Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2021.1935562
C. Karki
ABSTRACT While Bitran and Tan (2013. Diaspora Nation: An Inquiry into the Economic Potential of Diaspora Networks in Canada. Toronto: Mowat Centre, University of Toronto, 8) believe that Canada (Turtle Island) is a ‘diaspora nation’, it is also evident that Canada as a settler colonial state has deeply rooted systemic and blatant forms of racism that have historically victimized and otherized diasporic communities of colour for the purpose of maintaining and perpetuating White hegemony. Even though cultural diversity and diasporic identities are often hailed to have underpinned Canadian ‘multiculturalism’, the aforementioned contradiction unravels the discourse or intent of multiculturalism in Canada – a country not fostering inclusivity, equality and justice for all the marginalized populations – but quite strikingly the opposite – the politics of Whiteness undergirded by the legacy of settler colonialism, historically. The identity of Canada as a country embracing ‘multiculturalism’ has a deeply rooted history of settler colonialism and its devastating consequences on Indigenous peoples living in this land for thousands of years before the arrival of White European settlers. And, of course, a plethora of studies have been done concerning those issues of racism, multiculturalism, settle colonialism and so forth in Canada. Similarly, a number of studies do exist that explore numerous diasporic identities based on their countries of origin. However, in this essay, I explore intersectional nature of three broad diasporic identities – Indigenous, Black and immigrant peoples of colour in Canada – who have common and intersecting experiences of forced/voluntary dispersal, homelessness, cultural alienation, marginalization, and so forth. Based on the intersecting experiences, the diasporas in Canada can ramp up an effective alliance to fight the injustices caused by White people through various institutions and state apparatuses. In order to critically examine the intersectionality of the three overarching diasporas and their issues, the essay uses Critical Race Theoretical (CRT) approach of intersectionality, postcolonial as well as Indigenous perspective to better understand how the diasporas are nuanced and interrelated despite their unique issues and existential characteristics. Similarly, viewing the diasporic intersection in Canada from critical race theoretical notion of intersectionality together with Indigenous perspective offers an understanding on how different diasporas in Canada and elsewhere share similar historical experiences and, at the same time, forge solidarity for their common good. On the one hand, the diasporic convergence with Indigenous peoples in it (re)fashions the Native space as an equitable space grounded on traditional Indigenous metaphor of common pot – inclusivity, renewal, mutual respect and responsibility, and on the other, it also highlights the necessity of critically (re)examining diasporas in Turtle Island by con
Bitran and Tan(2013)。散居民族:加拿大散居网络的经济潜力探讨。多伦多:多伦多大学莫瓦特中心，8)认为加拿大(海龟岛)是一个“散居国家”，也很明显，加拿大作为一个移民殖民国家，根深蒂固的系统性和公然形式的种族主义，历史上一直在伤害和其他流散的有色人种社区，以维持和延续白人霸权。尽管文化多样性和散居身份经常被称赞为加拿大“多元文化主义”的基础，但上述矛盾揭示了加拿大多元文化主义的话语或意图——加拿大不是一个为所有边缘化人口培养包容性、平等和正义的国家——而是一个截然相反的国家——历史上定居者殖民主义遗产所支撑的白人政治。加拿大作为一个信奉“多元文化主义”的国家，其移民殖民主义的历史根深蒂固，在欧洲白人定居者到来之前，移民殖民主义对居住在这片土地上的土著人民造成了数千年的毁灭性后果。当然，关于加拿大的种族主义、多元文化主义、定居殖民主义等问题，已经做了大量的研究。同样，确实存在一些研究，根据他们的原籍国探索了许多散居者的身份。然而，在这篇文章中，我探讨了三种广泛的散居身份的交叉性——加拿大的土著、黑人和有色人种移民——他们在被迫/自愿分散、无家可归、文化异化、边缘化等方面有着共同和交叉的经历。基于这些相互交织的经历，加拿大的侨民可以通过各种机构和国家机器建立一个有效的联盟，以对抗白人造成的不公正。为了批判性地审视三个总体散居者及其问题的交叉性，本文使用批判性种族理论(CRT)的交叉性方法，后殖民和土著视角，以更好地理解散居者是如何微妙和相互关联的，尽管他们有独特的问题和存在特征。同样，从交叉性的批判性种族理论概念和土著视角来看待加拿大的流散交集，可以理解加拿大和其他地方的不同流散者如何分享相似的历史经历，同时为他们的共同利益建立团结。一方面，与土著人民在其中的流散融合(重新)塑造了土著空间，使其成为一个基于传统土著隐喻的公平空间，即包容、更新、相互尊重和责任，另一方面，它也强调了批判性(重新)审查海龟岛流散者的必要性，将土著视为话语的一个组成部分-研究流散者，而不是孤立于土著人民;而是作为交叉的身份，可以这么说。
{"title":"Diasporas intersect in Turtle Island: examining diasporic intersectionality in Canada from critical race, postcolonial and Indigenous perspectives","authors":"C. Karki","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2021.1935562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2021.1935562","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 While Bitran and Tan (2013. Diaspora Nation: An Inquiry into the Economic Potential of Diaspora Networks in Canada. Toronto: Mowat Centre, University of Toronto, 8) believe that Canada (Turtle Island) is a ‘diaspora nation’, it is also evident that Canada as a settler colonial state has deeply rooted systemic and blatant forms of racism that have historically victimized and otherized diasporic communities of colour for the purpose of maintaining and perpetuating White hegemony. Even though cultural diversity and diasporic identities are often hailed to have underpinned Canadian ‘multiculturalism’, the aforementioned contradiction unravels the discourse or intent of multiculturalism in Canada – a country not fostering inclusivity, equality and justice for all the marginalized populations – but quite strikingly the opposite – the politics of Whiteness undergirded by the legacy of settler colonialism, historically. The identity of Canada as a country embracing ‘multiculturalism’ has a deeply rooted history of settler colonialism and its devastating consequences on Indigenous peoples living in this land for thousands of years before the arrival of White European settlers. And, of course, a plethora of studies have been done concerning those issues of racism, multiculturalism, settle colonialism and so forth in Canada. Similarly, a number of studies do exist that explore numerous diasporic identities based on their countries of origin. However, in this essay, I explore intersectional nature of three broad diasporic identities – Indigenous, Black and immigrant peoples of colour in Canada – who have common and intersecting experiences of forced/voluntary dispersal, homelessness, cultural alienation, marginalization, and so forth. Based on the intersecting experiences, the diasporas in Canada can ramp up an effective alliance to fight the injustices caused by White people through various institutions and state apparatuses. In order to critically examine the intersectionality of the three overarching diasporas and their issues, the essay uses Critical Race Theoretical (CRT) approach of intersectionality, postcolonial as well as Indigenous perspective to better understand how the diasporas are nuanced and interrelated despite their unique issues and existential characteristics. Similarly, viewing the diasporic intersection in Canada from critical race theoretical notion of intersectionality together with Indigenous perspective offers an understanding on how different diasporas in Canada and elsewhere share similar historical experiences and, at the same time, forge solidarity for their common good. On the one hand, the diasporic convergence with Indigenous peoples in it (re)fashions the Native space as an equitable space grounded on traditional Indigenous metaphor of common pot – inclusivity, renewal, mutual respect and responsibility, and on the other, it also highlights the necessity of critically (re)examining diasporas in Turtle Island by con","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"143 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2021.1935562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43511956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2021.1935566
Chi P. Pham
ABSTRACT This research report describes individual Indian descendants in Ho Chi Minh city in the aim of raising research questions for the scholarship of Indian diaspora studies. I focus on the Indian diasporic members who are largely descendants of those who, in the second half of the nineteenth century and before, migrated from French–British India to Vietnam. They are economically and culturally different from the current Indian expats, the members of the capitalized 'Cộng Đồng Người Ấn Độ' (Indian Community) in Vietnam. The current Indian immigrants largely work in Indian companies and multinational groups. In other words, the Indians in Vietnam are not classified either as children of 'Kinh paternalism' or of Vietnamese 'state paternalism' (Salemink, The Ethnography of Vietnam’s Central Highlanders: A Historical Contextualization, 1850–1900. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003, 258, 287). Nor, are they perceptually overseas daughters and sons of 'Hindu paternalism' (Omvedt, Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1993, 31). The Indian descendants in Vietnam belong nowhere politically. The ambiguity of the Indian descendants in Vietnamese history and society does not suggest that they would be a research subject of the Indian or South Asian diasporas in the field of diaspora studies. Indeed, exploring the Indian diaspora in the dynamic contexts of Vietnamese nationalism offers a new direction in the diaspora studies in general and South Asian diasporas in particular. The report is based on my ethnographic research in Ho Chi Minh City in 2012–2014 at Indian individuals’ houses and at cultural centres.
{"title":"Uncategorized Indians in Vietnam and questions for diaspora studies","authors":"Chi P. Pham","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2021.1935566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2021.1935566","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research report describes individual Indian descendants in Ho Chi Minh city in the aim of raising research questions for the scholarship of Indian diaspora studies. I focus on the Indian diasporic members who are largely descendants of those who, in the second half of the nineteenth century and before, migrated from French–British India to Vietnam. They are economically and culturally different from the current Indian expats, the members of the capitalized 'Cộng Đồng Người Ấn Độ' (Indian Community) in Vietnam. The current Indian immigrants largely work in Indian companies and multinational groups. In other words, the Indians in Vietnam are not classified either as children of 'Kinh paternalism' or of Vietnamese 'state paternalism' (Salemink, The Ethnography of Vietnam’s Central Highlanders: A Historical Contextualization, 1850–1900. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003, 258, 287). Nor, are they perceptually overseas daughters and sons of 'Hindu paternalism' (Omvedt, Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1993, 31). The Indian descendants in Vietnam belong nowhere politically. The ambiguity of the Indian descendants in Vietnamese history and society does not suggest that they would be a research subject of the Indian or South Asian diasporas in the field of diaspora studies. Indeed, exploring the Indian diaspora in the dynamic contexts of Vietnamese nationalism offers a new direction in the diaspora studies in general and South Asian diasporas in particular. The report is based on my ethnographic research in Ho Chi Minh City in 2012–2014 at Indian individuals’ houses and at cultural centres.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"200 ","pages":"179 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2021.1935566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41274006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-12DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1852370
Eric Fleisch
ABSTRACT This article tells the story of duelling philosophies over money and power in the philanthropic relationship between American Jews and Israelis during the twentieth century. Its purpose is to provide one case study for how an affluent diaspora community and the leadership of the corresponding ethnic homeland viewed the roles each should play in allocating funds. It details the battle over two conflicting schools of thought for how best to control the nature and flow of American Jewish philanthropy to the Yishuv and early Israeli State. It then describes the extensive steps taken by the eventual winning side to entrench a culture of American deference to Israelis in allocations decision making as the dominant mode of philanthropic partnership in the second half of the twentieth century. The relationship dynamics and tactical measures employed in the battle over allocations discussed in this case provide a framework for analysing other similar homeland-diaspora philanthropic relationships.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2019.1705695
Georgeline B. Jaca, Ador R. Torneo
ABSTRACT This study explains the low Overseas Voting (OV) participation among Filipino migrants, by examining OV in Japan in the 2016 elections. Feddersen and Sandroni’s ([2006]. “A Theory of Participation in Elections.” American Economic Review 96 (4): 1271–1282. doi:10.1257/aer.96.4.1271) rational model of electoral participation is adopted to produce evidence-based claims on why OV among Filipino migrants in Japan is low. By examining the perceived benefits, costs, and sense of citizen duty of the overseas Filipinos vis-à-vis their physical absence from their (imagined) homeland, this study shows that voting costs overwhelm the benefits of voting and migrants tend to exercise their citizenship through other means. The low electoral participation of overseas Filipinos is not a manifestation of the loss of allegiance to the homeland nor political disinterest. Rather, voting is not seen as an urgent need nor a responsibility as an overseas national, albeit acknowledged as a civic duty. These have important implications for improving OV participation among Filipinos and other diaspora communities that chronically have low electoral participation.
摘要本研究通过分析2016年日本大选中菲律宾移民海外投票(OV)的参与率，来解释菲律宾移民海外投票的低参与率。Feddersen and Sandroni[2006]。“选举参与理论”。经济评论(4):1271-1282。(doi:10.1257/aer.96.4.1271)采用选举参与的理性模型，对日本菲律宾移民的OV低的原因提出基于证据的主张。通过考察海外菲律宾人对-à-vis他们实际离开(想象中的)家园的感知收益、成本和公民责任感，本研究表明，投票成本压倒了投票的收益，移民倾向于通过其他方式行使其公民身份。海外菲律宾人的低投票率并不表明他们对祖国失去了忠诚，也不表明他们对政治不感兴趣。相反，投票不被视为海外公民的迫切需要，也不被视为一种责任，尽管它被视为一种公民义务。这对改善菲律宾人和其他长期投票率低的散居社区的选举外组织参与具有重要意义。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1827666
Arielle Goldschläger, Camilla Orjuela
ABSTRACT In a gesture of reconciliation, Spain and Portugal in 2015 passed bills inviting the descendants of Sephardic Jews – expelled 500 years earlier – to acquire citizenship. Applicants are to ascertain their Sephardic heritage through family trees, evidence of belonging to a religious community, language skills and/or retained links with the homeland. This article explores applicants’ motivations to request citizenship and the ways in which legal provisions, religious associations, and the migration industry become gatekeepers of and (re)shape what it means to be Sephardic. Based on interviews with applicants and other actors involved, the article discusses how states, religious associations, applicants themselves and businesses facilitate and define the process towards citizenship. It also points to how the repatriation laws have spurred identification with – but also alienation from – Spain and Portugal, by making it possible to gain an attractive EU passport, while encouraging the revisiting of a painful past.
{"title":"Return after 500 years? Spanish and Portuguese repatriation laws and the reconstruction of Sephardic identity","authors":"Arielle Goldschläger, Camilla Orjuela","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1827666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1827666","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In a gesture of reconciliation, Spain and Portugal in 2015 passed bills inviting the descendants of Sephardic Jews – expelled 500 years earlier – to acquire citizenship. Applicants are to ascertain their Sephardic heritage through family trees, evidence of belonging to a religious community, language skills and/or retained links with the homeland. This article explores applicants’ motivations to request citizenship and the ways in which legal provisions, religious associations, and the migration industry become gatekeepers of and (re)shape what it means to be Sephardic. Based on interviews with applicants and other actors involved, the article discusses how states, religious associations, applicants themselves and businesses facilitate and define the process towards citizenship. It also points to how the repatriation laws have spurred identification with – but also alienation from – Spain and Portugal, by making it possible to gain an attractive EU passport, while encouraging the revisiting of a painful past.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"97 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1827666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44841454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1827667
David B. Carment, Milana Nikolko, Samuel MacIsaac
ABSTRACT Canada’s Ukrainian diaspora occupy an enviable, if not rare, ‘intergenerational sweet spot’. This sweet spot endows them with a high degree of positionality within Canada, enabling both long and short-term support for Ukraine since the crisis began in 2014. In examining Ukrainian diaspora positionality in the Canadian context, we find there are varied strategies that help offset hardship at the community and household level while addressing the long-term fragility of the country. While new migrants and temporary workers are actively remitting back home, older generation diaspora members compensate for smaller remittance volumes by lobbying and by influencing the state apparatus through various forms of political and social activism. This has the effect of shifting the costs borne by individuals to the host state and is consistent with our insights on principal-agent relations between states and diaspora. Although Ukraine’s macroeconomic performance will remain fragile for the foreseeable future, we identify four complementary forms of diaspora engagement in times of crisis, namely the mobilization of aid, political activism and volunteering, remittances and other financial flows, and delegating responsibilities to host-country institutions.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1816801
Suraj Yengde
ABSTRACT This paper looks at the implementation of the notorious Group Areas Act between 1952 and 1962, and the struggle of the Transvaal Indian community in responding to the Act. Since the Group Areas Act threatened the very existence of the Indian community in South Africa, two major Indian bodies – Natal Indian Congress (NIC) and Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) – played a pivotal role in promoting regional awareness of the Act by organizing important conferences protesting against the Act. The Indian community came together as a unified group to narrate historical atrocities, something that was never discussed among the Indian circles before. There were incidents during the Group Areas Act protest when the Indian community leadership was divided over ideological differences in the Transvaal region. Incidents like these suggest that the unity within the Indian leadership, which is often discussed in the South African race history, was subject to public scrutiny. Drawing upon the archival materials of Transvaal Indian Congress Mass Conference in 1962 and the private papers of prominent Indian figures such as Amina Cachalia and the collections of Hassim Seedat along with in-depth interviews with activists, merchants and residents of Fordsburg, this paper aims to provide exclusive insights into the tactics employed by the Indian organizations in mobilizing against the Act.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1852367
M. Ray
sneak preview of the history of migration from an erstwhile British Colony to the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Overall, the book is a fine work of story-telling, the artistic portrayal migration of women from Guyana as well as those who stayed back. However, the authors have neglected the challenges faced by women as migrant and then as a woman. The volume is an exceptional contribution to the field of migration and diaspora. Still, it may disappoint those readers who should be looking for data-oriented or theoryoriented work on migration and diaspora.
{"title":"Indentured and post-indentured experience of women in the Indian diaspora","authors":"M. Ray","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1852367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1852367","url":null,"abstract":"sneak preview of the history of migration from an erstwhile British Colony to the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Overall, the book is a fine work of story-telling, the artistic portrayal migration of women from Guyana as well as those who stayed back. However, the authors have neglected the challenges faced by women as migrant and then as a woman. The volume is an exceptional contribution to the field of migration and diaspora. Still, it may disappoint those readers who should be looking for data-oriented or theoryoriented work on migration and diaspora.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"193 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1852367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45377454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1852366
Uma Purushothaman
{"title":"Dharma in America: a short history of Hindu-Jain diaspora","authors":"Uma Purushothaman","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1852366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1852366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"189 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1852366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42702347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1852368
Sarita Nandmehar
{"title":"Liminal spaces: migration and women of the Guyanese diaspora","authors":"Sarita Nandmehar","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1852368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1852368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"191 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1852368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49641654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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