{"title":"Vienna, or Pest?","authors":"Viliam Pauliny-Tóth","doi":"10.12775/31132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/31132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"269-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42373871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.07
M. Czerwiński
This article describes the experience of the community of Serb-Catholics living in Dubrovnik in the early twentieth century. It is based primarily on an investigation of the literary and cultural periodical Srdj (1902–08). This study focuses, firstly, on the conceptual ambivalence resulting from efforts to apply linguistic criteria to determine Serbian identity and, secondly, on the efforts to construct a mental map that would serve projections of Serbian symbolic territory. While the presence of the Serb-Catholic milieu in the city was short-lived (from the mid-nineteenth century to the First World War), it nevertheless left traces on the urban landscape that typified the ambivalent formation of national identity along religious lines, as Croatians were associated with Catholicism and Serbs with Orthodoxy.
{"title":"Old Dubrovnik, Young Serbia and Vague Croatia. Mental Maps in the Serb-Catholic Imagination in Dubrovnik","authors":"M. Czerwiński","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.07","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the experience of the community of Serb-Catholics living in Dubrovnik in the early twentieth century. It is based primarily on an investigation of the literary and cultural periodical Srdj (1902–08). This study focuses, firstly, on the conceptual ambivalence resulting from efforts to apply linguistic criteria to determine Serbian identity and, secondly, on the efforts to construct a mental map that would serve projections of Serbian symbolic territory. While the presence of the Serb-Catholic milieu in the city was short-lived (from the mid-nineteenth century to the First World War), it nevertheless left traces on the urban landscape that typified the ambivalent formation of national identity along religious lines, as Croatians were associated with Catholicism and Serbs with Orthodoxy.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48671557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.08
O. Iudean
An integral part in the nation-building processes unfolding in the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy was the formation of specifi c elite segments that could shepherd various ethnic or confessional communities towards modernity or help to preserve their national existence in the face of de-nationalising policies. Over time, the establishment of a legal elite – graduates of law academies and faculties – assumed an increasingly important role, especially for national minorities. The present paper attempts to tally the results of the collective endeavour on the part of the Romanians in Dualist Hungary to forge this elite segment by focusing on the swansong moment of Romanian petitioning, the Memorandum trial of 1894. It examines the impromptu selection of local members of the Romanian legal elite in Hungary, occasioned by the need to defend the leadership of the Romanian national movement in the courtroom, and discusses their educational and professional backgrounds. It also shines a light on the contrary positions taken by other members of the national leadership – also a segment of this legal elite – and the ensuing confl icts between and among the national leadership as both groups tried in their own way to defend the Romanian national movement.
{"title":"Defending the ‘Sacrilege against the Homeland’: The Romanian Legal Elite in Hungary on the Benches of the Memorandum Trial (1894)","authors":"O. Iudean","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.08","url":null,"abstract":"An integral part in the nation-building processes unfolding in the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy was the formation of specifi c elite segments that could shepherd various ethnic or confessional communities towards modernity or help to preserve their national existence in the face of de-nationalising policies. Over time, the establishment of a legal elite – graduates of law academies and faculties – assumed an increasingly important role, especially for national minorities. The present paper attempts to tally the results of the collective endeavour on the part of the Romanians in Dualist Hungary to forge this elite segment by focusing on the swansong moment of Romanian petitioning, the Memorandum trial of 1894. It examines the impromptu selection of local members of the Romanian legal elite in Hungary, occasioned by the need to defend the leadership of the Romanian national movement in the courtroom, and discusses their educational and professional backgrounds. It also shines a light on the contrary positions taken by other members of the national leadership – also a segment of this legal elite – and the ensuing confl icts between and among the national leadership as both groups tried in their own way to defend the Romanian national movement.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46769740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.04
Marzena Bogus-Spyra
As part of the modernisation process, the authorities of major European countries ascribed to teachers of people’s schools the role of educating the lower strata of society (inhabitants of villages, manual workers, etc.). Similarly, they put this professional group in charge of the realisation of the hidden purpose of state education: shaping subjects so that they would accept the social and political order. Given their required education and the social tasks they undertook, it was assumed folk teachers would be associated with opinion-forming groups and the intelligentsia. However, in fact, for a long time, they were denied belonging to either of these groups. During the long nineteenth century, they had to struggle with a negative reception of their efforts in those circles in which the school and the teacher were perceived as unnecessary institutions. In most regions of Central Europe, for example in Austrian Silesia, thanks to the improvements of the professional competencies of the teachers and their dedication in fulfi lling their obligations, both at school and outside it, the teachers and their organisations were successful in changing this perception of them. They were also actively involved in the political activities of various national camps. Nevertheless, in most offi cial institutions, they were not the ones making the most important decisions concerning elementary education. At the same time, however, without their cooperation, none of the educational and social plans would have been implemented in practice. Thanks to their participation in the public life of local communities, especially rural ones, over time they became the new opinion-formers, playing the role of an intelligentsia that works among the people. They were not only elementary education specialists, but also pedagogues, activity-inspirers for the adult inhabitants, and experts in dealing with all kinds of situations and emergency issues.
{"title":"Incomplete Intelligentsia: Efforts of Folk Teachers to Improve Their Social Status within the Habsburg Monarchy","authors":"Marzena Bogus-Spyra","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.04","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the modernisation process, the authorities of major European countries ascribed to teachers of people’s schools the role of educating the lower strata of society (inhabitants of villages, manual workers, etc.). Similarly, they put this professional group in charge of the realisation of the hidden purpose of state education: shaping subjects so that they would accept the social and political order. Given their required education and the social tasks they undertook, it was assumed folk teachers would be associated with opinion-forming groups and the intelligentsia. However, in fact, for a long time, they were denied belonging to either of these groups. During the long nineteenth century, they had to struggle with a negative reception of their efforts in those circles in which the school and the teacher were perceived as unnecessary institutions. In most regions of Central Europe, for example in Austrian Silesia, thanks to the improvements of the professional competencies of the teachers and their dedication in fulfi lling their obligations, both at school and outside it, the teachers and their organisations were successful in changing this perception of them. They were also actively involved in the political activities of various national camps. Nevertheless, in most offi cial institutions, they were not the ones making the most important decisions concerning elementary education. At the same time, however, without their cooperation, none of the educational and social plans would have been implemented in practice. Thanks to their participation in the public life of local communities, especially rural ones, over time they became the new opinion-formers, playing the role of an intelligentsia that works among the people. They were not only elementary education specialists, but also pedagogues, activity-inspirers for the adult inhabitants, and experts in dealing with all kinds of situations and emergency issues.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"65-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41589904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.06
Martin Klečacký
This paper is a case study of relations between the agents of self-government and the state administration as representatives of the local elite in the milieu of a small town in central Bohemia. Set in the context of the political crisis in the 1890s and at the beginning of the twentieth century, it follows the power relations and the struggle of self-government bodies against the district captain (representing the central government), as well as the efforts of the state to force the local elite to respect the state authority and to arrange for proper operation of the public
{"title":"A Municipality against the State: Power Relations between State and Local Self-Government Representatives, Based on the Example of Bohemia at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Martin Klečacký","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a case study of relations between the agents of self-government and the state administration as representatives of the local elite in the milieu of a small town in central Bohemia. Set in the context of the political crisis in the 1890s and at the beginning of the twentieth century, it follows the power relations and the struggle of self-government bodies against the district captain (representing the central government), as well as the efforts of the state to force the local elite to respect the state authority and to arrange for proper operation of the public","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"121-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42756192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.03
M. Falski
This text discusses the formation of Slovenian local elites in Trieste in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A significant part of the analysis presented here concerns the habitus of the elite and the attitudes expressed through the significance they attached to being members of the elite. Drawing on the discourses presented in the Slovenian and Croatian press published in Trieste, as well as biographical sources, this article outlines the vision of society held by the political leaders of the local community. It emphasises how the elites gave expression to their habitus in the public sphere through a variety of institutional activities. I argue that the life of the Slovenian politician and social activist Ivan Nabergoj, a figure central to this text, constitutes an ideal-type committed biography. In conclusion, I address the relationship between the elites and the surrounding community, arguing that elites were representatives of the community while also determining the forms of group belonging by their shaping of mechanisms of consolidation. In this article, I also consider the particularities of the political conditions of Slovenians living in the Slavic-Italian borderlands.
{"title":"Slovenian Elites in Trieste and Their Role in the Formation of Local Communities","authors":"M. Falski","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.03","url":null,"abstract":"This text discusses the formation of Slovenian local elites in Trieste in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A significant part of the analysis presented here concerns the habitus of the elite and the attitudes expressed through the significance they attached to being members of the elite. Drawing on the discourses presented in the Slovenian and Croatian press published in Trieste, as well as biographical sources, this article outlines the vision of society held by the political leaders of the local community. It emphasises how the elites gave expression to their habitus in the public sphere through a variety of institutional activities. I argue that the life of the Slovenian politician and social activist Ivan Nabergoj, a figure central to this text, constitutes an ideal-type committed biography. In conclusion, I address the relationship between the elites and the surrounding community, arguing that elites were representatives of the community while also determining the forms of group belonging by their shaping of mechanisms of consolidation. In this article, I also consider the particularities of the political conditions of Slovenians living in the Slavic-Italian borderlands.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"43-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42735969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.05
T. Székely, Szilveszter Csernus-Lukács
The multi-ethnic regions of the Habsburg Monarchy became increasingly perceived as places of instability and insecurity after the rise of competing national movements in the mid-nineteenth century. The antagonism between local national elites culminated after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, as all pursued a course aimed at securing a favourable position. As actors of security, the local elites often and typically declared themselves and their respective nations to be existentially threatened and therefore with a legitimate claim to survive the challenges brought on by modern times. To investigate the security dilemmas of the local elites in two different regions of Austria-Hungary – namely in three city municipalities in BácsBodrog county in Southern Hungary; and in Vas, Sopron and Moson counties in western Hungary – this study combines methods of historical discourse analysis * This paper was written as part of a DFG Collaborative Research Centre/ Transregio 138 subproject at the Herder Institute in Marburg, Germany, entitled ‘Discourses on the Rights of Minorities and Majorities in East Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Century’. The case study of western Hungary was written by Tamás Székely, whereas the case study of southern Hungary by Szilveszter Csernus-Lukács. The introduction and conclusion of the paper are a joint effort by the two authors. The case study no. 2 was supported by The Únkp-19-3-Szte New National Excellence Program of The Ministry For Innovation And Technology. For more, see https://www.herder-institut.de/projekte/laufende-projekte/ versicherheitlichung-und-diskurse-ueber-rechte-von-minderheiten-und-mehrheitenin-ostmitteleuropa-im-19-und-20-jahrhundert.html; more information on the collaborative research centre: https://www.sfb138.de. 86 Tamás Székely and Szilveszter Csernus-Lukács with approaches taken from security and nationalism studies as well as regional
在19世纪中期相互竞争的民族运动兴起后，哈布斯堡王朝的多民族地区越来越被视为不稳定和不安全的地方。1867年奥匈妥协后，当地民族精英之间的对抗达到了顶峰，因为所有人都在追求一个有利的地位。作为安全的行动者，当地精英经常而且典型地宣称自己和他们各自的国家受到生存威胁，因此他们有合法的权利在现代带来的挑战中生存下来。调查奥匈帝国两个不同地区的地方精英的安全困境，即匈牙利南部巴斯克斯博德罗格县的三个市镇；这项研究结合了历史话语分析的方法。本文是德国马尔堡牧民研究所DFG合作研究中心/Transregio 138子项目的一部分，题为“19世纪和20世纪中东欧少数民族和主要民族权利的话语”。匈牙利西部的案例研究由Tamás Székely撰写，而匈牙利南部的案例研究则由Szilvester Csernus Lukács撰写。论文的引言和结论是两位作者的共同努力。2号案例研究得到了创新与技术部新国家卓越计划的支持。有关更多信息，请参阅https://www.herder-institut.de/projekte/laufende-projekte/versicherheitlichung-und-diskurse-ueber-recht-von-minderheiten-und-mehrheitenin-ostmitteleuropa-inm-19-und-20-jahrhundt.html；关于合作研究中心的更多信息：https://www.sfb138.de.86 Tamás Székely和Szilveszter Csernus Lukács采用了安全和民族主义研究以及地区研究的方法
{"title":"Securing Own Position: Challenges Faced by Local Elites after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise","authors":"T. Székely, Szilveszter Csernus-Lukács","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.05","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-ethnic regions of the Habsburg Monarchy became increasingly perceived as places of instability and insecurity after the rise of competing national movements in the mid-nineteenth century. The antagonism between local national elites culminated after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, as all pursued a course aimed at securing a favourable position. As actors of security, the local elites often and typically declared themselves and their respective nations to be existentially threatened and therefore with a legitimate claim to survive the challenges brought on by modern times. To investigate the security dilemmas of the local elites in two different regions of Austria-Hungary – namely in three city municipalities in BácsBodrog county in Southern Hungary; and in Vas, Sopron and Moson counties in western Hungary – this study combines methods of historical discourse analysis * This paper was written as part of a DFG Collaborative Research Centre/ Transregio 138 subproject at the Herder Institute in Marburg, Germany, entitled ‘Discourses on the Rights of Minorities and Majorities in East Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Century’. The case study of western Hungary was written by Tamás Székely, whereas the case study of southern Hungary by Szilveszter Csernus-Lukács. The introduction and conclusion of the paper are a joint effort by the two authors. The case study no. 2 was supported by The Únkp-19-3-Szte New National Excellence Program of The Ministry For Innovation And Technology. For more, see https://www.herder-institut.de/projekte/laufende-projekte/ versicherheitlichung-und-diskurse-ueber-rechte-von-minderheiten-und-mehrheitenin-ostmitteleuropa-im-19-und-20-jahrhundert.html; more information on the collaborative research centre: https://www.sfb138.de. 86 Tamás Székely and Szilveszter Csernus-Lukács with approaches taken from security and nationalism studies as well as regional","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46940617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.01
Aleksander Łupienko
This article explores the urban elites of Lviv during its autonomous era under Habsburg rule. The elites included not only state and municipal offi cials but also ‘self-proclaimed’ groups of local patriots, whose main point of reference was their city and maintaining its respectability. The issue of the preservation of secular monuments in the city (mainly the Old Town) is dealt with, as well as the history of selected grassroots associations, like the Society of the Friends of Old Lviv and the Society for the Embellishment of the City of Lviv and Its Surroundings. The author argues that by investigating the institutions which took care of the physical space of the city and its buildings, it is possible to delve into the identity of the elites in question. He further argues that it was not only the imperial and national identity that was refl ected in the sources, but also a purely local one, which points to the issue of localness as an important category of research.
{"title":"Localness, Identity, and the Historic City. New Elites in the Autonomous Galician Lviv","authors":"Aleksander Łupienko","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the urban elites of Lviv during its autonomous era under Habsburg rule. The elites included not only state and municipal offi cials but also ‘self-proclaimed’ groups of local patriots, whose main point of reference was their city and maintaining its respectability. The issue of the preservation of secular monuments in the city (mainly the Old Town) is dealt with, as well as the history of selected grassroots associations, like the Society of the Friends of Old Lviv and the Society for the Embellishment of the City of Lviv and Its Surroundings. The author argues that by investigating the institutions which took care of the physical space of the city and its buildings, it is possible to delve into the identity of the elites in question. He further argues that it was not only the imperial and national identity that was refl ected in the sources, but also a purely local one, which points to the issue of localness as an important category of research.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"5-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45401046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.10
E. Orman
{"title":"Eighty-Five Years of the Polish Biographical Dictionary at 17 Sławkowska St., Cracow","authors":"E. Orman","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.12775/aph.2020.121.11
T. Balkelis
{"title":"A Dirty War: The Armed Polish-Lithuanian Conflict and its Impact on Nation-Making in Lithuania, 1919–23","authors":"T. Balkelis","doi":"10.12775/aph.2020.121.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2020.121.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"121 1","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43718973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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