Abstract The inaugural challenge of the 2016 Creative Construction Conference has posed two related questions on how many possible criticality constellations with different behaviors for delays and acceleration exist and how said constellations can occur for nonlinearly and monotonously progressing activities that have continuous relations. This paper systematically solves these questions by performing a thorough literature review, assembling theoretical foundations for link constellations, performing a computer simulation of all possible permutations, and providing a mathematical proof by contradiction. It is found that (for the initially assumed self-contained activities in a network schedule that exhibit only a linearly growing production), three newly hypothesized criticality constellations cannot exist. Nonlinear activity constellations with diverging or converging relative productivities are examined next. Lags in networks become buffers in linear schedules. It is found that a nonlinear curvature of the progress may induce middle-to-middle relations besides those between start and finish. If multiple curvatures are allowed, then partial segments can form relations, which increase the number of criticality constellations. This paper is extended from the 2017 Procedia Engineering conference version.
{"title":"Precedence permutation patterns creating criticality constellations: Exploring a conjecture on nonlinear activities with continuous links","authors":"G. Lucko, Yi Su","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The inaugural challenge of the 2016 Creative Construction Conference has posed two related questions on how many possible criticality constellations with different behaviors for delays and acceleration exist and how said constellations can occur for nonlinearly and monotonously progressing activities that have continuous relations. This paper systematically solves these questions by performing a thorough literature review, assembling theoretical foundations for link constellations, performing a computer simulation of all possible permutations, and providing a mathematical proof by contradiction. It is found that (for the initially assumed self-contained activities in a network schedule that exhibit only a linearly growing production), three newly hypothesized criticality constellations cannot exist. Nonlinear activity constellations with diverging or converging relative productivities are examined next. Lags in networks become buffers in linear schedules. It is found that a nonlinear curvature of the progress may induce middle-to-middle relations besides those between start and finish. If multiple curvatures are allowed, then partial segments can form relations, which increase the number of criticality constellations. This paper is extended from the 2017 Procedia Engineering conference version.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"10 1","pages":"1674 - 1683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48222123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As practice shows, the success of project implementation depends on the clear and integrated interaction between stakeholders, the project manager, and the movable context. Such an interaction exists on the level of mental spaces. If the mental spaces are congruent, in other words, all things are in the space of clear and univocal understanding of all aspects of the project, “are speaking the same language,” then project implementation is clear, exact, and in time. On practice, it is observed that full understanding is absent during project initialization and implementation and mental space cannot be congruent completely or is congruent partially. This situation exists during the implementation of the international projects, which involves working together with specialists from different countries. In this case, the project manager must organize interaction between different mental spaces. A research hypothesis consists of the assumption that the interaction between mental spaces of the movable context, stakeholders, and the project manager is carried out in a blended mental space. This space is temporary in relative to other mental spaces during the project life cycle; the project manager should manage this space through the usage of different skills. The research was carried out by scientific methods of theories of mental and blended spaces, and the theory of knowledge, i.e. theoretical and empirical research using project management approaches. The research’s results showed that organization of interaction in the blended mental space with using appropriate competencies of the project manager provides successful project implementation. The theoretical base of research is presented in the example of the implementation of one of the largest infrastructure projects in Ukraine: New Safe Confinement Construction.
{"title":"Interaction researching mental spaces of movable context, stakeholders, and project manager","authors":"O. Verenych, S. Bushuyev","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As practice shows, the success of project implementation depends on the clear and integrated interaction between stakeholders, the project manager, and the movable context. Such an interaction exists on the level of mental spaces. If the mental spaces are congruent, in other words, all things are in the space of clear and univocal understanding of all aspects of the project, “are speaking the same language,” then project implementation is clear, exact, and in time. On practice, it is observed that full understanding is absent during project initialization and implementation and mental space cannot be congruent completely or is congruent partially. This situation exists during the implementation of the international projects, which involves working together with specialists from different countries. In this case, the project manager must organize interaction between different mental spaces. A research hypothesis consists of the assumption that the interaction between mental spaces of the movable context, stakeholders, and the project manager is carried out in a blended mental space. This space is temporary in relative to other mental spaces during the project life cycle; the project manager should manage this space through the usage of different skills. The research was carried out by scientific methods of theories of mental and blended spaces, and the theory of knowledge, i.e. theoretical and empirical research using project management approaches. The research’s results showed that organization of interaction in the blended mental space with using appropriate competencies of the project manager provides successful project implementation. The theoretical base of research is presented in the example of the implementation of one of the largest infrastructure projects in Ukraine: New Safe Confinement Construction.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"10 1","pages":"1684 - 1695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although the quality of a process affects the quality of the end product, there is currently an insignificant amount of knowledge about the quality of project management (PM) processes that directly affect the quality of the delivered product (constructed building). This study presents a proposal for modeling the impact of the quality of the PM process on the quality of the constructed building. The quality of the PM process is represented by the main quality factors and product quality indicators. It presents the results of the interviews that were conducted and study cases that were analyzed in Bosnia and Herzegovina with a variety of project participants (with different managerial perspectives) in terms of the indicators of quality of the delivered product. All participants, regardless of managerial perspective, believe that the most important indicator of the quality of products for each phase of the project is “customer satisfaction in the end phase”, the measurement of which is different for each project phase that is presented. The results of the factor analysis of the definition and the planning phases show that 11 variables, namely, the quality factors of the PM process, can be grouped into three new factors, which is described as 66.61% (77.046%) of the basic set of variables.
{"title":"Assessing the influence of project management on quality during the early phases of construction projects","authors":"Žanesa Ljevo, M. Vukomanović, Suada Džebo","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the quality of a process affects the quality of the end product, there is currently an insignificant amount of knowledge about the quality of project management (PM) processes that directly affect the quality of the delivered product (constructed building). This study presents a proposal for modeling the impact of the quality of the PM process on the quality of the constructed building. The quality of the PM process is represented by the main quality factors and product quality indicators. It presents the results of the interviews that were conducted and study cases that were analyzed in Bosnia and Herzegovina with a variety of project participants (with different managerial perspectives) in terms of the indicators of quality of the delivered product. All participants, regardless of managerial perspective, believe that the most important indicator of the quality of products for each phase of the project is “customer satisfaction in the end phase”, the measurement of which is different for each project phase that is presented. The results of the factor analysis of the definition and the planning phases show that 11 variables, namely, the quality factors of the PM process, can be grouped into three new factors, which is described as 66.61% (77.046%) of the basic set of variables.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1584 - 1592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41428062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Stigmatized property is real estate burdened with an external negative effect. Individual cases are spread along a broad spectrum, along many dimensions that include the rational and the irrational, the acute and the chronic. Examples for the stigmatizing effect are a nearby airport, ground water contaminated by chemicals, presence of a high-voltage power line, and so on. Evaluation of these properties needs special methodology. Stigma can reduce the property’s market value through a particular, multi-layered filter. The author systematically examines the professional literature’s cases of evaluation of stigmatized properties. The research aims to organize and compare the cases in order to calculate the market value of stigmatized properties. Based on the analysis, six significant dimensions are identified. A focus group of 19 experts examined and individually evaluated the stigmatizing effects along these different dimensions. The author suggests that it is possible to estimate the stigma’s effect and compare different cases to one another effectively. The results allow the international methodology of valuation to be processed.
{"title":"Evaluation of stigmatized properties","authors":"I. Hajnal","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stigmatized property is real estate burdened with an external negative effect. Individual cases are spread along a broad spectrum, along many dimensions that include the rational and the irrational, the acute and the chronic. Examples for the stigmatizing effect are a nearby airport, ground water contaminated by chemicals, presence of a high-voltage power line, and so on. Evaluation of these properties needs special methodology. Stigma can reduce the property’s market value through a particular, multi-layered filter. The author systematically examines the professional literature’s cases of evaluation of stigmatized properties. The research aims to organize and compare the cases in order to calculate the market value of stigmatized properties. Based on the analysis, six significant dimensions are identified. A focus group of 19 experts examined and individually evaluated the stigmatizing effects along these different dimensions. The author suggests that it is possible to estimate the stigma’s effect and compare different cases to one another effectively. The results allow the international methodology of valuation to be processed.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1615 - 1626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67253701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Elements that constitute the built environment are vast and so are the independent systems developed to model its various aspects. Many of these systems have been developed under various assumptions and approaches to execute functions that are distinct, complementary or sometimes similar. Furthermore, these systems are ever increasing in number and often assume similar nomenclatures and acronyms, thereby exacerbating the challenges of understanding their peculiar functions, definitions and differences. The current societal demand to improve sustainability performance through collaboration as well as whole-system and through-life thinking is driving the need to integrate independent systems associated with different aspects and scales of the built environment to deliver smart solutions and services that improve the well-being of citizens. The contemporary object-oriented digitization of real-world elements appears to provide a leeway for amalgamating the modelling systems of various domains in the built environment which we termed as built environment information modelling (BeIM). These domains include architecture, engineering, construction as well as urban planning and design. Applications such as building information modelling, geographic information systems and 3D city modelling systems are now being integrated for city modelling purposes. The various works directed at integrating these systems are examined, revealing that current research efforts on integration fall into three categories: (1) data/file conversion systems, (2) semantic mapping systems and (3) the hybrid of both. The review outcome suggests that good knowledge of these domains and how their respective systems operate is vital to pursuing holistic systems integration in the built environment.
{"title":"A state-of-the-art review of built environment information modelling (BeIM)","authors":"J. Tah, A. Oti, F. H. Abanda","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Elements that constitute the built environment are vast and so are the independent systems developed to model its various aspects. Many of these systems have been developed under various assumptions and approaches to execute functions that are distinct, complementary or sometimes similar. Furthermore, these systems are ever increasing in number and often assume similar nomenclatures and acronyms, thereby exacerbating the challenges of understanding their peculiar functions, definitions and differences. The current societal demand to improve sustainability performance through collaboration as well as whole-system and through-life thinking is driving the need to integrate independent systems associated with different aspects and scales of the built environment to deliver smart solutions and services that improve the well-being of citizens. The contemporary object-oriented digitization of real-world elements appears to provide a leeway for amalgamating the modelling systems of various domains in the built environment which we termed as built environment information modelling (BeIM). These domains include architecture, engineering, construction as well as urban planning and design. Applications such as building information modelling, geographic information systems and 3D city modelling systems are now being integrated for city modelling purposes. The various works directed at integrating these systems are examined, revealing that current research efforts on integration fall into three categories: (1) data/file conversion systems, (2) semantic mapping systems and (3) the hybrid of both. The review outcome suggests that good knowledge of these domains and how their respective systems operate is vital to pursuing holistic systems integration in the built environment.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1638 - 1654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents strategies for teaching scheduling methods such as takt-time, flowlines, and point-to-point precedence relations (PTPPRs) using building information modeling (BIM) models in the Last Planner System. This article is the extended version of the article entitled “Teaching Takt-Time, Flowline and Point-to-point Precedence Relations: A Peruvian Case Study,” which has been published in Procedia Engineering (Vol. 196, 2017, pages 666–673). A case study is conducted in final year students of civil engineering at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. The mock-up project is an educational building that has high repetitive processes in the structural works phase. First, traditional tools such as Excel spreadsheets and 2D drawings were used to teach production system design with takt-time, flowlines, and PTPPR. Second, 3D and 4D models with Revit 2016 and Navisworks 2016 were used to integrate the previous schedules with a BIM model and to identify its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, Vico Office was used for the automation of schedules and comparison of the methods in 4D and 5D. This article describes the lectures, workshops, and simulations employed, as well as the feedback from students and researchers. The success of the teaching strategy is reflected in the survey responses from students and the final perceptions of the construction management tools presented.
{"title":"Comparing three scheduling methods using BIM models in the Last Planner System","authors":"X. Brioso, Danny Murguia, A. Urbina","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents strategies for teaching scheduling methods such as takt-time, flowlines, and point-to-point precedence relations (PTPPRs) using building information modeling (BIM) models in the Last Planner System. This article is the extended version of the article entitled “Teaching Takt-Time, Flowline and Point-to-point Precedence Relations: A Peruvian Case Study,” which has been published in Procedia Engineering (Vol. 196, 2017, pages 666–673). A case study is conducted in final year students of civil engineering at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. The mock-up project is an educational building that has high repetitive processes in the structural works phase. First, traditional tools such as Excel spreadsheets and 2D drawings were used to teach production system design with takt-time, flowlines, and PTPPR. Second, 3D and 4D models with Revit 2016 and Navisworks 2016 were used to integrate the previous schedules with a BIM model and to identify its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, Vico Office was used for the automation of schedules and comparison of the methods in 4D and 5D. This article describes the lectures, workshops, and simulations employed, as well as the feedback from students and researchers. The success of the teaching strategy is reflected in the survey responses from students and the final perceptions of the construction management tools presented.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1604 - 1614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47875863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the Engineering Project Organization Society (EPOS) has addressed the issue of megaprojects at their annual conferences organized from 2006 to 2016. The literature analysis used in this paper is a form of content analysis. It focuses on the usage of a particular term in scientific papers. In this case, the key term is “megaprojects” or “mega-projects”. Papers in which this term appears are selected for further analysis. The findings show that the main keyword “megaproject” or “mega-project” appears 22 times in the identified papers. It appears in 10 titles and nine abstracts. Most important for this literature analysis, it appears in seven lists of keywords. Literature analysis proceeded by analyzing the associated keywords in the seven papers in which the main keyword “megaproject” or “mega-projects” can be found in the listed keywords. The analysis shows that the main associated keywords are “governance”, “complexity”, and “trust”. This research provides a view of the collective understanding of megaprojects within the EPOS community and helps to shape further research in this field. In addition, the results of this research can be seen as a step forward for scholars and practitioners to discuss and develop a new theoretical framework for better understanding of megaproject governance.
{"title":"The Engineering Project Organization Society and megaprojects: literature analysis using keywords","authors":"A. Cerić, J. Sertić","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the Engineering Project Organization Society (EPOS) has addressed the issue of megaprojects at their annual conferences organized from 2006 to 2016. The literature analysis used in this paper is a form of content analysis. It focuses on the usage of a particular term in scientific papers. In this case, the key term is “megaprojects” or “mega-projects”. Papers in which this term appears are selected for further analysis. The findings show that the main keyword “megaproject” or “mega-project” appears 22 times in the identified papers. It appears in 10 titles and nine abstracts. Most important for this literature analysis, it appears in seven lists of keywords. Literature analysis proceeded by analyzing the associated keywords in the seven papers in which the main keyword “megaproject” or “mega-projects” can be found in the listed keywords. The analysis shows that the main associated keywords are “governance”, “complexity”, and “trust”. This research provides a view of the collective understanding of megaprojects within the EPOS community and helps to shape further research in this field. In addition, the results of this research can be seen as a step forward for scholars and practitioners to discuss and develop a new theoretical framework for better understanding of megaproject governance.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"11 1","pages":"1968 - 1974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41680917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The 2030 strategy of sustainable development in Egypt is based on integrated goals, including Human Resource Development. Egypt has ~9,540 disabled architects, who can play an important role in achieving competitive advantage through their integration in Architectural Design Firms (ADFs). By neglecting the benefits of integrating disabled architects, ADFs encounter the risk of losing unique skills and competent personnel. This article investigates the integration of disabled architects in ADFs as an approach for achieving competitive advantage. To achieve this aim, a research methodology consisting of literature review, case studies, and survey questionnaire has been adopted, and it is designed to achieve five objectives. First, literature review is used to investigate the concepts of disabilities and competitive advantage, as well as the relation between integrating disabled architects and the achievement of competitiveness in ADFs. Second, six case studies are presented and analyzed to investigate the role and process of achieving competitive advantage in ADFs through employing disabled architects. Third, the results of a survey questionnaire are analyzed to examine the perception regarding and application of employing disabled architects as an approach for achieving competitive advantage in ADFs in Egypt. Fourth, a framework is developed to facilitate the integration of disabled architects in ADFs with the goal of achieving competitive advantage. Finally, the research findings are summarized and recommendations are put forth. The value of this research stems from the need to address the issue of lack of employment of disabled architects in ADFs and the benefits of making better use of their unique capabilities and skills toward achieving competitiveness. In addition, this research covers a controversial topic that receives scant attention in construction literature, especially in Egypt.
{"title":"Achieving competitive advantage through the integration of disabled architects in architectural design firms in Egypt","authors":"A. Othman, M. Sorial","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 2030 strategy of sustainable development in Egypt is based on integrated goals, including Human Resource Development. Egypt has ~9,540 disabled architects, who can play an important role in achieving competitive advantage through their integration in Architectural Design Firms (ADFs). By neglecting the benefits of integrating disabled architects, ADFs encounter the risk of losing unique skills and competent personnel. This article investigates the integration of disabled architects in ADFs as an approach for achieving competitive advantage. To achieve this aim, a research methodology consisting of literature review, case studies, and survey questionnaire has been adopted, and it is designed to achieve five objectives. First, literature review is used to investigate the concepts of disabilities and competitive advantage, as well as the relation between integrating disabled architects and the achievement of competitiveness in ADFs. Second, six case studies are presented and analyzed to investigate the role and process of achieving competitive advantage in ADFs through employing disabled architects. Third, the results of a survey questionnaire are analyzed to examine the perception regarding and application of employing disabled architects as an approach for achieving competitive advantage in ADFs in Egypt. Fourth, a framework is developed to facilitate the integration of disabled architects in ADFs with the goal of achieving competitive advantage. Finally, the research findings are summarized and recommendations are put forth. The value of this research stems from the need to address the issue of lack of employment of disabled architects in ADFs and the benefits of making better use of their unique capabilities and skills toward achieving competitiveness. In addition, this research covers a controversial topic that receives scant attention in construction literature, especially in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1547 - 1558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42338061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this research is to develop a methodology for calculating the standard time using neural networks. The paper presents research questions and proposes a methodology. In addition, the methods used to calculate the standard time in the Czech Republic and in other parts of the world are presented, and the basics of the mathematics of neural networks are shortly explained. The paper also provides an example that represents a simple application of a neural network. This example is designed to confirm some assumptions and to arrive at the basic conclusions regarding the operation of models created using neural networks.
{"title":"Modeling of the Time Structure of Construction Processes Using Neural Networks","authors":"Kateřina Petlíková, Č. Jarský","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this research is to develop a methodology for calculating the standard time using neural networks. The paper presents research questions and proposes a methodology. In addition, the methods used to calculate the standard time in the Czech Republic and in other parts of the world are presented, and the basics of the mathematics of neural networks are shortly explained. The paper also provides an example that represents a simple application of a neural network. This example is designed to confirm some assumptions and to arrive at the basic conclusions regarding the operation of models created using neural networks.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1559 - 1564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43702948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract After a long period of one-way consumerist attitude toward nature, there have been some alternate perspectives on the systemic relationship between humans and nature, which have been again brought up during the past few decades. Since the late twentieth century, fractal architecture has been one of the most important themes discussed in architecture and it is based on the chaos and complexity theories. Critics often criticize this architecture due to its lack of architectural values, practicality, and attention to economy, culture, and history. The current study aims to clarify the scientific theories that are the theoretical foundations of this approach in contemporary architecture. By categorizing the practical examples of this architectural approach, they are analyzed in terms of their relationship with nature using the logical reasoning method to achieve a favorable architecture. In fact, the gap between this architecture and nature’s behavior is shown.
{"title":"Recognition of the role of nature in the formation of fractal architecture","authors":"S. S. Mirmoradi","doi":"10.1515/otmcj-2016-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After a long period of one-way consumerist attitude toward nature, there have been some alternate perspectives on the systemic relationship between humans and nature, which have been again brought up during the past few decades. Since the late twentieth century, fractal architecture has been one of the most important themes discussed in architecture and it is based on the chaos and complexity theories. Critics often criticize this architecture due to its lack of architectural values, practicality, and attention to economy, culture, and history. The current study aims to clarify the scientific theories that are the theoretical foundations of this approach in contemporary architecture. By categorizing the practical examples of this architectural approach, they are analyzed in terms of their relationship with nature using the logical reasoning method to achieve a favorable architecture. In fact, the gap between this architecture and nature’s behavior is shown.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1574 - 1583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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