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2022 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communication (SPAWC)最新文献

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Convergence Analysis of Cloud-Aided Federated Edge Learning on Non-IID Data 非iid数据上云辅助联邦边缘学习的收敛性分析
Sai Wang, Yi Gong
Federated edge learning has attracted great attention for edge intelligent networks. Due to the limited computation and energy, mobile devices usually need to offload data to nearby edge servers. Facing this scenario, we design a cloud-aided federated edge learning (CA-FEEL) framework where the edges cooperate with the cloud to train a federated learning model. Specifically, the edges adopt the gradient descent (GD) method in parallel to update the edge parameters and the cloud averages them to update the global parameter. By theoretical analysis, we find that the covariance of non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data sets hinders the convergence of the GD based FL. Thus, we propose a CA-FEEL algorithm by adding a simple judgment condition. It is proved to have a theoretical guarantee of convergence for convex and smooth problems. Experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard federated learning in terms of the convergence rate and accuracy.
联邦边缘学习已成为边缘智能网络研究的热点。由于计算和能量有限,移动设备通常需要将数据卸载到附近的边缘服务器。面对这种情况,我们设计了一个云辅助的联邦边缘学习(CA-FEEL)框架,其中边缘与云合作来训练联邦学习模型。其中,边缘采用并行梯度下降(GD)法更新边缘参数,云平均边缘参数更新全局参数。通过理论分析,我们发现非独立同分布(non-IID)数据集的协方差阻碍了基于GD的FL的收敛,因此我们提出了一种CA-FEEL算法,并增加了一个简单的判断条件。证明了该方法对凸光滑问题具有收敛性的理论保证。实验结果表明,该算法在收敛速度和准确率方面都优于标准联邦学习。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Non-Uniform Constellations for Non-Binary Codes Through Deep Reinforcement Learning 通过深度强化学习改进非二进制码的非均匀排列
Rami Klaimi, Stefan Weithoffer, C. A. Nour
Non-binary forward error correction (FEC) codes have been getting more attention lately in the coding society thanks mainly to their improved error correcting capabilities. Indeed, they reveal their full potential in the case of a one-to-one mapping between the code symbols over Galois fields (GF) and constellation points of the same order. Previously, we proposed non-binary FEC code designs targeting a given classical constellation through the optimization of the minimum Euclidean distance between candidate codewords. To go a step further, a better Euclidean distance spectrum can be achieved through the joint optimization of code parameters and positions of constellation symbols. However, this joint optimization for high order GFs reveals to be intractable in number of cases to evaluate. Therefore in this work, we propose a solution based on the multi-agent Deep Q-Network (DQN) algorithm. Applied to non-binary turbo codes (NB-TCs) over GF(64), the proposal largely improves performance by significantly lowering the error floor region of the resulting coded modulation scheme.
非二进制前向纠错(FEC)码由于其纠错能力的提高,近年来在编码界受到越来越多的关注。事实上,它们在伽罗瓦场(GF)上的编码符号与同阶星座点之间的一对一映射的情况下显示了它们的全部潜力。在此之前,我们通过优化候选码字之间的最小欧氏距离,提出了针对给定经典星座的非二进制FEC码设计。更进一步,通过对编码参数和星座符号位置的联合优化,可以获得更好的欧氏距离谱。然而,这种针对高阶GFs的联合优化在许多情况下难以评估。因此,在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于多智能体深度q网络(DQN)算法的解决方案。该方案应用于GF(64)上的非二进制turbo码(nb - tc),通过显著降低编码调制方案的误差底区,大大提高了性能。
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引用次数: 1
Robustness to imperfect CSI of power allocation policies in cognitive relay networks 认知中继网络中功率分配策略对不完善CSI的鲁棒性
Yacine Benatia, Romain Negrel, Anne Savard, E. Belmega
In this paper, the aim is to study the robustness against imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the power allocation policies maximizing the constrained and non-convex Shannon rate problem in a relay-aided cognitive radio network. The primary communication is protected by a Quality of Service (QoS) constraint and the relay only helps the secondary communication by performing complex and non-linear operations. First, we derive the optimal power allocation policies under Compress-and-Forward (CF) relaying under perfect CSI. Second, we investigate the robustness of this solution jointly with that of the deep learning existing solution for Decode-and-Forward (DF), which we exploit here for CF as well. For all these solutions that strongly rely on perfect CSI, our numerical results show that errors in the channel estimations have a damaging effect not only on the secondary rate, but most importantly on the primary QoS degradation, becoming prohibitive for poor quality estimations. Nevertheless, we show that the deep learning solutions can be made robust by adjusting the training process to rely on both perfect and imperfect CSI observations. Indeed, the resulting predictions are capable of meeting the primary QoS constraint at the cost of secondary rate loss, irrespective from the channel estimation quality.
本文研究了在中继辅助认知无线网络中,最大约束非凸香农速率问题的功率分配策略对不完全信道状态信息(CSI)的鲁棒性。主通信由服务质量(QoS)约束保护,中继仅通过执行复杂的非线性操作来帮助辅助通信。首先,我们推导了在完美CSI条件下压缩转发(CF)中继下的最优功率分配策略。其次,我们将该解决方案的鲁棒性与解码和转发(DF)的深度学习现有解决方案的鲁棒性联合研究,我们在这里也将其用于CF。对于所有这些强烈依赖于完美CSI的解决方案,我们的数值结果表明,信道估计中的错误不仅对次级速率具有破坏性影响,而且最重要的是对初级QoS退化具有破坏性影响,对低质量估计变得令人望而却步。然而,我们表明,深度学习解决方案可以通过调整训练过程来依赖于完美和不完美的CSI观测值来实现鲁棒性。实际上,无论信道估计质量如何,结果预测都能够以次要速率损失为代价满足主要QoS约束。
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引用次数: 0
Vector Coded Caching Greatly Enhances Massive MIMO 矢量编码缓存极大地增强了大规模MIMO
Hui Zhao, Antonio Bazco-Nogueras, P. Elia
The use of vector coded caching has been shown to provide important gains and, more importantly, to alleviate the impact of the file-size constraint, which prevents coded caching from obtaining its ideal gains in practical settings. In this work, we analyze the performance of vector coded caching in the massive MIMO regime, aiming at understanding the benefits that allowing users to cache a practical amount of data could bring to realistic settings in such massive MIMO regime. In particular, we separately consider two linear precoding schemes and analyze the corresponding throughput, for which we derive simple but precise upper and lower bounds. These bounds enable us to characterize the delivery speed-up gain over the uncoded caching setting when the CSI acquisition costs are taken into account. Numerical results demonstrate the tightness of the derived bounds and show a significant boost over uncoded caching and the standard cacheless setting.
矢量编码缓存的使用已被证明可以提供重要的收益,更重要的是,可以减轻文件大小限制的影响,这使得编码缓存无法在实际设置中获得理想的收益。在这项工作中,我们分析了矢量编码缓存在大规模MIMO机制中的性能,旨在了解允许用户缓存实际数量的数据可以在这种大规模MIMO机制中为现实设置带来的好处。特别地,我们分别考虑了两种线性预编码方案,并分析了相应的吞吐量,给出了简单而精确的上下界。当考虑到CSI获取成本时,这些界限使我们能够描述相对于未编码缓存设置的交付加速增益。数值结果证明了推导出的边界的严密性,并显示出比未编码缓存和标准无缓存设置有显著提高。
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引用次数: 1
Sensing Assisted Predictive Beamforming for V2I Networks: Tracking on the Complicated Road : (Invited Paper) 传感辅助预测波束形成的V2I网络:复杂道路上的跟踪(特邀论文)
Xiao Meng, F. Liu, W. Yuan, Qixun Zhang
In this paper, we propose a sensing-assisted beam-forming design for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system in a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) network, where a road side unit (RSU) provides localization and communication services to the vehicles on an arbitrarily shaped road. In our proposed scheme, the position and motion of the vehicles are decomposed into longitudinal and lateral directions to simplify the kinematic functions. We establish a curvilinear coordinate system based on the road geometry and employ an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to accurately estimate and predict the state of the vehicles. By employing such prediction, we construct a beamformer directing to the vehicles to acquire high array gain and corresponding high quality of service. Numerical results validate the feasibility of tracking and predicting the state of the vehicles by applying a curvilinear coordinate system. The superiority of the proposed algorithm in both communication and tracking metrics is also verified.
在本文中,我们提出了一种用于车辆到基础设施(V2I)网络中集成传感和通信(ISAC)系统的传感辅助波束形成设计,其中道路侧单元(RSU)为任意形状道路上的车辆提供定位和通信服务。在我们提出的方案中,将车辆的位置和运动分解为纵向和横向,以简化运动学函数。我们建立了一个基于道路几何的曲线坐标系,并采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)来准确估计和预测车辆的状态。利用这种预测,我们构造了一个指向车辆的波束形成器,以获得高阵列增益和相应的高服务质量。数值结果验证了采用曲线坐标系对车辆状态进行跟踪和预测的可行性。验证了该算法在通信和跟踪指标方面的优越性。
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引用次数: 1
Channel Charting Aided Pilot Allocation in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO mMTC Networks 多小区大规模MIMO mMTC网络中信道图辅助导频分配
Lucas Ribeiro, Markus Leinonen, Isuru Rathnayaka, H. Al-Tous, M. Juntti
Serving a plethora of devices in massive machinetype communications (mMTC) can rely on spatial multiplexing enabled by massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) technology. To release the full potential, accurate channel estimation is needed. Due to the large numbers of devices it necessitates pilot reuse. We propose a pilot allocation algorithm based on multi-point channel charting (CC) to mitigate inevitable pilot contamination in a multi-cell multi-sector mMTC network with spatially correlated mMIMO channels. The generated CC represents an effective interference map from channel covariance matrices to capture the degree of pilot contamination caused by sharing the same pilot sequence among multiple users. The map is then fed into a greedy algorithm that aims at optimizing the reuse pattern of orthogonal pilot sequences to minimize the performance degradation caused by pilot contamination. The proposed CC-based method is empirically shown to obtain notable gains over a reuse-factor-aware random pilot allocation, yet leaving room for further improvements.
在大规模机器类型通信(mMTC)中为大量设备提供服务可以依赖于大规模多输入多输出(mMIMO)技术支持的空间多路复用。为了充分释放潜力,需要精确的信道估计。由于设备数量庞大,因此需要试点重用。我们提出了一种基于多点信道图(CC)的导频分配算法,以减轻具有空间相关mMIMO信道的多小区多扇区mMTC网络中不可避免的导频污染。生成的CC表示来自信道协方差矩阵的有效干扰图,以捕获由多个用户共享相同导频序列引起的导频污染程度。然后将该映射输入贪婪算法,该算法旨在优化正交导频序列的重用模式,以最小化导频污染引起的性能下降。经验表明,所提出的基于cc的方法比可重用因素感知的随机试点分配获得了显著的收益,但仍有进一步改进的空间。
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引用次数: 3
Malicious Exploitation of Byzantine Attack for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing 协同频谱感知拜占庭攻击的恶意利用
Jipeng Gan, Jun Wu, Pei Li, Zehao Chen, Zehao Chen, Jia Zhang, Jian-Duo He
Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is crucial for cognitive radio (CR) to improve spectrum sensing performance. However, the cooperative paradigm is threatened by Byzantine attacks. To ensure the security and energy efficiency (EE) of CSS, in this paper, we propose a malicious exploitation algorithm. Firstly, we distinguish normal users (NUs) from malicious users (MUs) based on the historical performance of secondary users (SUs). Unlike most previous studies, we innovatively improve CSS detection performance by exploiting sensing information from MUs. In addition, we select specific SUs instead of all SUs in data fusion, which reduces the number of samples submitted by SUs to the fusion center (FC). Finally, we further introduce a sequential differential mechanism that substantially reduces samples to improve the EE of CSS. Finally, the numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
协同频谱感知是认知无线电提高频谱感知性能的关键。然而,这种合作模式受到拜占庭式攻击的威胁。为了保证云存储系统的安全性和能效,本文提出了一种恶意利用算法。首先,我们根据二级用户(su)的历史性能区分正常用户(NUs)和恶意用户(mu)。与以往的研究不同,我们创新性地利用了来自微信号的传感信息,提高了CSS的检测性能。此外,我们在数据融合中选择特定的SUs而不是所有的SUs,这减少了SUs提交给融合中心(FC)的样本数量。最后,我们进一步引入了一个顺序差分机制,该机制大大减少了样本,以提高CSS的EE。最后,通过数值仿真验证了算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Channel Prediction over Irregular Terrains: Deep Autoencoder with Random Forest 不规则地形上的信道预测:带有随机森林的深度自编码器
Yuyang Wang, Shiva R. Iyer, D. Chizhik, Jinfeng Du, R. Valenzuela
Channel modeling is critical for coverage prediction, system level simulations, and wireless propagation characterization. Industry practice applies linear fit to the pathloss in decibels against the logarithm of the distance. Simple linear fit, however, cannot fully capture the shadowing effects in the channel, especially for a link with rich scatterings such as non-line-of-sight (NLOS) links in a complex propagation environment. In this paper, we propose an interpretable hybrid learning model with expert knowledge to predict the channel pathloss in desert-like environment using terrain profiles. We apply an autoencoder to extract compressed information from terrain profiles. The compressed representation of terrain, combined with features selected based on expert knowledge such as LOS/NLOS indicator and curvature of the terrain, are used to predict the pathloss. We show that a Random Forest regression model outperforms CNN/DNN models in generalizability of predicting unseen data by training and testing in disjoint sectors of the measured areas.
信道建模对于覆盖预测、系统级仿真和无线传播特性是至关重要的。工业实践采用线性拟合的路径损失分贝对距离的对数。然而,简单的线性拟合并不能完全捕捉信道中的阴影效应,特别是对于复杂传播环境中具有丰富散射的链路,如非视距(NLOS)链路。在本文中,我们提出了一个具有专家知识的可解释混合学习模型,用于利用地形剖面预测沙漠环境下的通道路径损失。我们采用自编码器从地形剖面中提取压缩信息。利用地形的压缩表示,结合基于专家知识选择的特征(如LOS/NLOS指标和地形曲率)来预测路径损失。通过在测量区域的不相交部分进行训练和测试,我们证明随机森林回归模型在预测未见数据的泛化性方面优于CNN/DNN模型。
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引用次数: 0
Toward Robust Networks against Adversarial Attacks for Radio Signal Modulation Classification 无线电信号调制分类中抗敌对攻击的鲁棒网络研究
B. Manoj, P. M. Santos, Meysam Sadeghi, E. Larsson
Deep learning (DL) is a powerful technique for many real-time applications, but it is vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Herein, we consider DL-based modulation classification, with the objective to create DL models that are robust against attacks. Specifically, we introduce three defense techniques: i) randomized smoothing, ii) hybrid projected gradient descent adversarial training, and iii) fast adversarial training, and evaluate them under both white-box (WB) and black-box (BB) attacks. We show that the proposed fast adversarial training is more robust and computationally efficient than the other techniques, and can create models that are extremely robust to practical (BB) attacks.
深度学习(DL)对于许多实时应用来说是一项强大的技术,但它很容易受到对抗性攻击。在这里,我们考虑基于DL的调制分类,目的是创建对攻击具有鲁棒性的DL模型。具体来说,我们介绍了三种防御技术:i)随机平滑,ii)混合投影梯度下降对抗训练和iii)快速对抗训练,并在白盒(WB)和黑盒(BB)攻击下对它们进行了评估。我们表明,所提出的快速对抗训练比其他技术更具鲁棒性和计算效率,并且可以创建对实际(BB)攻击非常鲁棒的模型。
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引用次数: 2
Detection of Impaired OFDM Waveforms Using Deep Learning Receiver 基于深度学习接收机的OFDM波形检测
Jaakko Pihlajasalo, D. Korpi, T. Riihonen, J. Talvitie, M. Uusitalo, M. Valkama
With wireless networks evolving towards mmWave and sub-THz frequency bands, hardware impairments such as IQ imbalance, phase noise (PN) and power amplifier (PA) nonlinear distortion are increasingly critical implementation challenges. In this paper, we describe deep learning based physical-layer receiver solution, with neural network layers in both time- and frequency-domain, to efficiently demodulate OFDM signals under coexisting IQ, PN and PA impairments. 5G NR standard-compliant numerical results are provided at 28 GHz band to assess the receiver performance, demonstrating excellent robustness against varying impairment levels when properly trained.
随着无线网络向毫米波和亚太赫兹频段发展,IQ不平衡、相位噪声(PN)和功率放大器(PA)非线性失真等硬件缺陷日益成为实现无线网络的关键挑战。在本文中,我们描述了基于深度学习的物理层接收器解决方案,在时域和频域都有神经网络层,以有效地解调IQ, PN和PA共存的OFDM信号。在28ghz频段提供符合5G NR标准的数值结果,以评估接收器的性能,在适当的训练下,显示出对不同损伤水平的出色鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communication (SPAWC)
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