Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2232
Andrew B. Arnold
Drawing on three years of ethnographic interviews and observations in multiple violence reduction youth programs, Max Greenberg provides a critical examination of the important role they play. Greenberg offers a timely conceptualization of the ways these programs become an extension of the “ephemeral state” that does not provide long-term solutions for social ills, but rather relies on other social actors like not-for-profit community organizations to address such issues (2019, 5). The book offers five empirical chapters after the introduction. The epilogue provides practical policy suggestions in regard to youth programming. The empirical chapters are rich in detailed stories gathered while Greenberg collected data at Peace Over Violence in Los Angeles. Each chapter provides a different perspective of the dialectical relationship between program employees, youth participants, and the state. Moreover, the book is full of compelling stories and provides insight into the challenges faced by many youth of color in urban areas. However, instead of stigmatizing youth involvement in violence, Greenberg offers a humanizing framework for making sense of their actions.
{"title":"Book Review: Max A. Greenberg, Twelve Weeks to Change a Life: At-Risk Youth in a Fractured State","authors":"Andrew B. Arnold","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2232","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on three years of ethnographic interviews and observations in multiple violence reduction youth programs, Max Greenberg provides a critical examination of the important role they play. Greenberg offers a timely conceptualization of the ways these programs become an extension of the “ephemeral state” that does not provide long-term solutions for social ills, but rather relies on other social actors like not-for-profit community organizations to address such issues (2019, 5). The book offers five empirical chapters after the introduction. The epilogue provides practical policy suggestions in regard to youth programming. The empirical chapters are rich in detailed stories gathered while Greenberg collected data at Peace Over Violence in Los Angeles. Each chapter provides a different perspective of the dialectical relationship between program employees, youth participants, and the state. Moreover, the book is full of compelling stories and provides insight into the challenges faced by many youth of color in urban areas. However, instead of stigmatizing youth involvement in violence, Greenberg offers a humanizing framework for making sense of their actions.","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44581939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2229
Julio Ortega
{"title":"Transatlantic Criticism at the Beginning of the 21st Century","authors":"Julio Ortega","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2227
Pedro Serrano
This essay works on the links and shifts between Paul Celan's poem "A Leaf. Treeless" and Bertolt Brecht's "To Those Born After" as displaced expressions of the simultaneous needs of assertion and perils of silencing faced by poetry in dark times. It works out the way in which both poets, in their particular ways and attending their own obstacles, present as a question what ideology tends to silence and display as a paradox the communal and individual claims to be alive through the action of poetry. It moves from T. S. Eliot's vegetal similes from his Virginia lectures of 1933 included in After Strange Gods, to Joseph Brodsky Nobel Prize lecture of 1987 in which he discusses Theodor Adorno's questioning of the relevance of poetry after Auschwitz. It also analyzes the way in which plants and human beings relate and interact based on their biological differences and equivalences both as individuals and as communities, and how this has been used both as metaphor and ideology, either to liberate, as it happens rhetorically in Brecht and Celan or to reinforce forbidences through ideological impositions, as it happens in Adorno. It goes back to T. S. Eliot's It traces the presence of plants as a metaphor for the human being in metaphors and ideology. KEYWORDS: Paul Celan, Bertolt Brecht, Poetry, Plants, Translations.
{"title":"Vegatations: Truth and Disguise from Bertolt Brecht to Paul Celan","authors":"Pedro Serrano","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2227","url":null,"abstract":"This essay works on the links and shifts between Paul Celan's poem \"A Leaf. Treeless\" and Bertolt Brecht's \"To Those Born After\" as displaced expressions of the simultaneous needs of assertion and perils of silencing faced by poetry in dark times. It works out the way in which both poets, in their particular ways and attending their own obstacles, present as a question what ideology tends to silence and display as a paradox the communal and individual claims to be alive through the action of poetry. It moves from T. S. Eliot's vegetal similes from his Virginia lectures of 1933 included in After Strange Gods, to Joseph Brodsky Nobel Prize lecture of 1987 in which he discusses Theodor Adorno's questioning of the relevance of poetry after Auschwitz. It also analyzes the way in which plants and human beings relate and interact based on their biological differences and equivalences both as individuals and as communities, and how this has been used both as metaphor and ideology, either to liberate, as it happens rhetorically in Brecht and Celan or to reinforce forbidences through ideological impositions, as it happens in Adorno. It goes back to T. S. Eliot's It traces the presence of plants as a metaphor for the human being in metaphors and ideology. KEYWORDS: Paul Celan, Bertolt Brecht, Poetry, Plants, Translations.","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48085679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2233
D. Mears
{"title":"Book Review: David C. Pyrooz and Scott H. Decker, Competing for Control: Gangs and the Social Order of Prisons","authors":"D. Mears","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46437998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2222
Rodica Grigore
{"title":"Introduction: Masks and Identity","authors":"Rodica Grigore","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2225
Rodica Grigore
In his well-known novel The Obscene Bird of Night (El obsceno pájaro de la noche, 1970) Chilean writer José Donoso analyzed the progressive decay of the old and illustrious family of Jerónimo de Azcoitía, but also the general degradation of Chilean society. Nevertheless, the novel implies a symbolic and allegoric level as such: the author discusses, in a direct or subtextual manner, the implications of the masks within the modern world and the meanings of the monstrous creatures populating the hypnotic universe of Rinconada, imagined and made up by Jerónimo in order to shelter and hide his son, Boy. The monsters prove to be different versions of human identity and they also mark the process of modern alienation, expressing the terror determined by the violence in the Latin American world of the 20th century. KEYWORDS: Latin American Literature, Fiction, Identity, Mask, Monster, Violence.
智利作家若泽·多诺索（JoséDonoso）在其著名小说《夜之鸟》（El obsceno pájaro de la noche，1970）中分析了杰罗尼莫·德·阿兹科蒂亚（Jerónimo de Azcoitía）这个古老而显赫的家族的逐渐衰落，以及智利社会的普遍退化。尽管如此，这部小说还是暗示了一个象征性和寓言性的层面：作者以直接或潜台词的方式讨论了面具在现代世界中的含义，以及杰罗尼莫为了庇护和隐藏他的儿子男孩而想象和虚构的林科纳达催眠宇宙中的怪物的含义。这些怪物被证明是人类身份的不同版本，它们也标志着现代异化的过程，表达了20世纪拉丁美洲世界暴力所决定的恐怖。关键词：拉丁美洲文学，小说，身份，面具，怪物，暴力。
{"title":"Violence and the Masks of Monsters in José Donoso’s Fiction","authors":"Rodica Grigore","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2225","url":null,"abstract":"In his well-known novel The Obscene Bird of Night (El obsceno pájaro de la noche, 1970) Chilean writer José Donoso analyzed the progressive decay of the old and illustrious family of Jerónimo de Azcoitía, but also the general degradation of Chilean society. Nevertheless, the novel implies a symbolic and allegoric level as such: the author discusses, in a direct or subtextual manner, the implications of the masks within the modern world and the meanings of the monstrous creatures populating the hypnotic universe of Rinconada, imagined and made up by Jerónimo in order to shelter and hide his son, Boy. The monsters prove to be different versions of human identity and they also mark the process of modern alienation, expressing the terror determined by the violence in the Latin American world of the 20th century. KEYWORDS: Latin American Literature, Fiction, Identity, Mask, Monster, Violence.","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2234
Patryk Jaroszkiewicz
{"title":"Book Review: David J. Thomas, The State of American Policing: Psychology, Behavior, Problems, and Solutions","authors":"Patryk Jaroszkiewicz","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46989352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2230
Fernando Valerio-Holguín
In his essay “Why Look at Animals?,” John Berger states that in the first encounter between a human and an animal, the latter's eyes are attentive and wary. The animal looks at the human from the abyss of incomprehension. The human becomes aware of himself by looking back at the animal, who is the radical Other. If the abyss of otherness between humans can be bridged through language, this is impossible between the human and the animal. The gaze is the only possibility for the human to “descend” to the animal. Julio Cortázar wrote “Axolotl,” which tells the story of a man who, fascinated by the axolotls, goes to the Jardin des Plantes aquarium in Paris every day to observe them and ends up becoming one of them. Already in the first paragraph of the story, the character-narrator states: “Now I am an axolotl.” Then he adds: “His eyes above all obsessed me. Next to them in the other aquariums, various fish showed me the simple stupidity of their beautiful eyes like ours. The eyes of the axolotls told me of the presence of a different life, of another way of looking.” The narrator manages to transcend the barrier of “space and time” through the gaze and, finally, becomes an axolotl. KEYWORDS: Cortázar, Animal Gaze, Axolotl, Metamorphosis, Transmigration, Radical Other.
{"title":"The Animal Gaze in Julio Cortázar´s “Axolotl”","authors":"Fernando Valerio-Holguín","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2230","url":null,"abstract":"In his essay “Why Look at Animals?,” John Berger states that in the first encounter between a human and an animal, the latter's eyes are attentive and wary. The animal looks at the human from the abyss of incomprehension. The human becomes aware of himself by looking back at the animal, who is the radical Other. If the abyss of otherness between humans can be bridged through language, this is impossible between the human and the animal. The gaze is the only possibility for the human to “descend” to the animal. Julio Cortázar wrote “Axolotl,” which tells the story of a man who, fascinated by the axolotls, goes to the Jardin des Plantes aquarium in Paris every day to observe them and ends up becoming one of them. Already in the first paragraph of the story, the character-narrator states: “Now I am an axolotl.” Then he adds: “His eyes above all obsessed me. Next to them in the other aquariums, various fish showed me the simple stupidity of their beautiful eyes like ours. The eyes of the axolotls told me of the presence of a different life, of another way of looking.” The narrator manages to transcend the barrier of “space and time” through the gaze and, finally, becomes an axolotl. KEYWORDS: Cortázar, Animal Gaze, Axolotl, Metamorphosis, Transmigration, Radical Other.","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42880248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2219
R. Dale
There are myriad reasons why innocent people become the target of an investigation then charged and convicted of a crime, and ultimately sentenced to prison. Instances such as these stem from factors that include witness misidentifications, forensic errors, mislabeling of natural and accidental events like crimes, official misconduct resulting in false confessions, and innocents’ acceptance of plea-bargaining deals to circumvent the possibility of a much harsher prison sentence if convicted in a trial setting (Alschuler, 2015; Reichart, 2016; Shaw & Porter, 2015). These reasons are but a few of the mitigating factors that serve to convict the innocent or may even encourage them into accepting the blame for crimes that they did not commit; and at times, being charged with or accepting responsibility for crimes that never existed in the first place (Henry, 2020). In her book, Smoke but No Fire: Convicting the Innocent of Crimes that Never Happened, Jessica S. Henry expounds upon
{"title":"Book Review: Henry, J.S., Smoke but No Fire: Convicting the Innocent of Crimes that Never Happened. University of California Press. 2020","authors":"R. Dale","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2219","url":null,"abstract":"There are myriad reasons why innocent people become the target of an investigation then charged and convicted of a crime, and ultimately sentenced to prison. Instances such as these stem from factors that include witness misidentifications, forensic errors, mislabeling of natural and accidental events like crimes, official misconduct resulting in false confessions, and innocents’ acceptance of plea-bargaining deals to circumvent the possibility of a much harsher prison sentence if convicted in a trial setting (Alschuler, 2015; Reichart, 2016; Shaw & Porter, 2015). These reasons are but a few of the mitigating factors that serve to convict the innocent or may even encourage them into accepting the blame for crimes that they did not commit; and at times, being charged with or accepting responsibility for crimes that never existed in the first place (Henry, 2020). In her book, Smoke but No Fire: Convicting the Innocent of Crimes that Never Happened, Jessica S. Henry expounds upon","PeriodicalId":42347,"journal":{"name":"Theory in Action","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48259231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：