and the Indiana Medical History Museum (IMHM) that can serve as a replicable model for other museums grappling with these same conundrums.
{"title":"A Collaborative Approach to Hazardous & Contaminated Collections Conundrums","authors":"Holly Cusack-McVeigh, Mark Wilson, Sarah M. Halter","doi":"10.1177/15501906241234414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241234414","url":null,"abstract":"A wide range of inherent vices and acquired hazards can be found in museum collections worldwide. Inherent hazards include items decorated with lead paint, objects containing dyes and pigments, archaeological and geological collections containing silica dust, poisonous herbarium specimens, geological collections that naturally contain heavy metals or are radioactive, objects created from uranium glass and even historic medicinal collections containing old medications and other dangerous substances. Acquired hazards include historic chemical pesticide treatments including toxic metal-based poisons such as arsenic and mercuric salts and, later in time, organic compounds such as DDT were also employed. How can museums identify and manage these complex issues? This case study addresses these concerns and highlights a multi-year collaboration between the Indiana University Indianapolis Museum Studies Program, Purdue University’s School of Health Sciences and the Indiana Medical History Museum (IMHM) that can serve as a replicable model for other museums grappling with these same conundrums.","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1177/15501906241232903
Juilee Decker, Barbara Wood
{"title":"Introduction to the Focus Issue Collections Cataloging in the Twenty-First Century: Case Studies of Evolving Practice, Multiple Voices, New Meanings","authors":"Juilee Decker, Barbara Wood","doi":"10.1177/15501906241232903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241232903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1177/15501906241233814
Francis Demes, Jaime Juarez, James H. Clark
Our goal is to provide guidance to those responsible for security involving the protection of cultural property. It’s important to note that the authors here are speaking from positions as practitioners. Our experience in operations, security design, as well as careers in cultural property protection that provided knowledge through trial and error over time as well as working with colleagues in the development of industry best practices as a result of those trials, were instrumental in helping us form the opinions contained in the article. Hence the absence of research and academic references in this article.
{"title":"Challenges Requiring New Thinking in Museum Security","authors":"Francis Demes, Jaime Juarez, James H. Clark","doi":"10.1177/15501906241233814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241233814","url":null,"abstract":"Our goal is to provide guidance to those responsible for security involving the protection of cultural property. It’s important to note that the authors here are speaking from positions as practitioners. Our experience in operations, security design, as well as careers in cultural property protection that provided knowledge through trial and error over time as well as working with colleagues in the development of industry best practices as a result of those trials, were instrumental in helping us form the opinions contained in the article. Hence the absence of research and academic references in this article.","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1177/15501906241232305
Carrie Heflin
{"title":"Breaking Down Barriers: Adopting a Holistic Approach to Safety, Collections Management, and the Visitor Experience","authors":"Carrie Heflin","doi":"10.1177/15501906241232305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241232305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"161 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1177/15501906241232452
Fiona Maxwell
In 1900, the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) transformed the Evanston, Illinois home of their late president, Frances Willard, into one of the first house museums dedicated to a woman in the United States. For over ninety years, WCTU members used the collections to situate Willard’s social reform career in the framework of domestic and religious duty. Recent efforts by historians and community members to reinterpret the collections to demonstrate Willard’s significance to a progressive, nondenominational, and diverse audience has sparked contentious debate over the ownership of the museum. Drawing on archival materials, published texts, and oral history interviews, this case study examines the use of space and artifacts, as well as the verbal sparring such choices have provoked. The controversy over the Willard House collections suggests that when women’s political and professional activity is central to a house museum’s significance, it becomes an especially contested commemorative site.
{"title":"Site of Social Justice Advocacy, or Home of Godly Women? Interpreting Women’s Work at the Frances Willard House Museum","authors":"Fiona Maxwell","doi":"10.1177/15501906241232452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241232452","url":null,"abstract":"In 1900, the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) transformed the Evanston, Illinois home of their late president, Frances Willard, into one of the first house museums dedicated to a woman in the United States. For over ninety years, WCTU members used the collections to situate Willard’s social reform career in the framework of domestic and religious duty. Recent efforts by historians and community members to reinterpret the collections to demonstrate Willard’s significance to a progressive, nondenominational, and diverse audience has sparked contentious debate over the ownership of the museum. Drawing on archival materials, published texts, and oral history interviews, this case study examines the use of space and artifacts, as well as the verbal sparring such choices have provoked. The controversy over the Willard House collections suggests that when women’s political and professional activity is central to a house museum’s significance, it becomes an especially contested commemorative site.","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"71 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1177/15501906241234943
Lucie Carreau, Imogen Gunn
Scholarly attention is increasingly focusing on museum catalogues: their histories, challenges and, as this paper explores, their potential. Many databases contain outdated information and offensive language, the legacy of colonial-era knowledge production and digitization processes that translated catalogue cards into database entries. Much has been written about the potential of catalogues to act as sites of contact and collaboration, as well as how institutions can and should mitigate harm stemming from discriminatory language within their catalogues. Yet as museum practitioners are acutely aware, the extensive work required to enact change throughout a database is rarely perceived as exciting enough to garner dedicated project funding. This paper uses the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and the Stores Move Project (2020–2024) as a case study to illustrate how museums can, and realistically must, integrate critical documentation work into larger projects in order to achieve these objectives. The authors first engage with MAA’s own history of collecting and cataloguing, before detailing how collections staff have incorporated documentation priorities (re-cataloguing, historicizing data, and addressing bias) into the larger Project. They conclude with the hope that by making this work more visible and demonstrating its value, such projects might attract dedicated funding in the future.
学术界越来越关注博物馆目录：它们的历史、挑战，以及本文所探讨的它们的潜力。许多数据库包含过时的信息和令人反感的语言，这些都是殖民时代知识生产和数字化过程的遗留问题，这些过程将目录卡片翻译成数据库条目。关于目录作为联系与合作场所的潜力，以及机构如何能够并应该减少目录中的歧视性语言所造成的伤害，已经有很多论述。然而，正如博物馆从业人员所清楚意识到的那样，在整个数据库中进行变革所需的大量工作很少被认为是令人兴奋的，以至于无法获得专门的项目资金。本文以考古学与人类学博物馆和商店搬迁项目（2020-2024 年）为案例，说明博物馆如何能够、而且必须将关键性的文献工作整合到更大的项目中，以实现这些目标。作者首先介绍了 MAA 自身的收藏和编目历史，然后详细说明了收藏人员如何将文献工作的重点（重新编目、数据历史化和解决偏差问题）纳入到更大的项目中。最后，他们希望通过提高这项工作的可见度并展示其价值，此类项目将来可能会吸引到专项资金。
{"title":"Moving On: Rethinking Practice and Transforming Data at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge","authors":"Lucie Carreau, Imogen Gunn","doi":"10.1177/15501906241234943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241234943","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly attention is increasingly focusing on museum catalogues: their histories, challenges and, as this paper explores, their potential. Many databases contain outdated information and offensive language, the legacy of colonial-era knowledge production and digitization processes that translated catalogue cards into database entries. Much has been written about the potential of catalogues to act as sites of contact and collaboration, as well as how institutions can and should mitigate harm stemming from discriminatory language within their catalogues. Yet as museum practitioners are acutely aware, the extensive work required to enact change throughout a database is rarely perceived as exciting enough to garner dedicated project funding. This paper uses the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and the Stores Move Project (2020–2024) as a case study to illustrate how museums can, and realistically must, integrate critical documentation work into larger projects in order to achieve these objectives. The authors first engage with MAA’s own history of collecting and cataloguing, before detailing how collections staff have incorporated documentation priorities (re-cataloguing, historicizing data, and addressing bias) into the larger Project. They conclude with the hope that by making this work more visible and demonstrating its value, such projects might attract dedicated funding in the future.","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1177/15501906241234945
Alice Christophe, N. H. Solomon, H. Kneubuhl, Victoria Donnellan, Leah Caldeira
With more than 2.5 million catalogue records the British Museum’s digital collection database is one of the largest museum databases in the world, constituting a primary point of access to the collections both internally and externally. But its recording systems, developed over multiple generations, contain problematic data in a structure dominated by a single language. This article focuses on efforts to transform a portion of the data within the structural complexities. In 2021, a Hawaiian language research group was formed at the British Museum. Named Keaukānaʻi, this group supports the development and integration of a new taxonomy in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language) for describing Hawaiian ancestral treasures physically at the museum. The authors reflect on the work initiated to deconstruct taxonomical violence, and to build a new path forward for hosting, integrating and centering an indigenous language and associated knowledge at the British Museum. The article presents key steps while also discussing the challenges and limitations encountered.
{"title":"Hosting and Integrating a Hawaiian Language Taxonomy in the British Museum’s Collection Database","authors":"Alice Christophe, N. H. Solomon, H. Kneubuhl, Victoria Donnellan, Leah Caldeira","doi":"10.1177/15501906241234945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241234945","url":null,"abstract":"With more than 2.5 million catalogue records the British Museum’s digital collection database is one of the largest museum databases in the world, constituting a primary point of access to the collections both internally and externally. But its recording systems, developed over multiple generations, contain problematic data in a structure dominated by a single language. This article focuses on efforts to transform a portion of the data within the structural complexities. In 2021, a Hawaiian language research group was formed at the British Museum. Named Keaukānaʻi, this group supports the development and integration of a new taxonomy in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language) for describing Hawaiian ancestral treasures physically at the museum. The authors reflect on the work initiated to deconstruct taxonomical violence, and to build a new path forward for hosting, integrating and centering an indigenous language and associated knowledge at the British Museum. The article presents key steps while also discussing the challenges and limitations encountered.","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1177/15501906241233817
Lily Díaz-Kommonen, Leena Svinhufvud, Susanna Thiel, Gautam Vishwanath
In the Pop-up-VR Museum, a selection of design objects from the Design Museum collection can be explored as virtual reality experience together with stories and comments collected in workshops organized with senior communities and museum visitors amongst others. The collaboration between the museum and the Aalto University Department of Art and Media in the EU Horizon 2020 project SPICE (2020–2023), seeks to increase social cohesion and inclusion through cultural heritage. Using semantic tools designed and developed in the project, it studies ways to promote novel forms of “citizen curation” activities. The article discusses the co-design process between media designers, heritage professionals, and different user communities, with varying understandings and needs regarding museum data and Finnish design heritage. In the museum, community-based data raises practical as well as ethical issues. Also the new digital artifacts challenge existing systems: what and how should be preserved in the museum collection from the dialogue with the user that takes place in the Pop-up VR Museum and does this new data demand re-assessing earlier information and, how does should the process of creating new digital artifacts be documented and described.
{"title":"Enriching Museum Collection with Virtual Design Objects and Community Narratives: Pop-up-VR Museum","authors":"Lily Díaz-Kommonen, Leena Svinhufvud, Susanna Thiel, Gautam Vishwanath","doi":"10.1177/15501906241233817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241233817","url":null,"abstract":"In the Pop-up-VR Museum, a selection of design objects from the Design Museum collection can be explored as virtual reality experience together with stories and comments collected in workshops organized with senior communities and museum visitors amongst others. The collaboration between the museum and the Aalto University Department of Art and Media in the EU Horizon 2020 project SPICE (2020–2023), seeks to increase social cohesion and inclusion through cultural heritage. Using semantic tools designed and developed in the project, it studies ways to promote novel forms of “citizen curation” activities. The article discusses the co-design process between media designers, heritage professionals, and different user communities, with varying understandings and needs regarding museum data and Finnish design heritage. In the museum, community-based data raises practical as well as ethical issues. Also the new digital artifacts challenge existing systems: what and how should be preserved in the museum collection from the dialogue with the user that takes place in the Pop-up VR Museum and does this new data demand re-assessing earlier information and, how does should the process of creating new digital artifacts be documented and described.","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"171 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1177/15501906241232427
Anjalie Dalal-Clayton, Ananda Rutherford
This paper presents a reflective account of the AHRC-funded Provisional Semantics project, which focused on how museums and heritage organizations might produce search terms, catalogue entries and interpretation using ethical and equitable practices, particularly in relation to the artworks and histories of racialized and minoritized people, and in the context of a digitized national collection. As the project developed, the emphasis shifted toward a more fundamental enquiry into whether these objectives were achievable, given the structural racism and colonial logics inherent in the museum project and its conventions, histories, and infrastructure. Through a critical discussion of the project’s three case studies, the paper considers the following questions: what happens when we change words and clean data as a putative solution to problematic cataloguing? Can museums genuinely, equitably, and ethically represent multivocality? Why is embedded change in attitudes and behaviors hard to achieve and slow to happen? And is sector guidance for research and documentation fit for purpose in terms of genuine knowledge co-production and engagement?
{"title":"Provisional Semantics: Addressing the Challenges of Representing Multiple Perspectives Within Public Collections","authors":"Anjalie Dalal-Clayton, Ananda Rutherford","doi":"10.1177/15501906241232427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241232427","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a reflective account of the AHRC-funded Provisional Semantics project, which focused on how museums and heritage organizations might produce search terms, catalogue entries and interpretation using ethical and equitable practices, particularly in relation to the artworks and histories of racialized and minoritized people, and in the context of a digitized national collection. As the project developed, the emphasis shifted toward a more fundamental enquiry into whether these objectives were achievable, given the structural racism and colonial logics inherent in the museum project and its conventions, histories, and infrastructure. Through a critical discussion of the project’s three case studies, the paper considers the following questions: what happens when we change words and clean data as a putative solution to problematic cataloguing? Can museums genuinely, equitably, and ethically represent multivocality? Why is embedded change in attitudes and behaviors hard to achieve and slow to happen? And is sector guidance for research and documentation fit for purpose in terms of genuine knowledge co-production and engagement?","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-25DOI: 10.1177/15501906241232426
Emma Cieslik
Religiosity as a modicum of meaning surrounding and within objects has raised ethical issues ever since people began collecting, especially as some of the first works of art were commissioned by religious practitioners or for religious purposes. In the twenty-first century, as curators and collections specialists grapple with the religious and cultural trauma surrounding the looting and unethical collecting of objects with inherent spiritual and sacred value, this article explores the implications of this value and meaning in our museum databases. How do museums care for objects that are themselves non-human living beings, spirits, and/or ancestors and how do they care for objects whose legacies of creation, contact, and engagement affect the ways in which they can be displayed or preserved? This article utilizes a case study of Catholic relics to explore how collections specialists catalog their value, both historical and spiritual, and how it affects the ways in which they are touched, treated, and housed.
{"title":"Documenting the Divine: The Future of Sacred Objects in Museum Databases","authors":"Emma Cieslik","doi":"10.1177/15501906241232426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241232426","url":null,"abstract":"Religiosity as a modicum of meaning surrounding and within objects has raised ethical issues ever since people began collecting, especially as some of the first works of art were commissioned by religious practitioners or for religious purposes. In the twenty-first century, as curators and collections specialists grapple with the religious and cultural trauma surrounding the looting and unethical collecting of objects with inherent spiritual and sacred value, this article explores the implications of this value and meaning in our museum databases. How do museums care for objects that are themselves non-human living beings, spirits, and/or ancestors and how do they care for objects whose legacies of creation, contact, and engagement affect the ways in which they can be displayed or preserved? This article utilizes a case study of Catholic relics to explore how collections specialists catalog their value, both historical and spiritual, and how it affects the ways in which they are touched, treated, and housed.","PeriodicalId":422403,"journal":{"name":"Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：