ABSTRACT This article provides a comprehensive framework to explain why Turkey has adopted a pro-active diaspora agenda since the early 2000s. It shows that Turkey’s diaspora policy is the result of an amalgamation of domestic, transnational, and international factors: Domestically, the AKP’s rise to power resulted in drastic economic and political reforms and the promotion of a new identity based on neo-Ottomanism and Sunni-Muslim nationalism. These developments have transformed Turkey’s state-diaspora relations. The 2013 Gezi Park protests and the 2016 failed coup attempt also played a role. Transnationally, Turkish expatriates’ growing socio-economic and political clout in their host countries, as evidenced by the mushrooming of political parties founded by Turks in Europe, has urged Turkey to reconsider the efficacy of its diaspora as a source of influence abroad as well as a noteworthy electorate in national elections. Various international events have also shaped Turkey’s new diaspora agenda, including Turkey’s increasing bargaining power vis-à-vis the EU since the early 2000s, particularly after the European refugee crisis, and the rise of Islamophobia in the post-9/11 era. I suggest that domestic factors have played the most significant role in shaping Turkey’s diaspora agenda. I examine the domestic dimension both as an independent factor and also in relation to transnational and international factors. The configuration of a new political elite has changed the ways in which Turkey interacts with its transnational diaspora and perceives its international position vis-à-vis European countries. The findings of the article draw on official statements and documents, semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with Turkish officials, the Euro-Turks Barometer Survey, and news sources.
{"title":"Explaining the evolution of Turkey’s diaspora engagement policy: a holistic approach","authors":"A. Arkilic","doi":"10.26686/wgtn.13157828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.13157828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides a comprehensive framework to explain why Turkey has adopted a pro-active diaspora agenda since the early 2000s. It shows that Turkey’s diaspora policy is the result of an amalgamation of domestic, transnational, and international factors: Domestically, the AKP’s rise to power resulted in drastic economic and political reforms and the promotion of a new identity based on neo-Ottomanism and Sunni-Muslim nationalism. These developments have transformed Turkey’s state-diaspora relations. The 2013 Gezi Park protests and the 2016 failed coup attempt also played a role. Transnationally, Turkish expatriates’ growing socio-economic and political clout in their host countries, as evidenced by the mushrooming of political parties founded by Turks in Europe, has urged Turkey to reconsider the efficacy of its diaspora as a source of influence abroad as well as a noteworthy electorate in national elections. Various international events have also shaped Turkey’s new diaspora agenda, including Turkey’s increasing bargaining power vis-à-vis the EU since the early 2000s, particularly after the European refugee crisis, and the rise of Islamophobia in the post-9/11 era. I suggest that domestic factors have played the most significant role in shaping Turkey’s diaspora agenda. I examine the domestic dimension both as an independent factor and also in relation to transnational and international factors. The configuration of a new political elite has changed the ways in which Turkey interacts with its transnational diaspora and perceives its international position vis-à-vis European countries. The findings of the article draw on official statements and documents, semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with Turkish officials, the Euro-Turks Barometer Survey, and news sources.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2019.1693861
I. Birka, Didzis Kļaviņš
ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to offer a comparative overview of the latest developments in the Baltic and Nordic state diaspora engagement policies and outreach practices, and to further the understanding of the term diaspora diplomacy. In this article, diaspora diplomacy is understood as the use of Foreign Service, or other branches of government, to promote the systematic relationship, for mutual benefit, between the country of origin government, diaspora groupings in countries of residence, and the various interest associations in both the country of origin and country of residence. In addition to reviewing the diaspora outreach initiatives of the eight countries, the article also utilizes interviews with representatives of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the Baltic and Nordic region. The interviews with government representatives offer insight into how diaspora are regarded, if diasporas are thought of as a resource for the home country, and what are the possible future trajectories for diaspora relations.
{"title":"Diaspora diplomacy: Nordic and Baltic perspective","authors":"I. Birka, Didzis Kļaviņš","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2019.1693861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2019.1693861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to offer a comparative overview of the latest developments in the Baltic and Nordic state diaspora engagement policies and outreach practices, and to further the understanding of the term diaspora diplomacy. In this article, diaspora diplomacy is understood as the use of Foreign Service, or other branches of government, to promote the systematic relationship, for mutual benefit, between the country of origin government, diaspora groupings in countries of residence, and the various interest associations in both the country of origin and country of residence. In addition to reviewing the diaspora outreach initiatives of the eight countries, the article also utilizes interviews with representatives of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the Baltic and Nordic region. The interviews with government representatives offer insight into how diaspora are regarded, if diasporas are thought of as a resource for the home country, and what are the possible future trajectories for diaspora relations.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"115 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2019.1693861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49522439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2019.1708154
Purwanti Kusumaningtyas, James Cohen
ABSTRACT Studies on Chinese diaspora and their connections with their homeland have focused on various perspectives, such as historical, socio-cultural, and economic, however, rarely discussed through literary works. This study aims to elaborate on the representations of the Chinese diaspora’s homeland in novels by two Chinese-American authors, Maxine Hong Kingston and Amy Tan, and two Chinese-Indonesian authors, Marga T. and Mira W. By employing Salman Rushdie’s memory-based imaginary homeland and Benedict Anderson’s creation-based imagined communities, the authors of this essay discuss the Chinese-American and Chinese-Indonesian people’s views of their homeland in their present contexts in their respective countries. The Chinese-American novels present their imaginary homeland through the utilization of fragmented legends and distorted myths. On the other hand, the Chinese-Indonesian novels present their imagined homeland by foregrounding the image of modernity through the exposure of wealthy families’ lifestyles and the picture of Western-oriented education and religious affiliations. The different experiences demonstrate that the notion of ‘homeland’ needs to be widened and pluralized to be able to embrace the heterogeneity of the diaspora.
摘要对中国侨民及其与祖国关系的研究主要集中在历史、社会文化和经济等各个方面，但很少通过文学作品进行讨论。本研究旨在探讨美籍华裔作家洪金斯顿（Maxine Hong Kingston）和谭恩美（Amy Tan）以及印尼华裔作家玛加·T（Marga T.）和米拉·W（Mira W，本文的作者讨论了华裔美国人和华裔印尼人在各自国家的当前背景下对祖国的看法。华裔小说通过碎片化的传说和扭曲的神话来呈现他们想象中的家园。另一方面，印尼华裔小说通过对富裕家庭生活方式的揭露以及西方教育和宗教背景的描绘，突出了现代性的形象，呈现了他们想象中的家园。不同的经历表明，“家园”的概念需要扩大和多元化，才能包容散居国外的异质性。
{"title":"The Chinese diaspora’s ‘imaginary’ homeland in the novels by four Chinese-American and Chinese-Indonesian writers","authors":"Purwanti Kusumaningtyas, James Cohen","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2019.1708154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2019.1708154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies on Chinese diaspora and their connections with their homeland have focused on various perspectives, such as historical, socio-cultural, and economic, however, rarely discussed through literary works. This study aims to elaborate on the representations of the Chinese diaspora’s homeland in novels by two Chinese-American authors, Maxine Hong Kingston and Amy Tan, and two Chinese-Indonesian authors, Marga T. and Mira W. By employing Salman Rushdie’s memory-based imaginary homeland and Benedict Anderson’s creation-based imagined communities, the authors of this essay discuss the Chinese-American and Chinese-Indonesian people’s views of their homeland in their present contexts in their respective countries. The Chinese-American novels present their imaginary homeland through the utilization of fragmented legends and distorted myths. On the other hand, the Chinese-Indonesian novels present their imagined homeland by foregrounding the image of modernity through the exposure of wealthy families’ lifestyles and the picture of Western-oriented education and religious affiliations. The different experiences demonstrate that the notion of ‘homeland’ needs to be widened and pluralized to be able to embrace the heterogeneity of the diaspora.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"152 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2019.1708154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44176668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2019.1708155
H. Lindholm
ABSTRACT How is identity claimed and created in communities that have experienced multiple processes of refugeeness and patterns of mixed migration? This article explores how Palestinian national identity is moulded, influenced, experienced and lived in a context of protracted refugeeness, exile and diaspora in Sweden. Departing from literature on diaspora and Palestinian identity formation and based on the collection of narratives from Palestinians residing in Sweden, the article sheds light on the processes through which Palestinian identity is strongly related to a moral and political commitment to the homeland lost and to issues of solidarity. Palestinians in Sweden also reveal a strong embracement of Swedish citizenship related to aspects such as the passport, the right to vote, security, liberalism and the welfare system. As Palestinians have arrived to Sweden from different instabilities in the Middle East and in different times, there are also affiliations and links to other spatial surroundings such as refugee camps in Lebanon and Syria. The paper also illuminates how multiple refugeeness create both a shared understanding of identity, but also internal rifts and contradictions, relating to former places of residence, to increasing racism and enforced social boundaries in Sweden, and to the different processes of displacement that have brought them to Sweden.
{"title":"Emotional identity and pragmatic citizenship: being Palestinian in Sweden","authors":"H. Lindholm","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2019.1708155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2019.1708155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How is identity claimed and created in communities that have experienced multiple processes of refugeeness and patterns of mixed migration? This article explores how Palestinian national identity is moulded, influenced, experienced and lived in a context of protracted refugeeness, exile and diaspora in Sweden. Departing from literature on diaspora and Palestinian identity formation and based on the collection of narratives from Palestinians residing in Sweden, the article sheds light on the processes through which Palestinian identity is strongly related to a moral and political commitment to the homeland lost and to issues of solidarity. Palestinians in Sweden also reveal a strong embracement of Swedish citizenship related to aspects such as the passport, the right to vote, security, liberalism and the welfare system. As Palestinians have arrived to Sweden from different instabilities in the Middle East and in different times, there are also affiliations and links to other spatial surroundings such as refugee camps in Lebanon and Syria. The paper also illuminates how multiple refugeeness create both a shared understanding of identity, but also internal rifts and contradictions, relating to former places of residence, to increasing racism and enforced social boundaries in Sweden, and to the different processes of displacement that have brought them to Sweden.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"133 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2019.1708155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47285415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1761206
Svetluša Surová
ABSTRACT The current challenges stemming from migration, globalism, and the highly interconnected world, underline the importance of identities, not only for individuals but for social and political life too. For the past few decades, identity has become a significant concept in social sciences and an important political issue in many contemporary societies. Today collective identities seem to form a central concept in both theoretical and empirical studies of social movements, political mobilization and democratic legitimacy. This paper examines identity in multilevel contexts, from both conceptual and empirical perspectives. The paper seeks to critically analyse how the term ‘identity’ is used, defined and conceptualized in the social sciences, the national laws of Slovakia and Serbia; how it is built and constructed in Slovakia and how it is performed on the ground in diaspora. A mixed research design was applied, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study concludes that scholars today agree on what identity is in the social sciences, however academic, state and ordinary usages and understandings of the concept of identity vary in different contexts. Further, the study argues that Slovak national identity and other collective identities, together with Slovak-ness, are perceived in different ways at a state level and among ordinary people in the Slovak diaspora. Studying identity construction and identity performance on different levels, such as the state level and on the ground, both at home and in diaspora, can contribute to our understanding of the complexity of the identity concept and identification processes.
{"title":"Identity from a conceptual and empirical perspective: a case study of the multiply identifications of Slovak diaspora living in Serbia","authors":"Svetluša Surová","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1761206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1761206","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current challenges stemming from migration, globalism, and the highly interconnected world, underline the importance of identities, not only for individuals but for social and political life too. For the past few decades, identity has become a significant concept in social sciences and an important political issue in many contemporary societies. Today collective identities seem to form a central concept in both theoretical and empirical studies of social movements, political mobilization and democratic legitimacy. This paper examines identity in multilevel contexts, from both conceptual and empirical perspectives. The paper seeks to critically analyse how the term ‘identity’ is used, defined and conceptualized in the social sciences, the national laws of Slovakia and Serbia; how it is built and constructed in Slovakia and how it is performed on the ground in diaspora. A mixed research design was applied, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study concludes that scholars today agree on what identity is in the social sciences, however academic, state and ordinary usages and understandings of the concept of identity vary in different contexts. Further, the study argues that Slovak national identity and other collective identities, together with Slovak-ness, are perceived in different ways at a state level and among ordinary people in the Slovak diaspora. Studying identity construction and identity performance on different levels, such as the state level and on the ground, both at home and in diaspora, can contribute to our understanding of the complexity of the identity concept and identification processes.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"189 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1761206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44568080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1759014
Gunjan Singh
The movement of people from one place to another has played an important role in the process of human evolution and development. With the advent of globalization, migration of people has been a maj...
{"title":"China’s Domestic and International Migration Development","authors":"Gunjan Singh","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1759014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1759014","url":null,"abstract":"The movement of people from one place to another has played an important role in the process of human evolution and development. With the advent of globalization, migration of people has been a maj...","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"117 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1759014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41589764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-29DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1759286
Roshni Sengupta
{"title":"Diaspora and media in Europe: migration, identity and integration","authors":"Roshni Sengupta","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1759286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1759286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"218 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1759286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41690394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-27DOI: 10.1080/09739572.2020.1759013
Mohor Chakraborty
The book under review is an excellent and seamless amalgamation of vital aspects of anthropology, built environment, sociology and urban design, as it portrays the dynamics of the manner in which t...
{"title":"Urban marginality in Hong Kong’s global diaspora","authors":"Mohor Chakraborty","doi":"10.1080/09739572.2020.1759013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2020.1759013","url":null,"abstract":"The book under review is an excellent and seamless amalgamation of vital aspects of anthropology, built environment, sociology and urban design, as it portrays the dynamics of the manner in which t...","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"213 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09739572.2020.1759013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49130631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：