Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.008
Jong-Chol An
{"title":"MODIFYING THE HAGUE CONVENTION? US MILITARY OCCUPATION OF KOREA AND JAPANESE RELIGIOUS PROPERTY IN KOREA, 1945–1948","authors":"Jong-Chol An","doi":"10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85365126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.002
Liu Yingjun
Abstract:Given the Iranian literary tradition of retelling history by combining legends of pre-Islamic provenance with Islamic-era historical knowledge, this article seeks to place the wealth of information embedded in the Iranian epic Kūshnāma (Book of Kūsh) against the historical context in which its creators composed the epic by consulting select historical and geographical works. According to this epic, after the Iranian king Jamshīd was killed by the Tāzī chieftain Żaḥḥāk, his descendants took refuge in Chīn, Māchīn and B.sīlā. The study for this article utilizes classical Muslim works and Chinese sources in order to elucidate the possible connections between historical events and the plots of tales about exiled Iranian princes as depicted in Kūshnāma. For example, the ancient East Asian kingdoms of China and Silla are the prototypes for Chīn, Māchīn and B.sīlā in Kūshnāma. As a result, this article proposes that Kūshnāma's narrator might have integrated aspects from a variety of sources—most importantly, the long-standing oral and written traditions of Iranians, and fragmentary evidence pertaining to ancient China and the Korean Peninsula as recorded in Perso-Arabic literature—into the epic's narrative. Analysis of such a narrative demonstrates that information acquired as a consequence of long-distance East-West exchanges assimilated into the collective memory of Iranians who lived in the early twelfth century. It further indicates that the features of such an exchange phenomenon bear a close resemblance to the material and cultural exchanges that occurred at a much earlier time all over the Eurasian continent.
{"title":"POSSIBLE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HISTORICAL EVENTS AND THE PLOTS OF IRANIAN PRINCES EXILED IN CHĪN AND B.SĪLĀ DEPICTED IN KŪSHNĀMA","authors":"Liu Yingjun","doi":"10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Given the Iranian literary tradition of retelling history by combining legends of pre-Islamic provenance with Islamic-era historical knowledge, this article seeks to place the wealth of information embedded in the Iranian epic Kūshnāma (Book of Kūsh) against the historical context in which its creators composed the epic by consulting select historical and geographical works. According to this epic, after the Iranian king Jamshīd was killed by the Tāzī chieftain Żaḥḥāk, his descendants took refuge in Chīn, Māchīn and B.sīlā. The study for this article utilizes classical Muslim works and Chinese sources in order to elucidate the possible connections between historical events and the plots of tales about exiled Iranian princes as depicted in Kūshnāma. For example, the ancient East Asian kingdoms of China and Silla are the prototypes for Chīn, Māchīn and B.sīlā in Kūshnāma. As a result, this article proposes that Kūshnāma's narrator might have integrated aspects from a variety of sources—most importantly, the long-standing oral and written traditions of Iranians, and fragmentary evidence pertaining to ancient China and the Korean Peninsula as recorded in Perso-Arabic literature—into the epic's narrative. Analysis of such a narrative demonstrates that information acquired as a consequence of long-distance East-West exchanges assimilated into the collective memory of Iranians who lived in the early twelfth century. It further indicates that the features of such an exchange phenomenon bear a close resemblance to the material and cultural exchanges that occurred at a much earlier time all over the Eurasian continent.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77708606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.003
Mohammad Bagher Vosooghi
Abstract:The Muslim world has been learning about Korea for a long time. Historical evidence shows that some of this knowledge predates the Islamic era; indeed, Iranian merchants have nurtured ties since the era of the Sillā dynasty (57 BCE–935 CE). For centuries after the house's fall, the name stuck: References to Korea as Sillā, Shillā, and Basillā appear in Iranian historical and literary texts until the sixteenth century. By the thirteenth century, however, as Sino-Iranian connections grew, Muslims began to adopt a new name, Kao-li or Korea. Still, astronomers and geographers continued to use the name Sillā, as evidenced in astronomical texts written in the eleventh, thirteenth, and sixteenth centuries. In the fourteenth century, an interesting change in the evolution of the word Sillā occurred: Islamic ephemerides, diaries that chronicle astronomical positions, began to record the name Sillā in the same location along an eastern prime meridian as the toponym Kangdez. The origins of Kangdez—for example, whether it developed from an Iranian or Indian tradition—is unclear. Nonetheless, this widely used dual naming of a single geographical location persisted in Islamic astronomical texts into the sixteenth century. This article traces the transfer of geographical knowledge about Sillā and Kangdez into and throughout the Muslim world through the works of five generations of well-known Muslim astronomers, with a focus on their lesser-known works. It seeks to specify the manner in which astronomical knowledge about the location of Sillā and Kangdez circulated among Muslims from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries.
{"title":"GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF SILLĀ IN MUSLIM ASTRONOMICAL LITERATURE OF THE THIRTEENTH TO SIXTEENTH CENTURIES CE","authors":"Mohammad Bagher Vosooghi","doi":"10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Muslim world has been learning about Korea for a long time. Historical evidence shows that some of this knowledge predates the Islamic era; indeed, Iranian merchants have nurtured ties since the era of the Sillā dynasty (57 BCE–935 CE). For centuries after the house's fall, the name stuck: References to Korea as Sillā, Shillā, and Basillā appear in Iranian historical and literary texts until the sixteenth century. By the thirteenth century, however, as Sino-Iranian connections grew, Muslims began to adopt a new name, Kao-li or Korea. Still, astronomers and geographers continued to use the name Sillā, as evidenced in astronomical texts written in the eleventh, thirteenth, and sixteenth centuries. In the fourteenth century, an interesting change in the evolution of the word Sillā occurred: Islamic ephemerides, diaries that chronicle astronomical positions, began to record the name Sillā in the same location along an eastern prime meridian as the toponym Kangdez. The origins of Kangdez—for example, whether it developed from an Iranian or Indian tradition—is unclear. Nonetheless, this widely used dual naming of a single geographical location persisted in Islamic astronomical texts into the sixteenth century. This article traces the transfer of geographical knowledge about Sillā and Kangdez into and throughout the Muslim world through the works of five generations of well-known Muslim astronomers, with a focus on their lesser-known works. It seeks to specify the manner in which astronomical knowledge about the location of Sillā and Kangdez circulated among Muslims from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81091350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.18399/ACTA.2018.21.1.011
이상빈
{"title":"SHIFTS IN CHARACTERIZATION IN LITERARY TRANSLATION: REPRESENTATION OF THE “I”-PROTAGONIST OF YI SANG’S WINGS","authors":"이상빈","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2018.21.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2018.21.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86372805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.007
Seunghyun Han
{"title":"MING LOYALIST FAMILIES AND THE CHANGING MEANINGS OF CHOJONG’AM IN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY CHOSŎN","authors":"Seunghyun Han","doi":"10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2018.21.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75179362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.007
김민호
{"title":"ONE FROM THE EAST, ONE FROM THE WEST: THE UNEASY ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN HONG TAE-YONG AND AUGUSTIN HALLERSTEIN IN MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY BEIJING","authors":"김민호","doi":"10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"18 1","pages":"501-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88411953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.18399/ACTA.2017.20.2.010
P. S. Hee, K. Hyunwoo
Abstract:This study investigated offline and online comprehension of Korean locative alternation by Chinese-speaking second language (L2) learners of Korean. An acceptability judgment task and an online self-paced reading task were conducted with Chinese learners of Korean at higher- and lower-proficiency levels along with a control group of native Korean speakers. The outcomes of the acceptability judgment task showed that both L2 groups acquired the knowledge of Korean locative alternation. The results from the self-paced reading task demonstrated that native speakers and highly proficient L2 learners, but not learners with lower proficiency, showed sensitivity to the mismatch between case marking and verb semantics in their processing of locative constructions. These findings suggest that proficient Chinese speakers can process Korean locative constructions in a native-like manner, inconsistent with the claim that L2 processing is substantially different from native speaker processing.
{"title":"Second Language Acquisition and Processing of Korean Locative Constructions by Chinese Speakers","authors":"P. S. Hee, K. Hyunwoo","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2017.20.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2017.20.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study investigated offline and online comprehension of Korean locative alternation by Chinese-speaking second language (L2) learners of Korean. An acceptability judgment task and an online self-paced reading task were conducted with Chinese learners of Korean at higher- and lower-proficiency levels along with a control group of native Korean speakers. The outcomes of the acceptability judgment task showed that both L2 groups acquired the knowledge of Korean locative alternation. The results from the self-paced reading task demonstrated that native speakers and highly proficient L2 learners, but not learners with lower proficiency, showed sensitivity to the mismatch between case marking and verb semantics in their processing of locative constructions. These findings suggest that proficient Chinese speakers can process Korean locative constructions in a native-like manner, inconsistent with the claim that L2 processing is substantially different from native speaker processing.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"40 1","pages":"591 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88699978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.009
S. Gupta
Abstract:During the Japanese colonial period and after the arrival of Korean independence, Korean Buddhism experienced a noticeable revival and rise of Buddhist organizations and NGOs. This article aims to examine the characteristics of lay Buddhist communities, with special reference to the 'Buddhist Solidarity for Reform' (BSR) organization in contemporary South Korea, which is actively engaging the laity by defining the role of modern Buddhism. This leading organization began as a distinct community movement confined to the urban masses and based on Buddhist beliefs. The group seeks reform of monastic Buddhism and calls for deeper participation of the laity in Buddhist activities. The BSR represents the elite urban class and primarily functions as a moderator for socially engaged Buddhism. This organization not only deals with community matters but also serves to buttress promotion of Buddhist practices in everyday life. The BSR functions completely independently and is critical toward the monastic-centric Buddhist orders of South Korea. Describing historical shifts in the lay Buddhist movements, this study analyzes how the lay Buddhist organizations are raising their voices, furthering social agendas for the urban laity and expanding their social bases by forming religious social networks.
{"title":"Engaging the Urban Buddhist Laity: The 'Buddhist Solidarity for Reform' Organization in South Korea","authors":"S. Gupta","doi":"10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the Japanese colonial period and after the arrival of Korean independence, Korean Buddhism experienced a noticeable revival and rise of Buddhist organizations and NGOs. This article aims to examine the characteristics of lay Buddhist communities, with special reference to the 'Buddhist Solidarity for Reform' (BSR) organization in contemporary South Korea, which is actively engaging the laity by defining the role of modern Buddhism. This leading organization began as a distinct community movement confined to the urban masses and based on Buddhist beliefs. The group seeks reform of monastic Buddhism and calls for deeper participation of the laity in Buddhist activities. The BSR represents the elite urban class and primarily functions as a moderator for socially engaged Buddhism. This organization not only deals with community matters but also serves to buttress promotion of Buddhist practices in everyday life. The BSR functions completely independently and is critical toward the monastic-centric Buddhist orders of South Korea. Describing historical shifts in the lay Buddhist movements, this study analyzes how the lay Buddhist organizations are raising their voices, furthering social agendas for the urban laity and expanding their social bases by forming religious social networks.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"16 16 1","pages":"563 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83750576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.18399/ACTA.2017.20.2.008
H. Kahm
Abstract:After Liberation in 1945, the concept of democracy was introduced to southern Korea through discursively contested representations formulated by the American occupation authorities and Koreans on the political left and right. One of the main fields of contestation was in education as the Americans and Koreans advanced their own interpretations of democratic education that addressed the relationship between the individual and the state. The American perspective on democratic education was grounded in the progressive ideals sweeping the United States. However, progressivism contained an inherent contradiction as it attempted the depoliticization of education while protecting colonial-era collaborators and enforcing anti-communism. The left-wing liberal Korean perspective challenged the social and economic contradictions inherited from the colonial period by critiquing bourgeois individualism in favor of a socially-oriented democratic education. The right-wing conservative Korean position was divided between the New Education movement and democratic nationalist education, but the latter emerged as the dominant education philosophy of the Republic of Korea. Democratic nationalist education under An Ho-sang pushed an ultra-nationalist agenda that submerged individualism in favor of the state but ultimately dismayed the American occupation officials who had previously overseen education reform. The discourse of democracy in the post-Liberation period initiated an evolutionary process of democratic development that has continued through modern Korean history up to the present day.
{"title":"Teaching Democracy: The Discourse of Democracy and Education Reforms under the American Military Occupation of Korea, 1945–1948","authors":"H. Kahm","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2017.20.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2017.20.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:After Liberation in 1945, the concept of democracy was introduced to southern Korea through discursively contested representations formulated by the American occupation authorities and Koreans on the political left and right. One of the main fields of contestation was in education as the Americans and Koreans advanced their own interpretations of democratic education that addressed the relationship between the individual and the state. The American perspective on democratic education was grounded in the progressive ideals sweeping the United States. However, progressivism contained an inherent contradiction as it attempted the depoliticization of education while protecting colonial-era collaborators and enforcing anti-communism. The left-wing liberal Korean perspective challenged the social and economic contradictions inherited from the colonial period by critiquing bourgeois individualism in favor of a socially-oriented democratic education. The right-wing conservative Korean position was divided between the New Education movement and democratic nationalist education, but the latter emerged as the dominant education philosophy of the Republic of Korea. Democratic nationalist education under An Ho-sang pushed an ultra-nationalist agenda that submerged individualism in favor of the state but ultimately dismayed the American occupation officials who had previously overseen education reform. The discourse of democracy in the post-Liberation period initiated an evolutionary process of democratic development that has continued through modern Korean history up to the present day.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"19 1","pages":"529 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80330785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.006
Lim Young-ae
Abstract:Stone statues created for royal funerary sites first appear in the Unified Silla period (668–935) at the royal tomb of King Sŏngdŏk and symbolize the beginning of a funerary sculptural tradition that would later develop, albeit in a limited manner, into a uniquely Silla aesthetic. The stone statues can be categorized into two types. The first includes statues of military officials called mugwansang (武官像) while the second group is made up of statues of warriors called muinsang (武人像). However, only the first type can be found at the Sŏngdŏk burial site. The statues of military officials in the Silla dynasty are distinguishable by a number of characteristics such as the presence of armor, hidden hands and the presence of a sword. From a combined examination of historical records, contemporary stonework and contextual considerations, it can be concluded that the stone statues of the royal tombs were not produced simultaneously with the construction of the burial site as is generally believed. Rather, these stone statues were later additions commissioned by the successors of the buried individuals. The motivation prompting the production of these stone statues was dominantly political in nature but could be attributed to several reasons that were specific to each ruler's circumstances. Furthermore, the observed parallels between the Sŏngdŏk statues of military officials and their Tang dynasty equivalents suggest that the Korean tradition of funerary stone sculpture can trace its beginning to Chinese influence. However, the differences between the statues of each respective culture also signify that the Silla dynasty implemented its own aesthetic and eventually developed its own style though the production of such sculpture remained extremely restricted.
{"title":"Stone Statues at the Royal Tomb of King Sŏngdŏk (聖德王): The Beginning of Royal Funerary Sculpture in the Silla Dynasty","authors":"Lim Young-ae","doi":"10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2017.20.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Stone statues created for royal funerary sites first appear in the Unified Silla period (668–935) at the royal tomb of King Sŏngdŏk and symbolize the beginning of a funerary sculptural tradition that would later develop, albeit in a limited manner, into a uniquely Silla aesthetic. The stone statues can be categorized into two types. The first includes statues of military officials called mugwansang (武官像) while the second group is made up of statues of warriors called muinsang (武人像). However, only the first type can be found at the Sŏngdŏk burial site. The statues of military officials in the Silla dynasty are distinguishable by a number of characteristics such as the presence of armor, hidden hands and the presence of a sword. From a combined examination of historical records, contemporary stonework and contextual considerations, it can be concluded that the stone statues of the royal tombs were not produced simultaneously with the construction of the burial site as is generally believed. Rather, these stone statues were later additions commissioned by the successors of the buried individuals. The motivation prompting the production of these stone statues was dominantly political in nature but could be attributed to several reasons that were specific to each ruler's circumstances. Furthermore, the observed parallels between the Sŏngdŏk statues of military officials and their Tang dynasty equivalents suggest that the Korean tradition of funerary stone sculpture can trace its beginning to Chinese influence. However, the differences between the statues of each respective culture also signify that the Silla dynasty implemented its own aesthetic and eventually developed its own style though the production of such sculpture remained extremely restricted.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":"48 1","pages":"471 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81498249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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