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Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals最新文献

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Defining Digital Design in the National Collection 定义国家收藏品中的数字化设计
Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231220972
J. Walthew, Andrea Lipps, Wendy Rogers
As the national design collection of the United States, Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum in New York City is dedicated to historical and contemporary design with a collection of over 215,000 objects. Since its founding in 1897 as the Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration, its collection departments have been defined taxonomically by materials. In 2022, the museum created a new collecting department for the first time in its history, acknowledging that Digital collections represent a separate “material.” The introduction of a Digital department stakes a claim that digital design is itself a separate discipline with its own needs of collections management, curation, and conservation. Digital design as both process and product is now pervasive throughout design fields and the collection will continue to grow as the museum strives to represent contemporary design practice. While the museum’s early digital collecting came from a lineage of graphic design and typography, this article discusses the challenges inherent in developing new taxonomies, typologies, classifications, and collections management and preservation processes.
作为美国的国家设计收藏馆,位于纽约市的史密森尼设计博物馆库珀休伊特(Cooper Hewitt)专门收藏历史和当代设计作品,藏品超过 215,000 件。自 1897 年作为库珀装饰艺术博物馆(Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration)成立以来,其收藏部门一直按照材料分类法进行定义。2022 年,博物馆在其历史上首次设立了一个新的收藏部门,承认数字藏品是一种独立的 "材料"。数字部门的设立表明,数字设计本身就是一门独立的学科,有其自身的藏品管理、策展和保护需求。作为过程和产品的数字设计现在已经渗透到设计领域的各个角落,随着博物馆努力代表当代设计实践,数字收藏将继续增长。博物馆早期的数字收藏来自平面设计和排版,本文将讨论在开发新的分类法、类型学、分类以及收藏管理和保存过程中所面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Finding the Marginal in Marginalia: The Importance of Including Marginalia Descriptions in Catalog Entries 在边角料中寻找边角料:在目录条目中包含边角料说明的重要性
Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231220976
Zoe Screti
Marginalia have been created by many varied readers across the centuries, transforming texts into personal artifacts and offering valuable insights into many varied socio-cultural contexts and communities. However, the tendency to record marginalia only where it pertains to bibliographical data has often privileged some voices over others, skewing the historical narrative available to researchers using archive and special collections catalogs. This article explores the importance of recording marginalia (both its presence and its function) in catalog entries in order to allow traditionally marginalized voices to be heard. It provides a brief overview of projects using marginalia to tell unheard stories of marginalized figures challenging authority before questioning the reluctance of catalogers to include detailed descriptions of marginalia, concluding by offering some recommendations as to how marginalia could be cataloged to better represent the myriad of voices as yet unheard.
几个世纪以来,许多不同的读者都创作了边注,将文本转化为个人手工艺品,为了解许多不同的社会文化背景和社区提供了宝贵的视角。然而,只在与书目数据相关的地方记录页边空白的倾向往往使某些声音优于其他声音,从而歪曲了研究人员使用档案和特藏目录所能获得的历史叙述。本文探讨了在目录条目中记录页边空白(包括其存在和功能)的重要性,以便让人们听到 传统上被边缘化的声音。文章简要概述了一些利用边角料讲述边缘化人物挑战权威的故事的项目,然后对编目人员不愿意详细描述边角料提出了质疑,最后就边角料如何编目才能更好地代表无数尚未被听到的声音提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 0
Museums Will Forget: Critical Approaches to Catalog-Centered Historical Research 博物馆会遗忘:以目录为中心的历史研究的批判方法
Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231220974
Tehmina Goskar
This article shares the approaches, research and consequences of catalog-centered historical research at the Museum of Cornish Life, a result of the author’s Art Fund Headley Fellowship in 2022. It argues that museums are inherently forgetful institutions that avoid and often do not preserve their own history. If museums are to think and do things differently, particularly when employing decolonial approaches, they must start with reconstructing and understanding their own institutional and documentation ancestry. In the absence of an organized institutional archive the author turned to using critical close readings of both the historic and current collections catalogs to reconstruct patterns of curatorial preference, language, terminology, and classification use, and their impact on collections making. This research, coupled with piecing together scattered fragments from newspapers and surviving correspondence, led to the start of a major long-term effort to create a new museum knowledge base in the form of a digital archive to preserve the multiple voices and influences of the museum and its collections.
本文分享了作者在 2022 年获得艺术基金海德雷奖学金后,在康沃尔生活博物馆开展的以目录为中心的历史研究的方法、研究和结果。文章认为,博物馆本质上是一个健忘的机构,它们回避并经常不保存自己的历史。如果博物馆要以不同的方式思考和做事,特别是在采用非殖民主义方法时,就必须从重建和了解自身的机构和文献祖先开始。在缺乏有组织的机构档案的情况下,作者转而使用批判性的方法仔细阅读历史和当前的藏品目录,以重建馆长偏好、语言、术语和分类使用的模式,以及它们对藏品制作的影响。这项研究,加上从报纸和现存信件中拼凑出的零散片段,促成了一项重大的长期工作,即以数字档案的形式创建一个新的博物馆知识库,以保存博物馆及其藏品的多种声音和影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cataloging Architectural Drawings: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Age 建筑图纸编目:数字时代的挑战与机遇
Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231220971
Tom Drysdale
The special approaches to cataloging architectural drawings that were developed in the analog era of printed catalogs have persisted for over half a century. But the growth of digital technology in more recent years has created new challenges and opportunities for custodians of architectural drawings that have yet to be fully explored. This article examines traditional approaches to cataloging architectural drawings in the United Kingdom, including the highly influential system developed at the Royal Institute of British Architects in the 1970s, alongside recent literature and examples of modern finding aids to reveal the impact that digital technology has had on the practice of archival description, together with the possibilities that new technology offers for presentation and access to online descriptions. By highlighting the key developments in digital cataloging and relating them to the medium of architectural drawings, this article will enable custodians of architectural collections to ensure that their catalogs are fit for purpose in the digital age.
在印刷目录的模拟时代形成的建筑图纸编目特殊方法已经延续了半个多世纪。但近年来数字技术的发展为建筑图纸的保管者带来了新的挑战和机遇,这些挑战和机遇还有待充分发掘。本文研究了英国传统的建筑图纸编目方法,包括英国皇家建筑师学会在 20 世纪 70 年代开发的极具影响力的系统,以及最新的文献和现代查找辅助工具的实例,以揭示数字技术对档案描述实践的影响,以及新技术为在线描述的展示和访问提供的可能性。通过强调数字编目方面的主要发展并将其与建筑图纸媒介联系起来,这篇文章将使建筑藏品的保管人能够确保他们的编目适合数字时代的目的。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Archival Silences: A 1922 Estate Manager’s Diary Offers a New Voice From the Archives at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens 探索档案的沉默:1922年房地产经理的日记提供了一个新的声音从档案在比斯开博物馆和花园
Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231189210
Karen Urbec
In 2020, as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES) grant, Vizcaya Museum and Gardens curatorial staff digitized Estate Manager Frank Landon McGinnis’s daily 1922 diary. In addition to being a unique primary source and an interesting research puzzle, this diary also provides a look into the daily workings of a significant estate during the height of its active years. This case study will: share the digitization standards and workflows of this project, analyze the data found in the diary, and also consider the archival silences that exist in all archives and the impact a diary of this type can have on our historic understanding of an era.
2020年,作为国家人文基金会冠状病毒援助、救济和经济安全法案(CARES)拨款的一部分,比斯开博物馆和花园策展人员将房地产经理弗兰克·兰登·麦金尼斯1922年的每日日记数字化。除了作为一个独特的主要来源和一个有趣的研究难题外,这本日记还提供了一个重要的庄园在其活跃时期的日常工作情况。本案例研究将:分享该项目的数字化标准和工作流程,分析日记中发现的数据,并考虑所有档案中存在的档案沉默,以及这种类型的日记对我们对一个时代的历史认识的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Photogrammetry of “Wet” Pathology Museum Specimens: A Pilot Project “湿”病理博物馆标本的摄影测量:一个试点项目
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231189209
Ajay Rajaram, P. Fiset, R. Fraser
Medical museums around the world have many specimens of historical and teaching value in their collections. Some of these are bones that have been prepared to illustrate normal anatomy. Others consist of organs preserved in liquid fixative (“wet” specimens) and mounted in glass or plexiglass containers that demonstrate the pathology of disease. Digitization of these specimens has the advantage of making them available for viewing by more students or website visitors than is possible in the museum itself. Photogrammetry is one method for doing this that enables the reconstruction of high-quality 3D models using standard specimen photographs. However, although relatively easy to perform on bones, its use with “wet” objects is more difficult and special steps are required to achieve optimal results. Using specimens from the Sir William Osler aortic aneurysm collection at the Maude Abbott Medical Museum, we developed a relatively simple and cost-effective photogrammetry process that gave good reconstructions of most specimens. We expect that future developments, such as the use of artificial intelligence-based techniques, may improve this result.
世界各地的医学博物馆收藏了许多具有历史和教学价值的标本。其中一些是用来说明正常解剖的骨头。其他包括保存在液体固定液(“湿”标本)中的器官,并安装在玻璃或有机玻璃容器中,以显示疾病的病理。将这些标本数字化的好处是,与博物馆本身相比,更多的学生或网站访问者可以看到它们。摄影测量是这样做的一种方法,可以使用标准标本照片重建高质量的3D模型。然而,尽管在骨骼上操作相对容易,但在“湿”物体上使用就比较困难,需要特殊的步骤才能达到最佳效果。利用莫德·阿伯特医学博物馆威廉·奥斯勒爵士主动脉瘤标本,我们开发了一种相对简单且成本效益高的摄影测量方法,可以很好地重建大多数标本。我们预计,未来的发展,如使用基于人工智能的技术,可能会改善这一结果。
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引用次数: 0
Preserving the Tangible Material Culture of the Shona Traditional Music Legacy: An Applied Ethnomusicological Report 保护朔那传统音乐遗产的有形物质文化:一份应用民族音乐学报告
Pub Date : 2023-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231189216
Perminus Matiure
This article focuses on the preservation of the tangible material culture of the Shona traditional music legacy. It reports on how the author collected and deposited the Shona tangible materials used during both sacred and secular contexts. For this research, an applied action research methodology was employed together with ethnography. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in Hwedza, Chikomba, Bhuhera, and Gweru, and the applied action approach informed the preservation of tangible materials. The findings indicated that the paradigm shift in religious belief, rural-to-urban migration, and modern technology are threatening the sustenance of the Shona traditional materials and that there is a need to protect them before they disappear. As a mitigative measure, the author collected some musical instruments and traditional objects and deposited them in a local departmental music archive at a university in Zimbabwe. It is therefore recommended that more collections be done to safeguard the vulnerable music heritage of the Shona.
本文的研究重点是对朔那族传统音乐遗产的物质文化保护。它报告了作者如何收集和存放在神圣和世俗情况下使用的修纳有形材料。在这项研究中,应用行动研究方法与民族志一起使用。在Hwedza、Chikomba、Bhuhera和Gweru进行了民族志实地调查,应用行动方法为有形材料的保存提供了信息。研究结果表明,宗教信仰的范式转变、农村向城市的迁移和现代技术的发展正在威胁着绍纳传统材料的生存,有必要在它们消失之前对其进行保护。作为一项缓解措施,提交人收集了一些乐器和传统物品,并将它们存放在津巴布韦一所大学的地方部门音乐档案馆。因此,建议进行更多的收藏,以保护尚那族脆弱的音乐遗产。
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引用次数: 0
Significance Assessment as Citizen Science: A Collaborative Methodology for Developing the Significance of Our Collections? 作为公民科学的意义评估:发展馆藏意义的合作方法?
Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1177/15501906231187156
S. Jensen, Meta Lier Hansen, Lærke Maria Andersen Funder
Over the last few decades, the concepts of significance, contextuality and polysemy in museum collections have been repeatedly discussed within the international museum field. In this article, we develop and discuss a methodology for operationalizing these concepts in practical collection work. By collaborating with different communities in assigning meaning to collections, we combine the significance assessment of museum collections with citizen science. Through a number of experiments, we explore collaborations between museums and different communities and find that significance assessment as citizen science adds new perspectives to and creates co-ownership of museum collections and thereby democratizes the museums as public institutions.
近几十年来,国际博物馆界对博物馆藏品的意义、文脉性和多义性等概念进行了多次讨论。在本文中,我们开发并讨论了在实际收集工作中操作这些概念的方法。通过与不同社区合作,为藏品赋予意义,我们将博物馆藏品的重要性评估与公民科学相结合。通过一系列实验,我们探索了博物馆与不同社区之间的合作,并发现作为公民科学的意义评估为博物馆藏品的共同所有权增加了新的视角,从而使博物馆作为公共机构民主化。
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引用次数: 0
Shining Light on Labels in the Dark: Guidelines for Offensive Collections Materials 在黑暗中照亮标签:冒犯性收藏材料的指导方针
Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/15501906221130535
Laura Briscoe, Mare Nazaire, J. R. Allen, J. Baker, Aliya Donnell Davenport, Janet Mansaray, Carol Ann McCormick, McKenna Santiago Coyle, Michaela Schmull
The natural history collections community has made significant strides in the past decade in the digitization of their holdings. Digitization has made the data and corresponding images of collections publicly available to researchers, students, and the public. Data and images are served online by institutions’ local databases, and regional, national, and international aggregators. One challenging aspect in digitizing natural history collections is the presence of offensive language, such as racial slurs in collection and location data. We present findings from a community survey and analysis of data from relevant aggregators to assess the presence of and approach to offensive language in collections data. We also suggest initial guidelines for data warning statements and disclaimers and transcription guidelines to help preserve historical integrity of data while also supporting inclusive and safe workspaces. Please note that in writing about offensive terms found in natural history collections, we use and refer to offensive terms and include images of labels and documents to provide examples.
过去十年,自然历史收藏界在馆藏数字化方面取得了重大进展。数字化使研究人员、学生和公众可以公开获得馆藏的数据和相应图像。数据和图像由机构的本地数据库以及区域、国家和国际聚合器在线提供。数字化自然历史收藏的一个挑战是攻击性语言的存在,例如收集和位置数据中的种族歧视。我们提出了一项社区调查的结果,并分析了相关聚合器的数据,以评估收集数据中攻击性语言的存在和处理方法。我们还建议对数据警告声明和免责声明以及转录指南进行初步指导,以帮助保持数据的历史完整性,同时支持包容和安全的工作空间。请注意,在撰写自然历史藏品中的冒犯性术语时,我们使用并引用冒犯性术语,并包括标签和文件的图像以提供示例。
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引用次数: 2
Whose Information? What Knowledge? Collaborative Work and a Plea for Referenced Collection Databases 谁的信息?什么知识?协作工作和参考集合数据库的请求
Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/15501906221130534
G. Boden
In this article, I attempt to trace and reflect on how and what knowledge emerged when I discussed historical artifacts with members of the community of origin. The information coming up during our collaborative work sessions does not easily fit into existing standard categories of collection databases. Rather than issues such as protagonists, dates, locations, etc. of photo shoots, or materials, methods of production and uses, etc. of objects, our conversations were about relations between people, life circumstances, uncertainties, legitimate informants, and social meanings. The emergent knowledge, as I argue, did not simply reflect different concerns or perspectives of community members as compared to those of scholars and provided for in database fields but was co-produced from all participants’ prior knowledges through concerted doings. Without presenting a ready-made solution, I further argue that we need to find ways of accommodating references into our collection databases revealing authors and ways of knowledge production.
在这篇文章中,我试图追溯和反思,当我与原社区的成员讨论历史文物时,知识是如何出现的,以及出现了什么。在我们的协作工作会议期间出现的信息不容易符合现有的标准数据库类别。我们讨论的话题不是拍摄照片的主角、日期、地点等,也不是物品的材料、制作方法和使用等,而是人与人之间的关系、生活环境、不确定性、合法信息和社会意义。正如我所说,新兴知识不仅仅反映了社区成员与学者相比的不同关注点或观点,也提供了数据库领域,而是通过协调一致的行动,从所有参与者的先前知识中共同产生的。在没有提出现成的解决方案的情况下,我进一步认为,我们需要找到将参考文献纳入我们的收集数据库的方法,从而揭示作者和知识生产的方式。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals
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