Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2302
J. Asimakopoulos
Using the analytical tools of social science and statistical data while historicizing, I document that all societies in every epoch have been and continue to be caste systems legitimized by various ideologies. There is no such thing as capitalism (or socialism)—only a caste system hidden behind capitalist ideology. KEYWORDS: Stratification, Class, Caste, Capitalism, Political Theory, Inequality, History, Income, Wealth, Distribution, Statitics, Data
{"title":"No such thing as Capitalism or Socialism:All societies have always been and continue to be caste systems","authors":"J. Asimakopoulos","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2302","url":null,"abstract":"Using the analytical tools of social science and statistical data while historicizing, I document that all societies in every epoch have been and continue to be caste systems legitimized by various ideologies. There is no such thing as capitalism (or socialism)—only a caste system hidden behind capitalist ideology. KEYWORDS: Stratification, Class, Caste, Capitalism, Political Theory, Inequality, History, Income, Wealth, Distribution, Statitics, Data","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2304
J. Cussen
This paper makes the claim that despite the culture-page and scholar classes' favorable reception of just about everything she offers, Bengali-American writer Jhumpa Lahiri thinks meanly of them and of their progressive mindsets. Telling in the second's regard are her counter-normative usages of their favored tropes--of, for example, the madwoman-in-the-attic trope. Telling in the first's regard are the literary academics who appear in her fictions. Nine for nine, they are shallow, feckless, and bullying sorts. Yes, literary academics--they are the people Jhumpa Lahiri little likes. In its later pages, the paper also observes that for much of her career writer Lahiri has been in the throes of a crisis of literary faith. An early symptom of this crisis is discernible in that plot strand of her second book, The Namesake, wherein the protagonist Gogol does everything in his power to dispossess himself of his literary name. Another symptom of the crisis is the sparsity of literary allusions that mark her fourth and latest fiction's pages (as opposed to the great number that marked her earlier works). And, lastly, toward the end of the latest fiction, Whereabouts, when the writing-prof protagonist begins her journey out of the city that has been her lifelong residence, that’s Lahiri wishing she could do the same vis á vis her literary faith. KEYWORDS: Jhumpa Lahiri, Critical Reception, Academic Culture, Immigrant Fiction
{"title":"The People Jhumpa Lahiri Little Likes","authors":"J. Cussen","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper makes the claim that despite the culture-page and scholar classes' favorable reception of just about everything she offers, Bengali-American writer Jhumpa Lahiri thinks meanly of them and of their progressive mindsets. Telling in the second's regard are her counter-normative usages of their favored tropes--of, for example, the madwoman-in-the-attic trope. Telling in the first's regard are the literary academics who appear in her fictions. Nine for nine, they are shallow, feckless, and bullying sorts. Yes, literary academics--they are the people Jhumpa Lahiri little likes. In its later pages, the paper also observes that for much of her career writer Lahiri has been in the throes of a crisis of literary faith. An early symptom of this crisis is discernible in that plot strand of her second book, The Namesake, wherein the protagonist Gogol does everything in his power to dispossess himself of his literary name. Another symptom of the crisis is the sparsity of literary allusions that mark her fourth and latest fiction's pages (as opposed to the great number that marked her earlier works). And, lastly, toward the end of the latest fiction, Whereabouts, when the writing-prof protagonist begins her journey out of the city that has been her lifelong residence, that’s Lahiri wishing she could do the same vis á vis her literary faith. KEYWORDS: Jhumpa Lahiri, Critical Reception, Academic Culture, Immigrant Fiction","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48466281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2301
H. Molina, R. Carly
This paper develops the concept of “extractible bodies” and extends it to apply to Latinxs' experience in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) subject to structural problems and predatory market practices before and during the pandemic. The RGV has had more COVID cases than counties of equal population size. Through a mixed-methods approach, this paper describes, in detail, how racist state practices, structural inadequacies, poor administration, and predatory capitalism effectively explain why the RGV was the epicenter of COVID-19 in the State of Texas in 2020. We introduce a concept, extractable bodies, to show how Mexican Americans provide limitless opportunities for exploitation while, at the same time, lacking basic public services and shouldering the blame for such circumstances. We focus our analysis on Latinx “essential workers” in an area challenged by health issues, high obesity rates, inadequate infrastructure, the situation in las colonias, and how these factors contributed to the COVID crisis. KEYWORDS: COVID 19, Latinxs, Mixed Methods, Health Disparity, Racism, South Texas
{"title":"Colonias, Water, and Extractable Bodies: COVID19’s impact on the Rio Grande Valley","authors":"H. Molina, R. Carly","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2301","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops the concept of “extractible bodies” and extends it to apply to Latinxs' experience in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) subject to structural problems and predatory market practices before and during the pandemic. The RGV has had more COVID cases than counties of equal population size. Through a mixed-methods approach, this paper describes, in detail, how racist state practices, structural inadequacies, poor administration, and predatory capitalism effectively explain why the RGV was the epicenter of COVID-19 in the State of Texas in 2020. We introduce a concept, extractable bodies, to show how Mexican Americans provide limitless opportunities for exploitation while, at the same time, lacking basic public services and shouldering the blame for such circumstances. We focus our analysis on Latinx “essential workers” in an area challenged by health issues, high obesity rates, inadequate infrastructure, the situation in las colonias, and how these factors contributed to the COVID crisis. KEYWORDS: COVID 19, Latinxs, Mixed Methods, Health Disparity, Racism, South Texas","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2305
Gary L. Grizzle
Paolo Sollier was an Italian professional football player in the 1970s who was celebrated by some and reviled by others for his unflinching Marxist views. His book, Kicks, Spits, & Headers: The Autobiographical Reflections of an Accidental Footballer, was originally published in 1976 and is now available in English for the first time through the joint efforts of Autonomedia and Minor Compositions. In this volume, Sollier presents his reflections in a series of vignettes about the world as he experienced it as an accidental footballer. That is, as someone who drifted into (rather than eagerly pursued a career in) professional football. Even though they are presented in scattered vignettes, these reflections articulate coherent viewpoints on football, politics, and the intersection of the two during a turbulent period in post-World War II Italian history.
{"title":"Book Review: Paolo Sollier, Kicks, Spits & Headers: The Autobiographical Reflections of an Accidental Footballer","authors":"Gary L. Grizzle","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2305","url":null,"abstract":"Paolo Sollier was an Italian professional football player in the 1970s who was celebrated by some and reviled by others for his unflinching Marxist views. His book, Kicks, Spits, & Headers: The Autobiographical Reflections of an Accidental Footballer, was originally published in 1976 and is now available in English for the first time through the joint efforts of Autonomedia and Minor Compositions. In this volume, Sollier presents his reflections in a series of vignettes about the world as he experienced it as an accidental footballer. That is, as someone who drifted into (rather than eagerly pursued a career in) professional football. Even though they are presented in scattered vignettes, these reflections articulate coherent viewpoints on football, politics, and the intersection of the two during a turbulent period in post-World War II Italian history.","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":"756 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2306
Garrick Harden
Dr. John Asimakopoulos has crafted a fascinating study into the larger debate regarding social structure within the context of postmodern culture. During the latter half of the Twentieth century and into this third decade of the Twenty-First century, there has been passionate debate across disciplines on the reality of postmodern culture. Jürgen Habermas and Jean-François Lyotard argued about modernity’s continued existence with Habermas, as well as notable scholars such as Anthony Giddens, declaring modernity an “unfinished project;” and drawing from Eighteenth and Nineteenth century German Idealism, especially Georg Hegel, as a “juggernaut” and that we have no choice but to allow modernity to steamroll over anyone and everyone until it plays itself out. We have Noam Chomsky and Michel Foucault debating the notion of “human nature” from Modernist and Poststructuralist (respectively) perspectives; we have the Sokal Affair when a mathematician was able to publish a joke paper in a postmodern journal deconstructing the notion of the atom. We had books telling us to “forget Foucault” or to “forget Baudrillard.” Though the larger debate in academia was never resolved, few scholars discuss it now. Looking at the history of the overall debate, it would be easy to conclude that scholars ended at an impasse and that these lines of theoretical thought are intellectual dead ends.
John Asimakopoulos博士对后现代文化背景下关于社会结构的更大辩论进行了一项引人入胜的研究。在二十世纪后半叶和二十一世纪的第三个十年里，各学科对后现代文化的现实性展开了激烈的辩论。于尔根·哈贝马斯（Jürgen Habermas）和让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔（Jean-François Lyotard，作为一个“庞然大物”，我们别无选择，只能让现代性压倒任何人，直到它发挥出来。诺姆·乔姆斯基和米歇尔·福柯分别从现代主义和后结构主义的角度对“人性”概念进行了辩论；我们有索卡尔事件，当时一位数学家能够在一本后现代杂志上发表一篇笑话论文，解构原子的概念。我们有书告诉我们“忘记福柯”或“忘记鲍德里亚”。尽管学术界的更大争论从未解决，但现在很少有学者讨论它。纵观整个辩论的历史，很容易得出这样的结论：学者们最终陷入僵局，这些理论思路是智力上的死胡同。
{"title":"Book Review: John Asimakopoulos, The Political Economy of the Spectacle and Postmodern Caste.","authors":"Garrick Harden","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2306","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. John Asimakopoulos has crafted a fascinating study into the larger debate regarding social structure within the context of postmodern culture. During the latter half of the Twentieth century and into this third decade of the Twenty-First century, there has been passionate debate across disciplines on the reality of postmodern culture. Jürgen Habermas and Jean-François Lyotard argued about modernity’s continued existence with Habermas, as well as notable scholars such as Anthony Giddens, declaring modernity an “unfinished project;” and drawing from Eighteenth and Nineteenth century German Idealism, especially Georg Hegel, as a “juggernaut” and that we have no choice but to allow modernity to steamroll over anyone and everyone until it plays itself out. We have Noam Chomsky and Michel Foucault debating the notion of “human nature” from Modernist and Poststructuralist (respectively) perspectives; we have the Sokal Affair when a mathematician was able to publish a joke paper in a postmodern journal deconstructing the notion of the atom. We had books telling us to “forget Foucault” or to “forget Baudrillard.” Though the larger debate in academia was never resolved, few scholars discuss it now. Looking at the history of the overall debate, it would be easy to conclude that scholars ended at an impasse and that these lines of theoretical thought are intellectual dead ends.","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46412612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2303
Christian A. I. Schlaerth
The 2016 election saw the rise of Donald Trump, a businessman with no prior political experience, to the presidency in a wave of populism. Yet, was it really populism in the traditional sense? While he lost in 2020 there was an insurrection attempting to overturn the results, despite policies from his administration that supported the wealthy and elites. This paper examines how populism in the 21st century has been perverted to support the elites, the methods that have been used to spread elite ideologies, and finally recommends some actions to address democracy in the future. KEYWORDS: Populism, Ideology, Conflict Theory, Politics
{"title":"The Perversion of Populism in the 21st Century: The Ideology of the Elites and the Masses","authors":"Christian A. I. Schlaerth","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2303","url":null,"abstract":"The 2016 election saw the rise of Donald Trump, a businessman with no prior political experience, to the presidency in a wave of populism. Yet, was it really populism in the traditional sense? While he lost in 2020 there was an insurrection attempting to overturn the results, despite policies from his administration that supported the wealthy and elites. This paper examines how populism in the 21st century has been perverted to support the elites, the methods that have been used to spread elite ideologies, and finally recommends some actions to address democracy in the future. KEYWORDS: Populism, Ideology, Conflict Theory, Politics","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43598119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2228
A. Cueto
{"title":"Looking for a Character in History (and in Stories)","authors":"A. Cueto","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2226
G. Sipos
The present article reexamines the work of Japanese modern writer Dazai Osamu (1909-1948)2 in an attempt to revisit its conventional placement within the tradition of the modern Japanese literary category of the shishōsetsu (approximately, I-novel). By briefly exploring the very elements and definitions of the category itself, as well as Dazai’s literary evolution, the article endeavors to understand what led to the works of his final years life and to the change in narrative techniques that makes those works Dazai’s best writings and some of the most accomplished in modern Japanese literature. KEYWORDS: Dazai Osamu, Authenticity, Author-Function, Michel Foucault, Modern Japanese Fiction, Shishōsetsu
{"title":"Masks of the Author in Dazai Osamu’s Fiction","authors":"G. Sipos","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2226","url":null,"abstract":"The present article reexamines the work of Japanese modern writer Dazai Osamu (1909-1948)2 in an attempt to revisit its conventional placement within the tradition of the modern Japanese literary category of the shishōsetsu (approximately, I-novel). By briefly exploring the very elements and definitions of the category itself, as well as Dazai’s literary evolution, the article endeavors to understand what led to the works of his final years life and to the change in narrative techniques that makes those works Dazai’s best writings and some of the most accomplished in modern Japanese literature. KEYWORDS: Dazai Osamu, Authenticity, Author-Function, Michel Foucault, Modern Japanese Fiction, Shishōsetsu","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46454717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2224
Fa Durao
{"title":"Changing Identities: 23 Fragments on Contemporary Literature and Life","authors":"Fa Durao","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48365710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2231
P. Baisotti
This article presents a vision of the city of Buenos Aires through some novels and short stories created by Argentine writers, in which their characters use "masks" to face reality or, in some cases, fiction. The various characters have masks used to disguise their identities in their relationship with other people and to hide their feelings. The time used to analyze these issues will be: 1) the "real" time, that is, the action that takes place in a linear and continuous time and; 2) a "fragmented" time, represented in two or more levels in which reality and fiction are superimposed and even, at a certain point, confused. The city is the background frame where the real and the illusory meet through the characters of Adolfo Bioy Casares, Leopoldo Marechal, Julio Cortázar, Ernesto Sábato, Marco Denevi, Pedro Orgambide, among others. KEYWORDS: Buenos Aires, Masks, Reality, Fiction, Bioy Casares, Marechal, Cortázar, Sábato, Denevi, Orgambide.
{"title":"Real and Fragmented Masks of Buenos Aires","authors":"P. Baisotti","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2231","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a vision of the city of Buenos Aires through some novels and short stories created by Argentine writers, in which their characters use \"masks\" to face reality or, in some cases, fiction. The various characters have masks used to disguise their identities in their relationship with other people and to hide their feelings. The time used to analyze these issues will be: 1) the \"real\" time, that is, the action that takes place in a linear and continuous time and; 2) a \"fragmented\" time, represented in two or more levels in which reality and fiction are superimposed and even, at a certain point, confused. The city is the background frame where the real and the illusory meet through the characters of Adolfo Bioy Casares, Leopoldo Marechal, Julio Cortázar, Ernesto Sábato, Marco Denevi, Pedro Orgambide, among others. KEYWORDS: Buenos Aires, Masks, Reality, Fiction, Bioy Casares, Marechal, Cortázar, Sábato, Denevi, Orgambide.","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44474348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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