In 2010 Milja Kurki explained that although scholars recognize that democracy is described in a variety of ways, they do not typically engage with its many and diverse descriptions. My aim in this agenda-setting research note is to tackle this quandary by first providing a minimum empirical account of democracy’s descriptions (i.e., a catalogue of 2,234 adjectives that have been used to describe democracy) and secondly by suggesting what democracy studies may gain by compiling this information. I argue that the catalogue of descriptors be applied in four ways: (1) drilling down into the meaning of each description, (2) making taxonomies, (3) rethinking the phenomenology of democracy, and (4) visualizing democracy’s big data. Each of the four applications and their significance is explained in turn. This research note ends by looking back on the catalogue and its four applications.
{"title":"2,234 Descriptions of Democracy","authors":"J. Gagnon","doi":"10.3167/dt.2018.050107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/dt.2018.050107","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010 Milja Kurki explained that although scholars recognize\u0000that democracy is described in a variety of ways, they do not typically engage\u0000with its many and diverse descriptions. My aim in this agenda-setting research\u0000note is to tackle this quandary by first providing a minimum empirical account\u0000of democracy’s descriptions (i.e., a catalogue of 2,234 adjectives that have\u0000been used to describe democracy) and secondly by suggesting what democracy\u0000studies may gain by compiling this information. I argue that the catalogue\u0000of descriptors be applied in four ways: (1) drilling down into the meaning of\u0000each description, (2) making taxonomies, (3) rethinking the phenomenology\u0000of democracy, and (4) visualizing democracy’s big data. Each of the four applications\u0000and their significance is explained in turn. This research note ends by\u0000looking back on the catalogue and its four applications.","PeriodicalId":42255,"journal":{"name":"Democratic Theory-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/dt.2018.050107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on recent literature on political spectatorship, I show how sport, and baseball in particular, can both illuminate and shape American politics. Following the history of racial segregation and immigrant assimilation in baseball, one sees that it mirrors American race politics on the whole. I argue that Jackie Robinson and the desegregation of baseball changed both American politics and the horizons within which citizens think. Although it is tempting to focus on this positive and emergent moment, I argue that for the most part, looking at the history of race in baseball shows instead coded language that reinforces racial stereotypes. This example of baseball and race shows how powerful spectatorship can be in the democratic world. Spectatorship need not be passive but can be an important sphere of activity in democratic life.
{"title":"Breaking Barriers and Coded Language","authors":"T. Bunting","doi":"10.3167/DT.2018.050105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/DT.2018.050105","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on recent literature on political spectatorship, I\u0000show how sport, and baseball in particular, can both illuminate and shape\u0000American politics. Following the history of racial segregation and immigrant\u0000assimilation in baseball, one sees that it mirrors American race politics on\u0000the whole. I argue that Jackie Robinson and the desegregation of baseball\u0000changed both American politics and the horizons within which citizens think.\u0000Although it is tempting to focus on this positive and emergent moment, I\u0000argue that for the most part, looking at the history of race in baseball shows\u0000instead coded language that reinforces racial stereotypes. This example of\u0000baseball and race shows how powerful spectatorship can be in the democratic\u0000world. Spectatorship need not be passive but can be an important\u0000sphere of activity in democratic life.","PeriodicalId":42255,"journal":{"name":"Democratic Theory-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/DT.2018.050105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43915040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article suggests that a “crisis of democracy” can be understood not simply as a deterioration of specific representative institutions but as a repositioning of democratic politics vis-à-vis other principles of social coordination, most notably the capitalist market, and the attendant decline of democratic subjectivity—people’s attunement to claims appealing to the common good. I trace this process to the post–World War II era. I show that the crisis of democracy was shaped by the substantive imperative of fusing democracy with free-market capitalism. Many postwar democratic theorists believed that the welfare state could manage the tension latent in this fusion. But an analysis of Friedrich Hayek’s theory of neoliberal democracy, which recognizes that tension more acutely, reveals that the incorporation of free-market capitalism creates tendencies that undermine democracy from within.
{"title":"The Cold War Origins of the “Crisis of Democracy”","authors":"Kyong-Min Son","doi":"10.3167/DT.2018.050104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/DT.2018.050104","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests that a “crisis of democracy” can be understood\u0000not simply as a deterioration of specific representative institutions\u0000but as a repositioning of democratic politics vis-à-vis other principles of social\u0000coordination, most notably the capitalist market, and the attendant decline\u0000of democratic subjectivity—people’s attunement to claims appealing\u0000to the common good. I trace this process to the post–World War II era. I\u0000show that the crisis of democracy was shaped by the substantive imperative\u0000of fusing democracy with free-market capitalism. Many postwar democratic\u0000theorists believed that the welfare state could manage the tension latent in\u0000this fusion. But an analysis of Friedrich Hayek’s theory of neoliberal democracy,\u0000which recognizes that tension more acutely, reveals that the incorporation\u0000of free-market capitalism creates tendencies that undermine democracy\u0000from within.","PeriodicalId":42255,"journal":{"name":"Democratic Theory-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/DT.2018.050104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41628995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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