Building machine readable collections of musical scores is a tedious and time consuming task. The most common interface for performing music data entry is a mouse and toolbar system; using the mouse, the user selects a rhythm (note shape) from a toolbar, then drags the note to the correct position on the staff. We compare the usability of a hybrid speech and mouse-driven interface to a traditional mouse-driven one. The speech-enhanced interface allows users to enter note rhythms by voice, while still using the mouse to indicate pitches. While task completion time is nearly the same, users (N=13) significantly preferred the speech-augmented interface. A second study using the first two authors of this paper (N=2) indicates that experienced users can enter music 11% faster with the speech interface. Many users expressed a desire to enter pitches, as well as rhythms, by speech. A third study, however, shows that the recognizer is unable to reliably distinguish among A, B, C, D, E, F and G (N=10).
{"title":"A speech interface for building musical score collections","authors":"L. A. Smith, Eline F. Chiu, B. Scott","doi":"10.1145/336597.336657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336657","url":null,"abstract":"Building machine readable collections of musical scores is a tedious and time consuming task. The most common interface for performing music data entry is a mouse and toolbar system; using the mouse, the user selects a rhythm (note shape) from a toolbar, then drags the note to the correct position on the staff. We compare the usability of a hybrid speech and mouse-driven interface to a traditional mouse-driven one. The speech-enhanced interface allows users to enter note rhythms by voice, while still using the mouse to indicate pitches. While task completion time is nearly the same, users (N=13) significantly preferred the speech-augmented interface. A second study using the first two authors of this paper (N=2) indicates that experienced users can enter music 11% faster with the speech interface. Many users expressed a desire to enter pitches, as well as rhythms, by speech. A third study, however, shows that the recognizer is unable to reliably distinguish among A, B, C, D, E, F and G (N=10).","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"64 1","pages":"165-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90142979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The automatic document metadata extraction process is animportant task in a world where thousands of documents are just one``click'' away. Thus, powerful indices are necessary to support effective retrieval. The upcoming XML standard represents an important step in this direction as itssemistructuredrepresentation conveys document metadata together with the text of the document. For example, retrieval of scientific papers by authors or affiliations would be a straightforward tasks if papers were stored in XML.Unfortunately, today, the largest majority of documents on the web are available in forms that do not carryadditional semantics. Converting existing documents to a semistructured representation is time consuming and no automatic process can be easily applied. In this paper we discuss a system, based on a novel spatial/visualknowledge principle, for extracting metadata from scientific papers storedas PostScript files. Our system embeds the general knowledge about the graphical layout of a scientific paper to guide the metadata extraction process. Our system can effectively assist the automatic index creation for digital libraries.
{"title":"Knowledge-based metadata extraction from PostScript files","authors":"G. Giuffrida, E. C. Shek, Jihoon Yang","doi":"10.1145/336597.336639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336639","url":null,"abstract":"The automatic document metadata extraction process is animportant task in a world where thousands of documents are just one``click'' away. Thus, powerful indices are necessary to support effective retrieval. The upcoming XML standard represents an important step in this direction as itssemistructuredrepresentation conveys document metadata together with the text of the document. For example, retrieval of scientific papers by authors or affiliations would be a straightforward tasks if papers were stored in XML.Unfortunately, today, the largest majority of documents on the web are available in forms that do not carryadditional semantics. Converting existing documents to a semistructured representation is time consuming and no automatic process can be easily applied. In this paper we discuss a system, based on a novel spatial/visualknowledge principle, for extracting metadata from scientific papers storedas PostScript files. Our system embeds the general knowledge about the graphical layout of a scientific paper to guide the metadata extraction process. Our system can effectively assist the automatic index creation for digital libraries.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"5 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84354303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A preliminary study was conducted to help understand the purpose of digital libraries (DLs) and to investigate whether meaningful results could be obtained from small user studies of digital libraries. Results stress the importance of mental models, and of "traditional" library support.
{"title":"Purpose and usability of digital libraries","authors":"Y. Theng, N. Mohd-Nasir, H. Thimbleby","doi":"10.1145/336597.336674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336674","url":null,"abstract":"A preliminary study was conducted to help understand the purpose of digital libraries (DLs) and to investigate whether meaningful results could be obtained from small user studies of digital libraries. Results stress the importance of mental models, and of \"traditional\" library support.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"33 1","pages":"238-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84173951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes research on the automatic generation of hypermedia or Web-based presentations for semi-structured data resulting from ad-hoc queries. We identify how different aspects of adaptation, such as personalization and customization, influence the generation process. We address important aspects of the software that facilitates the generation process.
{"title":"Automatic hypermedia generation for ad hoc queries on semi-structured data","authors":"G. Houben, P. D. Bra","doi":"10.1145/336597.336675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336675","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes research on the automatic generation of hypermedia or Web-based presentations for semi-structured data resulting from ad-hoc queries. We identify how different aspects of adaptation, such as personalization and customization, influence the generation process. We address important aspects of the software that facilitates the generation process.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"21 1","pages":"240-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smaller scholarly projects represent a sector of the digital library which makes an important contribution to research on specialized text encoding, retrieval, and interface design for scholarly audiences. Such projects, however, face funding and publication challenges which threaten their long-term survival. The Women Writers Project is using an unusual tier-based licensing model to make the transition from grant-funded research project to independent financial viability.
{"title":"A licensing model for scholarly textbases","authors":"Julia Flanders, E. Mylonas","doi":"10.1145/336597.336690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336690","url":null,"abstract":"Smaller scholarly projects represent a sector of the digital library which makes an important contribution to research on specialized text encoding, retrieval, and interface design for scholarly audiences. Such projects, however, face funding and publication challenges which threaten their long-term survival. The Women Writers Project is using an unusual tier-based licensing model to make the transition from grant-funded research project to independent financial viability.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"4 1","pages":"256-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88606070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital libraries challenge humanists and other academics to rethink the relationship between technology and their work. At the Perseus Project, we have seen the rise of a new combination of skills. The “Corpus Editor” manages a collection of materials that are thematically coherent and focused but are too large to be managed soley with the labor-intensive techniques of traditional editing. The corpus editor must possess a degree of domain specific knowledge and technical expertise that virtually no established graduate training provides. This new position poses a challenge to humanists as they train and support members of the field pursuing new, but necessary tasks.
{"title":"New technology and new roles: the need for “corpus editors”","authors":"G. Crane, Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox","doi":"10.1145/336597.336686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336686","url":null,"abstract":"Digital libraries challenge humanists and other academics to rethink the relationship between technology and their work. At the Perseus Project, we have seen the rise of a new combination of skills. The “Corpus Editor” manages a collection of materials that are thematically coherent and focused but are too large to be managed soley with the labor-intensive techniques of traditional editing. The corpus editor must possess a degree of domain specific knowledge and technical expertise that virtually no established graduate training provides. This new position poses a challenge to humanists as they train and support members of the field pursuing new, but necessary tasks.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"12 5","pages":"252-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/336597.336686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72458069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new model has been developed for the standardization of names in bibliographic databases. This paper describes the model and its implementation and also compares it with an existing model. The results show that the new model will revolutionize name authority control and will also improve on the existing NACO model. A prototype that was developed also indicates the technical feasibility of the model's implementation.
{"title":"Revolutionizing name authority control","authors":"M. Snyman, M. J. V. Rensburg","doi":"10.1145/336597.336660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336660","url":null,"abstract":"A new model has been developed for the standardization of names in bibliographic databases. This paper describes the model and its implementation and also compares it with an existing model. The results show that the new model will revolutionize name authority control and will also improve on the existing NACO model. A prototype that was developed also indicates the technical feasibility of the model's implementation.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"91 1","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80365231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Wesley, D. Greenstein, David Millman, M. Tibbetts, G. Zick
This panel will address some of the practical issues of implementing digital libraries. Everyone seems to agree that digital libraries are in their infancy. Many of us watch in amazement as new developments occur. In the year 2000 building a production digital library means analyzing tradeoffs between stability, innovation, and costs/benefits. In this panel we will address some of the more interesting issues of digital library implementation. One of the critical challenges is the economics of digital libraries. Institutions are forming consortia out of necessity and this raises issues of trust, cooperation and commitment. In order for institutions to deliver web-based resources effectively sophisticated cross-organizational access management tools are needed to authenticate and authorize. Institutions are developing new tools and exporting them from research departments into libraries. How well does this collaboration work? The above issues are only a sampling of the challenges this panel will explore.
{"title":"Implementing digital libraries (panel session)","authors":"R. Wesley, D. Greenstein, David Millman, M. Tibbetts, G. Zick","doi":"10.1145/336597.336699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336699","url":null,"abstract":"This panel will address some of the practical issues of implementing digital libraries. Everyone seems to agree that digital libraries are in their infancy. Many of us watch in amazement as new developments occur. In the year 2000 building a production digital library means analyzing tradeoffs between stability, innovation, and costs/benefits. In this panel we will address some of the more interesting issues of digital library implementation.\u0000One of the critical challenges is the economics of digital libraries. Institutions are forming consortia out of necessity and this raises issues of trust, cooperation and commitment. \u0000In order for institutions to deliver web-based resources effectively sophisticated cross-organizational access management tools are needed to authenticate and authorize.\u0000Institutions are developing new tools and exporting them from research departments into libraries. How well does this collaboration work?\u0000The above issues are only a sampling of the challenges this panel will explore.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"2 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82416260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Significant efforts are being made to digitize rare and valuable library materials, with the goal of providing patrons and historians digital facsimiles that capture the "look and feel" of the original materials. This is often done by digitally photographing the materials and making high resolution 2D images available. The underlying assumption is that the objects are flat. However, older materials may not be flat in practice, being warped and crinkled due to decay, neglect, accident and the passing of time. In such cases, 2D imaging is insufficient to capture the "look and feel" of the original. For these materials, 3D acquisition is necessary to create a realistic facsimile. This paper outlines a technique for capturing an accurate 3D representation of library materials which can be integrated directly into current digitization setups. This will allow digitization efforts to provide patrons with more realistic digital facsimile of library materials.
{"title":"Server selection on the World Wide Web","authors":"Nick Craswell, P. Bailey, D. Hawking","doi":"10.1145/336597.336628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336628","url":null,"abstract":"Significant efforts are being made to digitize rare and valuable library materials, with the goal of providing patrons and historians digital facsimiles that capture the \"look and feel\" of the original materials. This is often done by digitally photographing the materials and making high resolution 2D images available. The underlying assumption is that the objects are flat. However, older materials may not be flat in practice, being warped and crinkled due to decay, neglect, accident and the passing of time. In such cases, 2D imaging is insufficient to capture the \"look and feel\" of the original. For these materials, 3D acquisition is necessary to create a realistic facsimile. This paper outlines a technique for capturing an accurate 3D representation of library materials which can be integrated directly into current digitization setups. This will allow digitization efforts to provide patrons with more realistic digital facsimile of library materials.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"62 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90240341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we introduce the MatchDetectReveal(MDR) system, which is capable of identifying overlapping and plagiarised documents. Each component of the system is briefly described. The matching-engine component uses a modified suffix tree representation, which is able to identify the exact overlapping chunks and its performance is also presented.
{"title":"Document overlap detection system for distributed digital libraries","authors":"K. Monostori, A. Zaslavsky, H. Schmidt","doi":"10.1145/336597.336667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336667","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce the MatchDetectReveal(MDR) system, which is capable of identifying overlapping and plagiarised documents. Each component of the system is briefly described. The matching-engine component uses a modified suffix tree representation, which is able to identify the exact overlapping chunks and its performance is also presented.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"49 1","pages":"226-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90823865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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