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Ideologías lingüísticas y pandemia: un análisis de textos metalingüísticos en la prensa española 语言意识形态与流行病:西班牙报刊元语言文本分析
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19123
Carmen Marimón Llorca, Ana Pano Alamán
La pandemia por covid-19 ha tenido repercusión en todos los aspectos de la vida de los individuos, incluidas las formas de relacionarse y de establecer vínculos con los otros. La lengua, como herramienta comunicativa esencial, también se ha visto afectada por la nueva situación y, de forma excepcionalmente rápida, hablantes e instituciones han incorporado nuevos términos y dotado de nuevas significaciones a palabras ya existentes. Por su parte, los expertos -lingüistas, académicos, periodistas- se han pronunciado ante estas novedades y, al hacerlo, han evidenciado su actitud ante la lengua. En este trabajo se estudia el eco que las palabras relacionadas con la covid-19 han tenido en los medios y se analiza, desde una perspectiva crítica, la recepción de los nuevos términos, la toma de postura ideológica y los grados de purismo lingüístico y social que se manifiestan. El análisis se ha llevado a cabo sobre un corpus de columnas sobre la lengua (CSL) publicadas entre marzo de 2020 y abril de 2021 en la prensa española. El hecho de utilizar textos metalingüísticos ha permitido no solo recopilar una parte importante del nuevo vocabulario sino también analizar la toma de postura de cada uno de los columnistas, observadores y árbitros de la lengua viva de la comunidad.
covid-19大流行影响了个人生活的方方面面,包括与他人交往和建立联系的方式。语言作为一种重要的交流工具,也受到了新形势的影响,说话者和机构异常迅速地吸收了新的术语,并赋予了现有词汇新的含义。就语言学家、学者和记者等专家而言,他们对这些发展发表了自己的看法,从而表明了他们对语言的态度。本文研究了与covid-19相关的词汇在媒体上的反响,并从批判的角度分析了新词汇的接受、意识形态立场以及所表现出的语言和社会纯粹程度。该分析是在2020年3月至2021年4月期间发表在西班牙报纸上的一组关于语言的专栏(CSL)上进行的。元语言文本的使用不仅使我们能够收集大量的新词汇,而且还使我们能够分析每一位专栏作家、观察员和评论员对共同体现存语言的立场。
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引用次数: 0
Ivano Eberini, Spillover 伊瓦诺·埃贝里尼,斯皮洛弗
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19180
C. Fiammenghi
Ivano Eberini, Spillover (CTU - Centro per l’innovazione didattica e le tecnologie multimediali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Podcast, 2020) di Carlotta Fiammenghi
Ivano Eberini,Spillover(CTU-米兰大学教育创新与多媒体技术中心,播客,2020),Carlotta Fiammenghi
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引用次数: 0
Marco Malvestio, The Conflict Revisited. The Second World War in Post-Postmodern Fiction 马尔科·马尔维斯奥,《重访冲突》。后现代小说中的第二次世界大战
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19191
Ilaria Stefani
Marco Malvestio, The Conflict Revisited. The Second World War in Post-Postmodern Fiction (Oxford, Peter Lang, 2021, pp. 218 ISBN 978-1-78997-209-2) di Ilaria Stefani
马尔科·马尔维斯蒂奥,《重新审视冲突》。后现代小说中的第二次世界大战(牛津,彼得·朗,2021,218页,ISBN 978-1-78997-209-2)di Ilaria Stefani
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引用次数: 0
Border Reconfigurations in Contagious Societies. Epidemics as Biopolitical Crises from the Decameron to Nemesis 传染性社会中的边界重构。流行病作为从十日谈到复仇女神的生命政治危机
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19129
Alice Balestrino
This article aims at investigating two narratives about historical moments of sociopolitical, economic, and cultural crisis represented through literary descriptions of epidemics. I will focus on the subtext of the plague in one of the foundational texts of the Western canon, the Decameron, paying particular attention to the metaphor of contagion as a phenomenon allowing for the renegotiations of biopolitical borders in the Florentine society of the Trecento. Building on images of contamination as vehicles of contagion, I am interested in interrogating the roots and scope of the reconsideration of traditional norms and accustomed practices that Giovanni Bocaccio frames in biopolitical terms in the description of the 1348 plague in Florence. I will also take into consideration Philip Roth’s 2010 novel Nemesis, which is set against the background of the polio outbreak in Newark in 1944. Nemesis depicts a prophylactic measure identical to the country retreat that famously frames the main narrative in the Decameron, yet in Roth’s novel it represents a failed attempt to escape contagion. Another narrative trait that Nemesis shares with the Decameron is the context: a society on the verge of essential transformations in the political, cultural, and economic realm. Indeed, mercantile Florence of the Trecento was on the brink of a new era, the Early Modern period, likewise 1944 USA was involved in WWII, fighting for the geopolitical supremacy over a new world order (the Cold War) and shaping a new socio-economic model: neoliberalism.
本文旨在通过对流行病的文学描述,探讨两种关于社会政治、经济和文化危机历史时刻的叙事。我将在西方经典的基础文本之一《十日谈》中关注瘟疫的潜台词,特别关注传染病作为一种现象的隐喻,这种现象允许在三世纪佛罗伦萨社会重新谈判生物政治边界。基于污染作为传染媒介的图像,我有兴趣质疑乔瓦尼·博卡乔在描述1348年佛罗伦萨瘟疫时用生物政治术语所界定的对传统规范和习惯做法的重新思考的根源和范围。我还将考虑菲利普·罗斯2010年的小说《复仇女神》,该小说以1944年纽瓦克爆发脊髓灰质炎为背景。《复仇女神》描绘了一种预防措施,与《十日谈》中著名的主要叙事框架中的乡村撤退相同,但在罗斯的小说中,它代表了逃离传染病的失败尝试。《复仇女神》与《十日谈》的另一个叙事特征是背景:一个处于政治、文化和经济领域本质变革边缘的社会。事实上,特雷森托时期的商业佛罗伦萨正处于一个新时代的边缘,即现代早期,同样在1944年,美国卷入了第二次世界大战,为新世界秩序(冷战)的地缘政治霸权而战,并形成了一种新的社会经济模式:新自由主义。
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引用次数: 0
China’s narrative of the fight against COVID-19: a case study of the representation of social actors in China Keywords 抗击新冠肺炎的中国叙事:以中国社会行为体代表性为例
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19193
Chiara Bertulessi
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, the Chinese political leadership has devoted substantial efforts to shape, through media and institutional discourses, a specific narrative of its response to the crisis, framing it as a fight in which the Chinese people, under the leadership of Xi Jinping and the Chinese Communist Party, promptly came together to defeat the virus. The present paper examines this dominant narrative focusing on the Chinese language section on the fight against COVID-19 of the multilingual online platform China Keywords, a project run by State and Party-affiliated institutions. Drawing on the theoretical background and analytical tools from Critical Discourse Studies, the paper provides an analysis of the discursive representation of social actors constructed by this tool. The analysis shows how different discursive strategies employed to represent specific social actors contribute to reinforce the constitutive elements of the Chinese leadership’s dominant narrative of the events of early 2020. Moreover, the paper argues that the section of China Keywords on the topic should be understood as one of the products of the multifaceted institutional efforts to “tell China’s Covid-19 story well,” both domestically and internationally.  
本文以国家和党属机构运营的多语种在线平台“中国关键词”抗击COVID-19的中文部分为重点,研究了这一占主导地位的叙事。本文利用批判话语研究的理论背景和分析工具,对该工具构建的社会行动者的话语表征进行了分析。分析显示了不同的话语策略如何被用来代表特定的社会行动者,从而有助于加强中国领导层对2020年初事件的主导叙事的构成要素。此外,本文认为,“中国关键词”部分关于这一主题的内容应被理解为国内和国际上“讲好中国新冠肺炎故事”的多方面机构努力的产物之一。
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引用次数: 0
Una enfermedad es una guerra: las metáforas bélicas políticas sobre el COVID-19 疾病就是战争:关于COVID-19的政治战争隐喻
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19113
Asunción Escribano Hernández
La metáfora, como ha señalado la ciencia cognitiva, es mucho más que un simple adorno retórico. Con ella se proyecta y comparte una determinada imagen de lo que se comunica. Sirve, igualmente, para estructurar el pensamiento, analizar la sociedad o generar unas determinadas expectativas sobre la realidad. De aquí que nos haya parecido que su investigación es necesaria en el caso de los discursos políticos, ya que estos son la base de la agenda de los intereses sociales cotidianos, a partir de los cuales se da a conocer una determinada perspectiva de una situación. Por ello este texto tiene como finalidad estudiar la transmisión de la pandemia en los discursos de los políticos españoles en el Congreso de los Diputados a partir del estado de alarma decretado por el Gobierno. Se ha llevado a cabo el análisis de las estructuras metafóricas identificadoras del Covid-19 con un conflicto bélico. Se ha cuantificado su uso, y relacionado con los discursos de cada líder político. Finalmente, se han clasificado las metáforas en marcos o redes semánticas que proyectan una determinada imagen de la enfermedad, y también de la acción tomada por el Gobierno.
正如认知科学所指出的,隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞装饰。通过这种方式,她投射并分享了她所传达的东西的特定形象。它还有助于构建思想、分析社会或产生对现实的某些期望。因此,在政治话语的情况下,它的研究似乎是必要的,因为它们是日常社会利益议程的基础,从这些议程中可以看到一种情况的特定视角。因此,本文旨在从政府颁布的警报状态出发,研究西班牙政治家在众议院的讲话中传播大流行的情况。对Covid-19与战争冲突的隐喻识别结构进行了分析。它的使用已经被量化,并与每个政治领导人的演讲相关联。最后,隐喻被分类在语义框架或网络中,这些框架或网络投射出疾病的特定形象,以及政府采取的行动。
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引用次数: 1
Galina Rymbu, Žizn’ v prostranstve (Vita nello spazio) Galina Rymbu,žizn'v protranstve(太空生活)
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19162
Erika Parotti
Galina Rymbu, Žizn’ v prostranstve (Vita nello spazio) (Moskva, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2018, 128 pp. ISBN 978-5-4448-0909-9) di Erika Parotti
Galina Rymbu,《太空生活》(Moskva,Novoe literatornoe obozrenie,2018,128页,ISBN 978-5-4448-909-9),作者Erika Parotti
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引用次数: 0
Chris Baker’s Kokopu Dreams: A Prophetic View of a Disrupted Post-Pandemic World Chris Baker的Kokopu梦想:一个混乱的后疫情世界的预言
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19131
P. Della Valle
The global pandemic, with its multiple and far-reaching disruptions, has forced us to rethink and rewrite the world we live in. Chris Baker’s novel Kokopu Dreams (2000) sounds somehow prophetic today in the aftermath of the Covid-19 crisis. His work could be labelled as “speculative fiction” and placed among the umbrella categories of magic realism, science fiction and post-apocalyptic fiction. Set in Aotearoa New Zealand, the story focuses on the life of the few human survivors of a rapidly-spreading deadly illness caused by the rabbit calicivirus, illegally introduced into the country. The calicivirus has mutated and killed almost all the human population, who is now living in a land controlled by animals and spirits. The novel is also a template of transcultural writing, mixing Māori creation stories, Christian and Celtic mythologies, scientific issues and aspects of everyday life. Having grown up in a contact zone of different cultures―Baker is of Polynesian (Samoan), Anglo-Saxon and Celtic origin, but regards himself as a “Pacific” person―he shares that multiplicity of belonging which is a typical condition in the Pacific region today. Baker deals with a physical and cultural collective trauma, and the process of re-signification of the ethos in a bi-cultural country made of people of mixed ancestry, European and Māori. The re-elaboration of the epidemic experience is therefore based on both a Western rational representation and an indigenous mythical one.
这场全球性大流行病带来了多重和深远的破坏,迫使我们重新思考和改写我们生活的世界。克里斯·贝克的小说《科科普之梦》(2000年)在新冠疫情之后的今天听起来颇具预言性。他的作品可以被贴上“投机小说”的标签,并被归入魔幻现实主义、科幻小说和后启示录小说的总类别。故事发生在新西兰的奥特罗阿,主要讲述了一种由非法传入新西兰的兔子杯状病毒引起的迅速蔓延的致命疾病中少数幸存者的生活。杯状病毒已经变异并杀死了几乎所有的人类,他们现在生活在一个由动物和灵魂控制的土地上。这部小说也是跨文化写作的模板,融合了Māori创世故事、基督教和凯尔特神话、科学问题和日常生活的各个方面。贝克是波利尼西亚人(萨摩亚人)、盎格鲁-撒克逊人和凯尔特人的后裔,但他认为自己是一个“太平洋”人,他拥有今天太平洋地区典型的多样性归属感。贝克处理了身体和文化上的集体创伤,以及在一个由欧洲和Māori混合血统的人组成的双文化国家中重新定义精神的过程。因此,对流行病经验的重新阐述既基于西方的理性表述,也基于土著神话的表述。
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引用次数: 0
El poder del lenguaje en la comunicación política en tiempos de COVID: análisis contrastivo multilingüe de los discursos de Pedro Sánchez, Boris Johnson, Giuseppe Conte y António Costa en los inicios de la pandemia 新冠时代语言在政治传播中的力量:佩德罗·桑切斯、鲍里斯·约翰逊、朱塞佩·孔戴和安东尼奥·科斯塔在疫情开始时的多语种对比分析
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/19111
Alicia Mariscal Ríos
En este trabajo, enmarcado en el ámbito de la lingüística aplicada y del análisis crítico del discurso, llevaremos a cabo un análisis contrastivo multilingüe a partir de los discursos emitidos en el primer trimestre del año 2020 por los líderes políticos de España, Reino Unido, Italia y Portugal, en los que anunciaban duras medidas para afrontar la crisis sanitaria originada por la COVID-19. Partimos de la hipótesis de que en sus discursos se emplearán recursos lingüísticos para persuadir a la audiencia, puesto que en los inicios de la pandemia los partidos políticos unieron sus fuerzas para convencer a la ciudadanía de la necesidad de trabajar juntos para afrontar la crisis. El objetivo principal de la investigación es recurrir a muestras de lenguaje real para tratar de detectar similitudes y diferencias, así como formas de persuasión y/o manipulación mediática en los textos analizados, y comprobar si en ellos se aprecia la ideología del emisor. Para ello, el análisis cualitativo de los cuatro discursos será complementado con los datos obtenidos mediante el programa Sketch Engine, para detectar las palabras de uso más frecuente y las colocaciones en cada corpus. Los resultados muestran que, aunque con pequeños aspectos diferenciales en lo que respecta a la apelación al miedo, en general todos recurren a técnicas de persuasión similares, con mensajes que apelan al patriotismo, la unidad en la lucha contra el virus y la responsabilidad social.
在这个领域的工作,陷害应用lingüística和演讲的批判性分析的,我们要把contrastivo分析multilingüe第一季度发行的讲话起政治领导人,到2020年,西班牙,英国,意大利和葡萄牙,以恶劣的卫生危机应对措施COVID-19。我们假设,在他们的演讲中,语言资源将被用来说服观众,因为在疫情开始时,各政党联合起来说服公众,有必要共同努力应对危机。本研究的主要目的是利用真实语言的样本,试图发现分析文本中的相似和不同之处,以及说服和/或媒体操纵的形式,并检查它们是否欣赏传播者的意识形态。本研究的目的是通过对四个语料库中使用最频繁的单词和位置的分析,对四个语料库中使用最频繁的单词和位置进行定性分析。结果表明,尽管在诉诸恐惧方面略有不同,但总体而言,所有人都诉诸相似的说服技巧,信息呼吁爱国主义、团结抗击病毒和社会责任。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives on the Pandemic: Contemporary Personal Essays as a Space of Resistance 对流行病的看法:当代个人散文作为一个抵抗的空间
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.54103/2035-7680/18772
Lellida Marinelli
It may be argued that writing about contemporaneity risks being a mere description of what Braudel would term ‘episodic time’—the short-term perspective of newspapers and chronicles. However, when political and social events spread into literature, there is a nuanced language of presence (Barthes). By not being bound to a specific mode of narration, the essay’s brevity and incisiveness seems particularly suitable to decipher the contemporary. This paper presents a comparative reading of personal essays published between April and July 2020 by Olive Senior, Deborah Levy, and Zadie Smith, and it argues that there are two main ways of resisting: the choice of writing in itself, and the choice of topics and issues. The immediate response of writers in the form of essays published in book form, in online magazines, or special sections of the websites of publishing houses is a clear example of how literature—and indeed the literary mind—can be a space for thinking about the present and putting things into perspective. By overcoming the possible limitations represented by the thematization of the pandemic, the writers open towards what may appear as a different, but still very close, temporality: that of physical and discourse-based violence on female bodies, on black bodies, and on the Earth. This paper will then come to the conclusion that writing is an act of resistance and that literature has the power to narrate the real “interpret[ing] the world […] one word at a time” (Senior, “Cross Words”).
可以说,关于当代性的写作可能只是对布劳德尔所说的“情节时间”的描述,即报纸和编年史的短期视角。然而,当政治和社会事件传播到文学中时,就会有一种微妙的存在语言(巴特)。由于不受特定叙事模式的束缚,这篇文章的简洁和犀利似乎特别适合解读当代。本文对Olive Senior、Deborah Levy和Zadie Smith在2020年4月至7月期间发表的个人文章进行了比较阅读,并认为有两种主要的抵制方式:写作本身的选择,以及主题和议题的选择。作家们以书籍、在线杂志或出版社网站专区发表的文章的形式立即做出回应,这是一个明确的例子,说明文学——实际上是文学头脑——可以成为思考当下和看待事物的空间。通过克服疫情主题化所代表的可能局限性,作者们对一种可能看起来不同但仍然非常接近的暂时性持开放态度:对女性身体、黑人身体和地球的身体和基于话语的暴力。然后,本文将得出这样的结论:写作是一种反抗行为,文学有力量讲述真实的“一次一个词地解读世界”(Senior,“Cross Words”)。
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引用次数: 0
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Altre Modernita-Rivista di Studi Letterari e Culturali
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