From 1914 to 1957, athlete, author, and artist Harry Paschall entertained physical culturists with his striking images, wisdom, and wit. As a columnist and editor for Strength & Health, he gained notoriety for his pungent writing style and controversial views, enhanced by cartoons of Bosco, a superstrong hero who defends Paschall’s views on health, fitness, and weight training. Behind the scenes, however, suspicions always lurked that Paschall’s idealistic portrayals were not reality-based. Some suspected that Paschall harbored anti-Semitic sentiments and his articles were as much political statements as physical culture contributions. This perspective stems largely from Harry’s scathing portrayal of Bosco’s antithesis, Weedy Man, a caricature of training methods espoused by the rival Weider organization which stressed form rather function. By unpacking evidence of Harry Bosco’s life, it is possible to determine how much anti-Semitism, alcoholism, homophobia, and an unhealthy lifestyle played a role in his intemperate actions and death.
{"title":"“Behind the Scenes”: The Secret Life of Harry Bosco","authors":"J. Fair","doi":"10.1123/shr.2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"From 1914 to 1957, athlete, author, and artist Harry Paschall entertained physical culturists with his striking images, wisdom, and wit. As a columnist and editor for Strength & Health, he gained notoriety for his pungent writing style and controversial views, enhanced by cartoons of Bosco, a superstrong hero who defends Paschall’s views on health, fitness, and weight training. Behind the scenes, however, suspicions always lurked that Paschall’s idealistic portrayals were not reality-based. Some suspected that Paschall harbored anti-Semitic sentiments and his articles were as much political statements as physical culture contributions. This perspective stems largely from Harry’s scathing portrayal of Bosco’s antithesis, Weedy Man, a caricature of training methods espoused by the rival Weider organization which stressed form rather function. By unpacking evidence of Harry Bosco’s life, it is possible to determine how much anti-Semitism, alcoholism, homophobia, and an unhealthy lifestyle played a role in his intemperate actions and death.","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64166527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isabel “Lefty” Alvarez: The Improbable Life of a Cuban American Baseball Star","authors":"A. Nuñez","doi":"10.1123/shr.2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64166790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We into a conversation about how history can become a welcoming home to many who have found ourselves erased and eradicated throughout history, from written histories, and from historical disciplines. Our work leverages our respective embodied connections to communities historically targeted for erasure. Here, instead, we share our emergent engagement with ongoing violence that predicates homemaking of any kind on stolen land. We begin where Tuck and Yang ’ s oft-quoted article ends: operating instructions for settlers seeking to unsettle.
{"title":"Dismantling Historical Hardscapes: Unsettling Inclusion as Solidarity","authors":"N. V. Fawaz, D. Peers","doi":"10.1123/shr.2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"We into a conversation about how history can become a welcoming home to many who have found ourselves erased and eradicated throughout history, from written histories, and from historical disciplines. Our work leverages our respective embodied connections to communities historically targeted for erasure. Here, instead, we share our emergent engagement with ongoing violence that predicates homemaking of any kind on stolen land. We begin where Tuck and Yang ’ s oft-quoted article ends: operating instructions for settlers seeking to unsettle.","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64167592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Home” to Some, But Not to Others: It’s Time to “Step Up”1","authors":"Carly Adams","doi":"10.1123/shr.2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64166988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of “muscular Judaism” coined by Max Nordau has been interpreted in different ways. For Nordau, the image of a Jew standing fit was a rebuttal to anti-Semites and the answer to Jews’ unmet aspirations for a national home. In practical terms, “muscular Judaism” translated into excellence in sport. As athletes, the Jews could make their mark and move from the fringes of society into the mainstream. This concept evolved over the years, reflecting changing times, shifts in global thinking and national needs. After the establishment of the state, Israeli society underwent a process of Americanization that was accompanied by a new understanding of muscular Judaism and body image. This article discusses three physical fitness trends that redefined the concept of muscular Judaism: gym training, bodybuilding, and catch wrestling. These were rooted in the American aesthetic ideal, a far cry from the ideology and collective socialist worldview prevalent in Israel.
{"title":"Rafael Halperin’s Contribution to Israel’s Emerging Body Culture","authors":"Udi Carmi","doi":"10.1123/shr.2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of “muscular Judaism” coined by Max Nordau has been interpreted in different ways. For Nordau, the image of a Jew standing fit was a rebuttal to anti-Semites and the answer to Jews’ unmet aspirations for a national home. In practical terms, “muscular Judaism” translated into excellence in sport. As athletes, the Jews could make their mark and move from the fringes of society into the mainstream. This concept evolved over the years, reflecting changing times, shifts in global thinking and national needs. After the establishment of the state, Israeli society underwent a process of Americanization that was accompanied by a new understanding of muscular Judaism and body image. This article discusses three physical fitness trends that redefined the concept of muscular Judaism: gym training, bodybuilding, and catch wrestling. These were rooted in the American aesthetic ideal, a far cry from the ideology and collective socialist worldview prevalent in Israel.","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64166543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierre-Alban Lebecq, Yves Moralès, J. Saint-Martin, Yves Travaillot, N. Bazoge
Swedish gymnastics has been reduced to a directory of progressive analytical movements intended to form the basis of what is known in French physical education as a global gymnastics. This article explains how Philippe Tissié was inspired by Swedish gymnastics in his development of a hybrid vision between the Swedish method of physical education and the French model that was largely derived from the works of Jean Saint-Martin Amoros and Philippe Sarremejane. The paper demonstrates how Tissié’s French gymnastics was not only limited to analytical movements but also included the practice of sports. At the same time, it explains how the creation of this hybrid model meshed scientific findings from life sciences (biology and physiology) with human and social sciences (psychology and sociology). Between 1886 and 1935, Tissié’s appropriation, thus, enabled him to structure his conceptions of physical education and to move from the Swedish to the Franco-Swedish method.
{"title":"Philippe Tissié’s Psychopedagogical Conceptions of Physical Education: Franco-Swedish Hybridity (1886–1935)","authors":"Pierre-Alban Lebecq, Yves Moralès, J. Saint-Martin, Yves Travaillot, N. Bazoge","doi":"10.1123/shr.2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Swedish gymnastics has been reduced to a directory of progressive analytical movements intended to form the basis of what is known in French physical education as a global gymnastics. This article explains how Philippe Tissié was inspired by Swedish gymnastics in his development of a hybrid vision between the Swedish method of physical education and the French model that was largely derived from the works of Jean Saint-Martin Amoros and Philippe Sarremejane. The paper demonstrates how Tissié’s French gymnastics was not only limited to analytical movements but also included the practice of sports. At the same time, it explains how the creation of this hybrid model meshed scientific findings from life sciences (biology and physiology) with human and social sciences (psychology and sociology). Between 1886 and 1935, Tissié’s appropriation, thus, enabled him to structure his conceptions of physical education and to move from the Swedish to the Franco-Swedish method.","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64166611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a daunting privilege to be invited to contribute to this vital conversation. I am writing this on the stolen Lands of the Marin-balluk clan of the Wurundjeri people of the Kulin nation. Like all the Lands that make up what is now a nation named Australia, they have never been ceded. The serious play of sport is all around me. People walk, run, and cycle on the Kororoit creek near my home, adults and kids play rugby union at the Arthur Beachley reserve across the street, and many of the television screens on show through my neighborhood broadcast the men’s Australian Football League competition and the 2022 Commonwealth Games, which are taking place in Birmingham, England. Across the Pacific Ocean, the men’s Major League Baseball competition continues as summer turns to fall in North America, and overnight the English “Lionesses” defeated Germany at a sold out Wembley stadium in London. After the victory, the English coach, Sarina Wiegman, proclaimed that “the world will change” for her players now that they havewon the 2022 Euro. Although just how much their worlds will change is unclear, the statement rings true. Such is the power of sport. The outcome of one game can transform lives. The recent compelling editorial by Carly Adams—“‘Home’ to Some, But Not to Others”—interrogates the academic structures that continue to enact systemic violence on those who are not privileged byWhiteness with its unequal hierarchies of gender, sexuality, class, and physical bodies among other things. What I want to draw attention to here is the particularities of “modern” sport and how we tell sporting history, which I think lend a distinctive urgency to redressing these systems of discrimination, exclusion, and other forms of violence. Sport is arguably the most powerful of all the forms of popular culture in places like Australia and Canada. The extraordinary meaning that it holds for so many people is both absurd and deep. Sports are a site of dreams, desires, passions, spectacular athleticism, multibillion dollar industries, and above all, of compelling stories that unfold as we watch and play. It is these sporting stories—as lived by athletes, fans, and many others—that shape, and at times transform, lives. Yet, if we focus narrowly on these stories as sports historians, on who won and lost, of how sporting competitions were developed, and of who played in them, then we risk compounding the devastating role that sports frequently play in the world. Modern sports are the product of a world driven by ideologies of White supremacy and processes of genocidal colonization. As part of this modern world,
被邀请参与这场至关重要的对话是一种令人畏惧的荣幸。我写这篇文章是在库林民族的伍隆杰里人的马林-巴鲁克部族的被盗土地上。就像构成现在澳大利亚这个国家的所有土地一样，它们从未被割让。我周围到处都是严肃的体育比赛。人们在我家附近的Kororoit小溪上散步、跑步和骑车，大人和孩子们在街对面的Arthur Beachley保护区玩橄榄球联盟，我家附近的许多电视屏幕都在播放澳大利亚男子足球联赛和2022年英联邦运动会的比赛，这将在英国伯明翰举行。在太平洋彼岸的北美，美国职业棒球大联盟(Major League Baseball)男子职业棒球比赛仍在继续，夏季即将落秋。一夜之间，英国“雌狮队”(Lionesses)在座无人席的伦敦温布利体育场(Wembley stadium)击败了德国队。胜利之后，英格兰教练萨琳娜·维格曼(Sarina Wiegman)宣称，既然他们赢得了2022年欧洲杯，对她的球员来说，“世界将会改变”。虽然他们的世界会发生多大的变化还不清楚，但这句话听起来是真的。这就是体育的力量。一场比赛的结果可以改变人生。卡莉·亚当斯(Carly Adams)最近发表的一篇引人注目的社论——“有些人的‘家’，但不是其他人的家”——质疑了继续对那些没有白人特权的人实施系统性暴力的学术结构，包括性别、性、阶级和身体等方面的不平等等级。在这里，我想提请大家注意的是“现代”体育的特殊性，以及我们如何讲述体育史，我认为这给纠正这些歧视、排斥和其他形式的暴力制度带来了独特的紧迫性。在澳大利亚和加拿大等地，体育可以说是所有流行文化形式中最强大的。对许多人来说，它所具有的非凡意义既荒谬又深刻。体育是梦想、欲望、激情、惊人的运动能力、数十亿美元的产业，最重要的是，在我们观看和比赛的过程中，我们会看到引人入胜的故事。正是这些体育故事——正如运动员、球迷和其他许多人所经历的那样——塑造了人们的生活，有时甚至改变了人们的生活。然而，如果我们以体育历史学家的身份狭隘地关注这些故事，关注谁赢了谁输了，关注体育比赛是如何发展起来的，关注谁参与了这些比赛，那么我们就有可能加剧体育在世界上经常发挥的破坏性作用。现代体育是一个由白人至上意识形态和种族灭绝殖民进程驱动的世界的产物。作为现代社会的一部分，
{"title":"Unsettling Sporting Stories","authors":"Matthew Klugman","doi":"10.1123/shr.2022-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2022-0028","url":null,"abstract":"It is a daunting privilege to be invited to contribute to this vital conversation. I am writing this on the stolen Lands of the Marin-balluk clan of the Wurundjeri people of the Kulin nation. Like all the Lands that make up what is now a nation named Australia, they have never been ceded. The serious play of sport is all around me. People walk, run, and cycle on the Kororoit creek near my home, adults and kids play rugby union at the Arthur Beachley reserve across the street, and many of the television screens on show through my neighborhood broadcast the men’s Australian Football League competition and the 2022 Commonwealth Games, which are taking place in Birmingham, England. Across the Pacific Ocean, the men’s Major League Baseball competition continues as summer turns to fall in North America, and overnight the English “Lionesses” defeated Germany at a sold out Wembley stadium in London. After the victory, the English coach, Sarina Wiegman, proclaimed that “the world will change” for her players now that they havewon the 2022 Euro. Although just how much their worlds will change is unclear, the statement rings true. Such is the power of sport. The outcome of one game can transform lives. The recent compelling editorial by Carly Adams—“‘Home’ to Some, But Not to Others”—interrogates the academic structures that continue to enact systemic violence on those who are not privileged byWhiteness with its unequal hierarchies of gender, sexuality, class, and physical bodies among other things. What I want to draw attention to here is the particularities of “modern” sport and how we tell sporting history, which I think lend a distinctive urgency to redressing these systems of discrimination, exclusion, and other forms of violence. Sport is arguably the most powerful of all the forms of popular culture in places like Australia and Canada. The extraordinary meaning that it holds for so many people is both absurd and deep. Sports are a site of dreams, desires, passions, spectacular athleticism, multibillion dollar industries, and above all, of compelling stories that unfold as we watch and play. It is these sporting stories—as lived by athletes, fans, and many others—that shape, and at times transform, lives. Yet, if we focus narrowly on these stories as sports historians, on who won and lost, of how sporting competitions were developed, and of who played in them, then we risk compounding the devastating role that sports frequently play in the world. Modern sports are the product of a world driven by ideologies of White supremacy and processes of genocidal colonization. As part of this modern world,","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64168255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Field, Its Future in the Journal, and the Self-Reflection We All Need to Do at Least Once","authors":"Ornella Nzindukiyimana","doi":"10.1123/shr.2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"535 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64168025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Californian ‘Start-’Em-Young’ System”: The Golden State and US Swimming, 1954–1964","authors":"Matthew R. Hodler, Maureen Smith","doi":"10.1123/shr.2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64166421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passing the Baton: Black Women Track Stars and American Identity","authors":"Emalee Nelson","doi":"10.1123/shr.2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42546,"journal":{"name":"Sport History Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64167860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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