Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.011
C. Lee
{"title":"The Moral and Religious Thought of Yi Hwang (Toegye): A Study of Korean Neo-Confucian Ethics and Spirituality. By Edward Y.J. Chung.","authors":"C. Lee","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85374384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.007
Sunghee Kim
{"title":"Pyongyang, the Center of Socialism: North Korea’s Initiative to Translate Korean Texts into Foreign Languages","authors":"Sunghee Kim","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74809626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.006
R. Maurizio
{"title":"The Sea as a Literary Metaphor and its Representation in the Suijŏn","authors":"R. Maurizio","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87965182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.013
Timothy S. Lee
{"title":"Balancing Communities: Nation, State, and Protestant Christianity in Korea, 1884–1942. By Paul S. Cha","authors":"Timothy S. Lee","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76852278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.004
Shimunek Andrew
{"title":"The Earliest Koreanic Words for ‘Child’, ‘East’, ‘Mountain’, ‘River’, and ‘Shore’: A Comparative-Historical Linguistic Study of Several Kara (Kaya) Toponyms in the Samguk sagi","authors":"Shimunek Andrew","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79207508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.012
Kyu Hyun Kim
{"title":"Korean National Identity under Japanese Colonial Rule: Yi Ghwangsu and the March First Movement of 1919 (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia). By Michael Shin.","authors":"Kyu Hyun Kim","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"186 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81079912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.002
Seunghye Lee
Abstract:Sweet dew paintings, which emerged in the sixteenth century, served as altarpieces for the low ritual altars where ceremonies for the disembodied were conducted in the three-altar configuration of the Korean Buddhist liturgy. Through their complex iconography, these paintings conveyed the message that all souls suffering from the misfortune and wrongdoings of previous lives could be saved through the salvific power of the divine and thus attain a better rebirth in their next life. Although this uniquely Korean genre of Buddhist paintings flourished throughout the Chosŏn period, it appears to have received heightened interest from the late 1930s to early 1940s with the onset of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). However, this phenomenon has yet to be contextualized within the rich history of the genre and the convoluted history of modern Korean Buddhism. This paper explores the restructuring of this genre through a close examination of works produced in late colonial Korea by Poŭng Munsŏng 普應文性 (1867–1954) and Namsan Pyŏngmun 南山秉文 (d. 1950), and Kŭmyong Ilsŏp 金蓉日燮 (1901–1975)—three monk painters who reformulated the well-established iconography of sweet dew paintings at a time when the need to deliver the deceased and provide solace to the living was most urgent. This study examines the dual role that these paintings performed amidst the wartime mobilization of Koreans by the Japanese colonial authorities: While Munsŏng and Pyŏngmun’s collaborative work aimed to deliver the souls of fallen Japanese soldiers, Ilsŏp’s compositions from the 1940s intended to help Koreans counter the trauma of colonial mobilization. This article both reveals the multi-faceted function of modern Korean Buddhist paintings and contributes to our understanding of the war experiences of colonial subjects through the medium of religious visual culture.
{"title":"Salvation Reimagined: Sweet Dew Paintings in Wartime Colonial Korea","authors":"Seunghye Lee","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Sweet dew paintings, which emerged in the sixteenth century, served as altarpieces for the low ritual altars where ceremonies for the disembodied were conducted in the three-altar configuration of the Korean Buddhist liturgy. Through their complex iconography, these paintings conveyed the message that all souls suffering from the misfortune and wrongdoings of previous lives could be saved through the salvific power of the divine and thus attain a better rebirth in their next life. Although this uniquely Korean genre of Buddhist paintings flourished throughout the Chosŏn period, it appears to have received heightened interest from the late 1930s to early 1940s with the onset of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). However, this phenomenon has yet to be contextualized within the rich history of the genre and the convoluted history of modern Korean Buddhism. This paper explores the restructuring of this genre through a close examination of works produced in late colonial Korea by Poŭng Munsŏng 普應文性 (1867–1954) and Namsan Pyŏngmun 南山秉文 (d. 1950), and Kŭmyong Ilsŏp 金蓉日燮 (1901–1975)—three monk painters who reformulated the well-established iconography of sweet dew paintings at a time when the need to deliver the deceased and provide solace to the living was most urgent. This study examines the dual role that these paintings performed amidst the wartime mobilization of Koreans by the Japanese colonial authorities: While Munsŏng and Pyŏngmun’s collaborative work aimed to deliver the souls of fallen Japanese soldiers, Ilsŏp’s compositions from the 1940s intended to help Koreans counter the trauma of colonial mobilization. This article both reveals the multi-faceted function of modern Korean Buddhist paintings and contributes to our understanding of the war experiences of colonial subjects through the medium of religious visual culture.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"15 1","pages":"23 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82649616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.003
Seunghyun Han
Abstract:In 1749, King Yŏngjo and his courtiers began to venerate the Ming emperors Hongwu and Chongzhen at Taebodan in the courtyard of Ch’angdŏk Palace. This was in addition to Wanli, who had been honored since 1704. During the late Chosŏn period, the court regularly held rituals to worship these emperors. This study examines court discussions to assess the impact of this veneration on the image of the emperors. These show that prior to 1749, Chosŏn monarchs and ministers often viewed the emperors negatively, while at the same time lauding their virtues. The study also explores the process through which the court constructed orthodox narratives on the emperors, a process which bestowed the emperors with certain merits and virtues. These images became the only legitimate means through which to view them and were reinforced by regular state rituals. After 1749, the emperors became objects of supreme veneration rather than objective evaluation. Ming loyalism discouraged voices critical of the Ming or disrespectful to the emperors, an approach that supplanted a more critical Confucian interpretation.
{"title":"Competing Discourses on Three Ming Emperors and the Significance of Their Canonization in Late Chosŏn Korea","authors":"Seunghyun Han","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1749, King Yŏngjo and his courtiers began to venerate the Ming emperors Hongwu and Chongzhen at Taebodan in the courtyard of Ch’angdŏk Palace. This was in addition to Wanli, who had been honored since 1704. During the late Chosŏn period, the court regularly held rituals to worship these emperors. This study examines court discussions to assess the impact of this veneration on the image of the emperors. These show that prior to 1749, Chosŏn monarchs and ministers often viewed the emperors negatively, while at the same time lauding their virtues. The study also explores the process through which the court constructed orthodox narratives on the emperors, a process which bestowed the emperors with certain merits and virtues. These images became the only legitimate means through which to view them and were reinforced by regular state rituals. After 1749, the emperors became objects of supreme veneration rather than objective evaluation. Ming loyalism discouraged voices critical of the Ming or disrespectful to the emperors, an approach that supplanted a more critical Confucian interpretation.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"36 1","pages":"55 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90676791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.001
Byongho Lee
Abstract:In 538, the Paekche Kingdom moved its capital to Sabi (present-day Puyŏ) and thereafter established over twenty-five Buddhist temples in the area. These temples served not just as sacred spaces, but as political and symbolic landscapes and a national ceremonial area within the new capital. This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of the temples in the Puyŏ region and elucidates the changes in their construction in relation to both the landscape of the city and to royal authority. The sites selected for these important temples were near royal palaces, defensive installations, and communication routes, and reflect the trend toward engagement with the Buddhist world. Examining the distribution of these temples and their locational changes allows a more dynamic understanding of the visual transformation of Sabi, Buddhist temples as national and religious institutions, and their relationship to royal authority.
{"title":"Changing Symbolic Landscapes of Buddhist Temples in Sabi, the Royal Capital of the Paekche Kingdom","authors":"Byongho Lee","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 538, the Paekche Kingdom moved its capital to Sabi (present-day Puyŏ) and thereafter established over twenty-five Buddhist temples in the area. These temples served not just as sacred spaces, but as political and symbolic landscapes and a national ceremonial area within the new capital. This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of the temples in the Puyŏ region and elucidates the changes in their construction in relation to both the landscape of the city and to royal authority. The sites selected for these important temples were near royal palaces, defensive installations, and communication routes, and reflect the trend toward engagement with the Buddhist world. Examining the distribution of these temples and their locational changes allows a more dynamic understanding of the visual transformation of Sabi, Buddhist temples as national and religious institutions, and their relationship to royal authority.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89394660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.005
Jinhee Kim, Jaemin Park
Abstract:
This study compares the hyangch’al 鄕札 of the Silla 新羅 Kingdom (57 BCE–935 CE) and the sŏktok kugyŏl 釋讀口訣 of the Koryŏ 高麗 (918–1392) dynasty. Both hyangch’al and kugyŏl incorporated borrowed characters (ch’aja 借字) from Chinese to phrase the Korean vernacular. Although hyangch’al is older than kugyŏl, materials written in hyangch’al demonstrate a similar usage of borrowed sinographs and analogous syntactic structures. This affinity between the two systems implies they were created in similar cultural contexts by a similar social class. Based on this, the paper reexamines a well-known principle of hyangch’al, called hunju ŭmjong 訓主音從, wherein word segments in hyangch’al consist of hunch’a 訓借 (sinographs borrowed as semantograms) and ŭmch’a 音借 (sinographs borrowed for their sound), which together comprise ch’aja 借字 or borrowed sinographs. However, the complications inherent to the differentiation of hunch’a and ŭmch’a have led to another crucial division between ch’aja and normal Sinitic being neglected, resulting in a misleading interpretation of hyangch’al. In kugyŏl, a word segment comprises normal Sinitic first followed by sinographs, a rule that also applies to hyangch’al. We call this hanju ch’ajong 漢主借從 (Sinitic leads, borrowed usage follows). This paper reclassifies the four categories of hyangch’al characters and applies this reclassification to the reading of hyangga 鄕歌 songs recorded in hyangch’al. This approach to utilizing findings from research into kugyŏl allows for a more accurate translation of hyangga songs.
{"title":"The Homogeneity of Sŏktok kugyŏl 釋讀口訣 and Hyangch’al 鄕札 and the Principle of Hyangch’al Composition","authors":"Jinhee Kim, Jaemin Park","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This study compares the <i>hyangch’al</i> 鄕札 of the Silla 新羅 Kingdom (57 BCE–935 CE) and the s<i>ŏktok kugyŏl</i> 釋讀口訣 of the Koryŏ 高麗 (918–1392) dynasty. Both <i>hyangch’al</i> and <i>kugyŏl</i> incorporated borrowed characters (<i>ch’aja</i> 借字) from Chinese to phrase the Korean vernacular. Although <i>hyangch’al</i> is older than <i>kugyŏl</i>, materials written in <i>hyangch’al</i> demonstrate a similar usage of borrowed sinographs and analogous syntactic structures. This affinity between the two systems implies they were created in similar cultural contexts by a similar social class. Based on this, the paper reexamines a well-known principle of <i>hyangch’al</i>, called <i>hunju ŭmjong</i> 訓主音從, wherein word segments in <i>hyangch’al</i> consist of <i>hunch’a</i> 訓借 (sinographs borrowed as semantograms) and <i>ŭmch’a</i> 音借 (sinographs borrowed for their sound), which together comprise <i>ch’aja</i> 借字 or borrowed sinographs. However, the complications inherent to the differentiation of <i>hunch’a</i> and <i>ŭmch’a</i> have led to another crucial division between <i>ch’aja</i> and normal Sinitic being neglected, resulting in a misleading interpretation of <i>hyangch’al</i>. In <i>kugyŏl</i>, a word segment comprises normal Sinitic first followed by sinographs, a rule that also applies to <i>hyangch’al</i>. We call this <i>hanju ch’ajong</i> 漢主借從 (Sinitic leads, borrowed usage follows). This paper reclassifies the four categories of <i>hyangch’al</i> characters and applies this reclassification to the reading of <i>hyangga</i> 鄕歌 songs recorded in <i>hyangch’al</i>. This approach to utilizing findings from research into <i>kugyŏl</i> allows for a more accurate translation of <i>hyangga</i> songs.</p>","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"51 1","pages":"109 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74241657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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