What is infrastructure and how shall we know it? As libraries move partly to desktops, one of the challenges facing the digital library community becomes designing for distributed use across many kinds of local circumstance. These circumstances vary widely in terms of people, resources, support, and technical configurations. Designing for this variety means reconceptualizing “user meets screen” as “user meets infrastructure.” This requires scaling up traditional design and evaluation methods, as well as a richer knowledge of the organizational and historical contexts of use. This talk addresses some of the methodological challenges involved in such work. Susan Leigh Star (Leigh) is Professor of Communication at the University of California, San Diego. She received her Ph.D in sociology of science and medicine from UC San Francisco. Before coming to UCSD in 1999, she was Professor of Information Science at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She has also taught at UC Irvine and Keele University, in England, and several universities in Scandinavia as guest professor. Much of her research has been on the social implications and design of large-scale technology, especially information technology. Among her publications are "The Cultures of Computing" (ed) (Blackwell, 1995), "Regions of the Mind: Brain Research and the Quest for Scientific Certainty" (Stanford 1989), and (with Geoffrey Bowker), "Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences" (MIT, 1999). She is volume editor for Science and Technology for the Women's Studies International Encyclopedia (edited by Cheris Kramarae and Dale Spender), forthcoming from Routledge in 2000. Her current research concerns ethical and methodological dilemmas in on-line research with human subjects.
{"title":"“It's infrastructure all the way down” (keynote address)","authors":"S. L. Star","doi":"10.1145/336597.336698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336698","url":null,"abstract":"What is infrastructure and how shall we know it? As libraries move partly to desktops, one of the challenges facing the digital library community becomes designing for distributed use across many kinds of local circumstance. These circumstances vary widely in terms of people, resources, support, and technical configurations. Designing for this variety means reconceptualizing “user meets screen” as “user meets infrastructure.” This requires scaling up traditional design and evaluation methods, as well as a richer knowledge of the organizational and historical contexts of use. This talk addresses some of the methodological challenges involved in such work.\u0000Susan Leigh Star (Leigh) is Professor of Communication at the University of California, San Diego. She received her Ph.D in sociology of science and medicine from UC San Francisco. Before coming to UCSD in 1999, she was Professor of Information Science at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She has also taught at UC Irvine and Keele University, in England, and several universities in Scandinavia as guest professor. Much of her research has been on the social implications and design of large-scale technology, especially information technology. Among her publications are \"The Cultures of Computing\" (ed) (Blackwell, 1995), \"Regions of the Mind: Brain Research and the Quest for Scientific Certainty\" (Stanford 1989), and (with Geoffrey Bowker), \"Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences\" (MIT, 1999). She is volume editor for Science and Technology for the Women's Studies International Encyclopedia (edited by Cheris Kramarae and Dale Spender), forthcoming from Routledge in 2000. Her current research concerns ethical and methodological dilemmas in on-line research with human subjects.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"20 1","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78577972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phrase browsing techniques use phrases extracted automatically from a large information collection as a basis for browsing and accessing it. This paper describes a case study that uses an automatically constructed phrase hierarchy to facilitate browsing of an ordinary large Web site. Phrases are extracted from the full text using a novel combination of rudimentary syntactic processing and sequential grammar induction techniques. The interface is simple, robust and easy to use. To convey a feeling for the quality of the phrases that are generated automatically, a thesaurus used by the organization responsible for the Web site is studied and its degree of overlap with the phrases in the hierarchy is analyzed. Our ultimate goal is to amalgamate hierarchical phrase browsing and hierarchical thesaurus browsing: the latter provides an authoritative domain vocabulary and the former augments coverage in areas the thesaurus does not reach.
{"title":"Scalable browsing for large collections: a case study","authors":"G. Paynter, I. Witten, S. Cunningham, G. Buchanan","doi":"10.1145/336597.336666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336666","url":null,"abstract":"Phrase browsing techniques use phrases extracted automatically from a large information collection as a basis for browsing and accessing it. This paper describes a case study that uses an automatically constructed phrase hierarchy to facilitate browsing of an ordinary large Web site. Phrases are extracted from the full text using a novel combination of rudimentary syntactic processing and sequential grammar induction techniques. The interface is simple, robust and easy to use.\u0000To convey a feeling for the quality of the phrases that are generated automatically, a thesaurus used by the organization responsible for the Web site is studied and its degree of overlap with the phrases in the hierarchy is analyzed. Our ultimate goal is to amalgamate hierarchical phrase browsing and hierarchical thesaurus browsing: the latter provides an authoritative domain vocabulary and the former augments coverage in areas the thesaurus does not reach.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"4 1","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80092081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Waugh, R. Wilkinson, B. Hills, Jon Dell'Oro
Well within our lifetime we can expect to see most information being created, stored and used digitally. Despite the growing importance of digital data, the wider community pays almost no attention to the problems of preserving this digital information for the future. Even within the archival and library communities most work on digital preservation has been theoretical, not practical, and highlights the problems rather than giving solutions. Physical libraries have to preserve information for long periods and this is no less true of their digital equivalents. This paper describes the preservation approach adopted in the Victorian Electronic Record Strategy (VERS) which is currently being trialed within the Victorian government, one of the states of Australia. We review the various preservation approaches that have been suggested and describe in detail encapsulation, the approach which underlies the VERS format. A key difference between the VERS project and previous digital preservation projects is the focus within VERS on the construction of actual systems to test and implement the proposed technology. VERS is not a theoretical study in preservation.
{"title":"Preserving digital information forever","authors":"Andrew Waugh, R. Wilkinson, B. Hills, Jon Dell'Oro","doi":"10.1145/336597.336659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336659","url":null,"abstract":"Well within our lifetime we can expect to see most information being created, stored and used digitally. Despite the growing importance of digital data, the wider community pays almost no attention to the problems of preserving this digital information for the future. Even within the archival and library communities most work on digital preservation has been theoretical, not practical, and highlights the problems rather than giving solutions. Physical libraries have to preserve information for long periods and this is no less true of their digital equivalents. This paper describes the preservation approach adopted in the Victorian Electronic Record Strategy (VERS) which is currently being trialed within the Victorian government, one of the states of Australia. We review the various preservation approaches that have been suggested and describe in detail encapsulation, the approach which underlies the VERS format. A key difference between the VERS project and previous digital preservation projects is the focus within VERS on the construction of actual systems to test and implement the proposed technology. VERS is not a theoretical study in preservation.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"106 1","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77207074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Theng, N. Mohd-Nasir, H. Thimbleby, G. Buchanan, Matt Jones
This paper describes preliminary work carried out to design a children's digital library of stories and poems with and for children aged 11-14 years old. We describe our experience in engaging children as design partners, and propose a digital library environment and design features to provide an engaging, successful learning experience for children using it for collaborative writing.
{"title":"Designing a children's digital library with and for children","authors":"Y. Theng, N. Mohd-Nasir, H. Thimbleby, G. Buchanan, Matt Jones","doi":"10.1145/336597.336697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336697","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes preliminary work carried out to design a children's digital library of stories and poems with and for children aged 11-14 years old. We describe our experience in engaging children as design partners, and propose a digital library environment and design features to provide an engaging, successful learning experience for children using it for collaborative writing.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":"266-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78017290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Gennai, L. Abba, M. Buzzi, Maria Grazia Balestri, S. Mangiaracina
In this paper we propose an integration between electronic mail and web services for people such as library operators who need to send large files to Internet users. The proposed solution permits libraries to continue using the e-mail service to send large documents, but at the same time overcomes problems that users can encounter downloading large size files with e-mail agents. The library operator sends the document as an attachment to the destination address, on fly the e-mail server extracts and saves the attachments in a web-server disk file and substitutes them with a new messsage part that includes the URL pointing to the saved document. The reciever can download these large objects using a user-friendly browser.
{"title":"Experience in implementing a document delivery service","authors":"F. Gennai, L. Abba, M. Buzzi, Maria Grazia Balestri, S. Mangiaracina","doi":"10.1145/336597.336695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336695","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose an integration between electronic mail and web services for people such as library operators who need to send large files to Internet users. The proposed solution permits libraries to continue using the e-mail service to send large documents, but at the same time overcomes problems that users can encounter downloading large size files with e-mail agents. The library operator sends the document as an attachment to the destination address, on fly the e-mail server extracts and saves the attachments in a web-server disk file and substitutes them with a new messsage part that includes the URL pointing to the saved document. The reciever can download these large objects using a user-friendly browser.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"17 10","pages":"262-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/336597.336695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72399096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research on annotations has focused on how readers annotate texts, ignoring the question of how reading annotations might affect subsequent readers of a text. This paper reports on a study of persuasive essays written by 123 undergraduates receiving primary source materials annotated in various ways. Findings indicate that annotations improve Findings indicate that annotations improve recall of emphasized items, influence how specific arguments in the source materials are perceived, decrease students' tendencies to unnecessarily summarize. Of particular interest is that students' perceptions of the annotator appeared to greatly influence how they responded to the annotated material. Using this study as a basis, I discuss implications for the design and implementation of digitally annotated materials.
{"title":"Effects of annotations on student readers and writers","authors":"J. Wolfe","doi":"10.1145/336597.336620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336620","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on annotations has focused on how readers annotate texts, ignoring the question of how reading annotations might affect subsequent readers of a text. This paper reports on a study of persuasive essays written by 123 undergraduates receiving primary source materials annotated in various ways. Findings indicate that annotations improve Findings indicate that annotations improve recall of emphasized items, influence how specific arguments in the source materials are perceived, decrease students' tendencies to unnecessarily summarize. Of particular interest is that students' perceptions of the annotator appeared to greatly influence how they responded to the annotated material. Using this study as a basis, I discuss implications for the design and implementation of digitally annotated materials.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"189 ","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/336597.336620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72443926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the Compus visualization system that assists in the exploration and analysis of structured document corpora encoded in XML. Compus has been developed for and applied to a corpus of 100 French manuscript letters of the 16th century, transcribed and encoded for scholarly analysis using the recommendations of the Text Encoding Initiative. By providing a synoptic visualization of a corpus and allowing for dynamic queries and structural transformations, Compus assists researchers in finding regularities or discrepancies, leading to a higher level analysis of historic source. Compus can be used with other richly encoded text corpora as well.
{"title":"Compus: visualization and analysis of structured documents for understanding social life in the 16th century","authors":"Jean-Daniel Fekete, Nicole Dufournaud","doi":"10.1145/336597.336632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336632","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the Compus visualization system that assists in the exploration and analysis of structured document corpora encoded in XML. Compus has been developed for and applied to a corpus of 100 French manuscript letters of the 16th century, transcribed and encoded for scholarly analysis using the recommendations of the Text Encoding Initiative. By providing a synoptic visualization of a corpus and allowing for dynamic queries and structural transformations, Compus assists researchers in finding regularities or discrepancies, leading to a higher level analysis of historic source. Compus can be used with other richly encoded text corpora as well.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"54 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78458501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our project focuses on rapid formation and utilization of custom collections of information for groups focused on high-paced tasks. Assembling such collections, as well as organizing and analyzing the documents within them, is a complex and sophisticated task. It requires understanding what information management services and tools are provided by the system, when they appropriate to use, and how those services can be composed together to perform more complex analyses. This paper describes the architecture of a prototype implementation of the information analysis management system that we have developed. The architecture uses metadata to describe collections of documents both in term of their content and structure. This metadata allows the system to dynamically and in a content-sensitive manner to determine the set of appropriate analysis services. To facilitate the invocation of those services, the architecture also provides an asynchronous and transparent service access mechanism.
{"title":"Asynchronous information space analysis architecture using content and structure-based service brokering","authors":"Ke-Thia Yao, In-Young Ko, Ragy Eleish, R. Neches","doi":"10.1145/336597.336653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336653","url":null,"abstract":"Our project focuses on rapid formation and utilization of custom collections of information for groups focused on high-paced tasks. Assembling such collections, as well as organizing and analyzing the documents within them, is a complex and sophisticated task. It requires understanding what information management services and tools are provided by the system, when they appropriate to use, and how those services can be composed together to perform more complex analyses. This paper describes the architecture of a prototype implementation of the information analysis management system that we have developed. The architecture uses metadata to describe collections of documents both in term of their content and structure. This metadata allows the system to dynamically and in a content-sensitive manner to determine the set of appropriate analysis services. To facilitate the invocation of those services, the architecture also provides an asynchronous and transparent service access mechanism.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"27 1","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77569121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes MiBiblio, a highly personalizable interface to large collections in digital libraries. MiBiblio allows users to create virtual places we term personal spaces. As users find useful items in the repositories, they organize these items and keep them handy in their personal spaces for future use. Personal spaces may also be updated by user agents.
{"title":"MiBiblio: personal spaces in a digital library universe","authors":"Lourdes Fernández, J. A. Sánchez, A. García","doi":"10.1145/336597.336671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336671","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes MiBiblio, a highly personalizable interface to large collections in digital libraries. MiBiblio allows users to create virtual places we term personal spaces. As users find useful items in the repositories, they organize these items and keep them handy in their personal spaces for future use. Personal spaces may also be updated by user agents.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"37 1","pages":"232-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79360710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Luk, D. Yeung, Q. Lu, Eric Leung, S. Y. Li, Fred Leung
This paper describes our effort to make digital libraries (on the World Wide Web or in CD-ROMs) accessible to the Chinese visually impaired via a (Web) browser. The interface has an electromagnetic braille display for touch reading, as well as a bilingual English-Chinese text-to-speech system. The interface for navigating through the Web and the web pages is presented. Apart from web navigation, Chinese data entry is difficult even for the sighted users, due to the large Chinese character set. An advanced input method designed for the Chinese visually impaired is discussed. It enables the visually impaired to formulate both Boolean-type and natural language queries.
{"title":"Digital library access for Chinese visually impaired","authors":"R. Luk, D. Yeung, Q. Lu, Eric Leung, S. Y. Li, Fred Leung","doi":"10.1145/336597.336678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/336597.336678","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes our effort to make digital libraries (on the World Wide Web or in CD-ROMs) accessible to the Chinese visually impaired via a (Web) browser. The interface has an electromagnetic braille display for touch reading, as well as a bilingual English-Chinese text-to-speech system. The interface for navigating through the Web and the web pages is presented. Apart from web navigation, Chinese data entry is difficult even for the sighted users, due to the large Chinese character set. An advanced input method designed for the Chinese visually impaired is discussed. It enables the visually impaired to formulate both Boolean-type and natural language queries.","PeriodicalId":42447,"journal":{"name":"Digital Library Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":"244-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77079950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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