OBJECTIVE: To compare the flexural strength of maxillary denture bases made in high impact and conventional heat cure acrylic resin. METHODS: This experimental laboratory-based study was conducted in Peshawar Dental College, Materials Research and Centralized Resource Laboratories University of Peshawar, Pakistan. Total 120 edentulous maxillary casts, sixty each of conventional acrylic (30 in subgroup-IA for shallow palate and 30 in subgroup-IB for deep palate and high impact acrylic (30 in subgroup II-A for shallow palate and 30 in subgroup II-B for deep palate) were made. These were then tested for flexural strength using universal testing machine. The load was applied at the rate of 5.0 mm/min. Independent samples t-test was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Mean values of deflection at fracture, fracture load and flexure strength were 0.309±0.059 cm, 87.729±22.497 Kg and 13.645± 4.453 kg/cm² respectively. Mean Flexure Strength (kg/cm2) was 8.30±1.27, 16.54±1.77, 10.88±1.01 and 18.85±1 in subgroups I-A, I-B, II-A and II-B respectively (<0.001). Mean deflection at fracture (cm) was 0.24±0.04, 0.29±0.03, 0.35±0.03 & 0.368±0.03 in subgroups I-A, I-B, II-A and II-B respectively (<0.001).Mean Fracture Load (Kg) was 69.97±3.12, 114.9±6.75, 63.28±7.05 & 102.8±5.5 in in subgroups I-A, I-B, II-A and II-B respectively (<0.001).CONCLUSION: High impact acrylic resin was found to have significantly higher flexure strength as compared to conventional acrylic resin
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF MAXILLARY DENTURE BASES MADE IN CONVENTIONAL AND HIGH IMPACT HEAT CURE ACRYLIC RESIN","authors":"Sadia Akram, .. Fahimullah, Nuzhat Ayub, A. Hanif, Zudia Riaz, Beenish Haider","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.21430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.21430","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To compare the flexural strength of maxillary denture bases made in high impact and conventional heat cure acrylic resin. METHODS: This experimental laboratory-based study was conducted in Peshawar Dental College, Materials Research and Centralized Resource Laboratories University of Peshawar, Pakistan. Total 120 edentulous maxillary casts, sixty each of conventional acrylic (30 in subgroup-IA for shallow palate and 30 in subgroup-IB for deep palate and high impact acrylic (30 in subgroup II-A for shallow palate and 30 in subgroup II-B for deep palate) were made. These were then tested for flexural strength using universal testing machine. The load was applied at the rate of 5.0 mm/min. Independent samples t-test was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Mean values of deflection at fracture, fracture load and flexure strength were 0.309±0.059 cm, 87.729±22.497 Kg and 13.645± 4.453 kg/cm² respectively. Mean Flexure Strength (kg/cm2) was 8.30±1.27, 16.54±1.77, 10.88±1.01 and 18.85±1 in subgroups I-A, I-B, II-A and II-B respectively (<0.001). Mean deflection at fracture (cm) was 0.24±0.04, 0.29±0.03, 0.35±0.03 & 0.368±0.03 in subgroups I-A, I-B, II-A and II-B respectively (<0.001).Mean Fracture Load (Kg) was 69.97±3.12, 114.9±6.75, 63.28±7.05 & 102.8±5.5 in in subgroups I-A, I-B, II-A and II-B respectively (<0.001).CONCLUSION: High impact acrylic resin was found to have significantly higher flexure strength as compared to conventional acrylic resin","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46485127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22016
Kenan Erdağı, M. Altunok, Osman Tüfekçi, Raif Özel, Bülent Işık, Sönmez Bayram Ünüvar
OBJECTIVE: To find out the quadriceps femoris angle (Q-angle) values of elite and non-elite athletes in Olympic style weightlifting. METHODS: This study included 22 male elite athletes that won medals in international Olympic style weightlifting championships and 22 male non-elite athletes who won medals in national Olympic style weightlifting championships. A goniometer was used to determine the angle of the quadriceps femoris muscle while the athletes were in supine position and the muscle was inactivated. Anthropometric measurements of right-left thigh and lower leg length, right-left thigh and calf girth, and pelvic width of athletes were obtained. One repetition maximum of snatch, clean and jerk and leg strength of the athletes was recorded. To study demographic characteristics and some anthropometric values of lower extremity of the athletes, t-Test was conducted for independent groups. To compare anthropometric measurements of right-left lower extremity and right-left Q-angle values, paired sample t-Test was used. Right-left Q-angle values and relations among other variables were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. SPSS was used for all analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 19.73±2.97 years and 18.73±1.55 years for of elite and non-elite athletes respectively. No significant difference was observed in demographic characteristics and in some anthropometric values of lower extremity of elite and non-elite athletes (p>0.05). However, right-left Q-angle values of non-elite athletes (10.14±1.55o and 10.14±1.52o, respectively) were higher than the right-left Q-angle values of elite athletes (8.32±1.39o and 8.32±1.32o, respectively) [p<0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Olympic style weightlifting, which is maintained in elite level, affects the quadriceps femoris angle.
{"title":"QUADRICEPS FEMORIS ANGLE OF ELITE AND NON-ELITE ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC STYLE WEIGHTLIFTING","authors":"Kenan Erdağı, M. Altunok, Osman Tüfekçi, Raif Özel, Bülent Işık, Sönmez Bayram Ünüvar","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22016","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To find out the quadriceps femoris angle (Q-angle) values of elite and non-elite athletes in Olympic style weightlifting. \u0000METHODS: This study included 22 male elite athletes that won medals in international Olympic style weightlifting championships and 22 male non-elite athletes who won medals in national Olympic style weightlifting championships. A goniometer was used to determine the angle of the quadriceps femoris muscle while the athletes were in supine position and the muscle was inactivated. Anthropometric measurements of right-left thigh and lower leg length, right-left thigh and calf girth, and pelvic width of athletes were obtained. One repetition maximum of snatch, clean and jerk and leg strength of the athletes was recorded. To study demographic characteristics and some anthropometric values of lower extremity of the athletes, t-Test was conducted for independent groups. To compare anthropometric measurements of right-left lower extremity and right-left Q-angle values, paired sample t-Test was used. Right-left Q-angle values and relations among other variables were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. SPSS was used for all analyses. \u0000RESULTS: Mean age was 19.73±2.97 years and 18.73±1.55 years for of elite and non-elite athletes respectively. No significant difference was observed in demographic characteristics and in some anthropometric values of lower extremity of elite and non-elite athletes (p>0.05). However, right-left Q-angle values of non-elite athletes (10.14±1.55o and 10.14±1.52o, respectively) were higher than the right-left Q-angle values of elite athletes (8.32±1.39o and 8.32±1.32o, respectively) [p<0.003]. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Olympic style weightlifting, which is maintained in elite level, affects the quadriceps femoris angle.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46485029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.21763
Z. Haroon, Q. Bashir, Azka Haroon, U. Khalid
OBJECTIVE: To determine cut-off values for prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) in diagnosing prostate carcinoma in symptomatic patients. METHODS: This cross sectional, observational study conducted at Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2020 to May 2021. Symptomatic patients (309) having prostatic enlargement on ultrasound were selected through consecutive sampling. All the patients underwent prostate biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. Prostate specific antigen density was calculated and compared between different age groups and different diseases. ROC curve was constructed and area under the curve was calculated to find out cut-off values value for PSAD. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated at the cut-off values. RESULTS: Among 309 patients of median age was 68 years (IQR 43 – 75). There was a significant difference of PSAD in different age groups (p<0.001) and diseases like prostate carcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia and other prostatic disorders. PSAD had AUC of 0.878 at cut-off value of 0.135 ng/ml where sensitivity was 100%. A higher cut-off 0.20 ng/ml was suggested in younger age group as compared to the old age group where cut-off was found 0.135. CONCLUSION: Using PSAD as part of evaluation profile for prostate lesion, number of unnecessary biopsies can be significantly decreased. PSAD cut-off to aid in decision of invasive prostate biopsy is suggested to be 0.135 ng/ml with close biochemical follow up afterwards.
{"title":"CUT-OFF VALUES OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN DENSITY– AN EFFECTIVE SCREENING MARKER BEFORE PROSTATE BIOPSY","authors":"Z. Haroon, Q. Bashir, Azka Haroon, U. Khalid","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.21763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.21763","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine cut-off values for prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) in diagnosing prostate carcinoma in symptomatic patients. \u0000METHODS: This cross sectional, observational study conducted at Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2020 to May 2021. Symptomatic patients (309) having prostatic enlargement on ultrasound were selected through consecutive sampling. All the patients underwent prostate biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. Prostate specific antigen density was calculated and compared between different age groups and different diseases. ROC curve was constructed and area under the curve was calculated to find out cut-off values value for PSAD. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated at the cut-off values. \u0000RESULTS: Among 309 patients of median age was 68 years (IQR 43 – 75). There was a significant difference of PSAD in different age groups (p<0.001) and diseases like prostate carcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia and other prostatic disorders. PSAD had AUC of 0.878 at cut-off value of 0.135 ng/ml where sensitivity was 100%. A higher cut-off 0.20 ng/ml was suggested in younger age group as compared to the old age group where cut-off was found 0.135. \u0000CONCLUSION: Using PSAD as part of evaluation profile for prostate lesion, number of unnecessary biopsies can be significantly decreased. PSAD cut-off to aid in decision of invasive prostate biopsy is suggested to be 0.135 ng/ml with close biochemical follow up afterwards.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47683070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22039
M. Butt, A. Arman, Tahir Ansari
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of 25-hydroxy vitamin-D deficiency in Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2019. One hundred and sixty five diagnosed cases of MS of either gender, aging 20-55 years, not taking vitamin-D supplements, steroids and could go outside in the sun were selected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients having history of rickets, parathyroid disease, chronic liver or renal diseases were excluded. Blood sample was taken to measure 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3 levels. A level of <20 ng/ml was considered as vitamin-D deficient. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants. RESULTS: Out of 165 MS patients, 106 (64.24%) were females, 66 (40%) had income between PKR 10000-25000, 51 (30.9%) were illiterate and 12 (7.3%) had graduate level education. Majority (n=101; 61.21%) had relapsing-remitting MS. Mean age of enrolled participants was 32.92±8.19 years and mean duration of MS was 2.17±0.84 years. Ninety-nine (60%) patients had history of adequate sun exposure. Vitamin-D deficiency in MS patients was 55 (33.3%). Female patients with MS had 2.9 times more likely to be vitamin-D deficient compared to male patients (95% CI: 1.3-6.5). Vitamin-D deficiency In MS patients having no or primary level education patients was recorded in 38 (69.1%) patients as compared to 17 (31.9%) case having secondary or higher education (p-value=0.046). CONCLUSION: Vitamin-D deficiency is common in MS patients. Female and less educated MS patients are at a higher risk of being vitamin-D deficient.
{"title":"FREQUENCY OF 25-HYDROXY VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS","authors":"M. Butt, A. Arman, Tahir Ansari","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22039","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of 25-hydroxy vitamin-D deficiency in Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). \u0000METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2019. One hundred and sixty five diagnosed cases of MS of either gender, aging 20-55 years, not taking vitamin-D supplements, steroids and could go outside in the sun were selected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients having history of rickets, parathyroid disease, chronic liver or renal diseases were excluded. Blood sample was taken to measure 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3 levels. A level of <20 ng/ml was considered as vitamin-D deficient. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants. \u0000RESULTS: Out of 165 MS patients, 106 (64.24%) were females, 66 (40%) had income between PKR 10000-25000, 51 (30.9%) were illiterate and 12 (7.3%) had graduate level education. Majority (n=101; 61.21%) had relapsing-remitting MS. Mean age of enrolled participants was 32.92±8.19 years and mean duration of MS was 2.17±0.84 years. Ninety-nine (60%) patients had history of adequate sun exposure. Vitamin-D deficiency in MS patients was 55 (33.3%). Female patients with MS had 2.9 times more likely to be vitamin-D deficient compared to male patients (95% CI: 1.3-6.5). Vitamin-D deficiency In MS patients having no or primary level education patients was recorded in 38 (69.1%) patients as compared to 17 (31.9%) case having secondary or higher education (p-value=0.046). \u0000CONCLUSION: Vitamin-D deficiency is common in MS patients. Female and less educated MS patients are at a higher risk of being vitamin-D deficient.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49078838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22516
Maria Khan
Historically, the stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality have been reported to be higher in men compared to women. But this gap seems to be narrowing over time. Recent data from high income countries suggests that the incidence of stroke varies with age, and older women beyond 75 years of age, may have a higher stroke incidence compared to men.1 Additionally, women below 40 years in some South East Asian countries showed an increase in ischemic stroke incidence over time.2 Moreover, Middle East and North Africa have reported higher stroke mortality amongst females compared to males. Keeping in view this changing epidemiology, it is imperative to have a better understanding of stroke in women. When evaluating conventional risk factors for stroke, there are certain sex differences that need special mention. Hypertension has an overall lower prevalence in women compared to men, however, its prevalence as well as its association with ischemic stroke increases in older women. Diabetes is a stronger risk factor for stroke in women compared to men, and atrial fibrillation and migraine are both more prevalent and more strongly associated with ischemic stroke in women.3 Women are in addition exposed to sex-specific risk factors which do not receive much attention. Pregnant and post-partum women have been found to be at three times higher risk of stroke compared to other young adults and this is related to a number of changes associated with these states.4 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy not only raise the risk during pregnancy but a recent study on the Framingham cohort concluded that a history of pre-eclampsia confers a three-fold higher risk of experiencing a stroke in later life.5 Besides pregnancy, other hormonal changes also increase a woman’s stroke risk. An early menopause and a shorter reproductive lifespan have both been identified as increasing stroke risk in women.6,7 Similarly exogenous oestrogen, be it in the form of oral contraceptive pills or hormone replacement therapy, has also been shown to increase stroke risk in several studies.8,9 Stroke presentations are also more variable in women. Whereas men tend to present with the classic focal neurological deficits, women tend to present with more non-traditional symptoms like fatigue, light headedness, altered mental status etc.10 They also tend to present more often with stroke mimics. These and other reasons explain why women have longer delays in getting proper stroke care and several studies have reported worse outcomes for women.11,12 Very limited data is available on stroke in women from low and middle income countries. It is reasonable to believe that the social determinants of health would further compound the risk and outcomes for women in these areas. Lack of proper nutrition, poor pregnancy management and outcomes, multiparity and poor access to healthcare both for acute and secondary stroke prevention are important factors that are expected to affect stroke in women. F
{"title":"STROKE IN WOMEN: TIME TO ACKNOWLEDGE SEX DIFFERENCES","authors":"Maria Khan","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22516","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality have been reported to be higher in men compared to women. But this gap seems to be narrowing over time. Recent data from high income countries suggests that the incidence of stroke varies with age, and older women beyond 75 years of age, may have a higher stroke incidence compared to men.1 Additionally, women below 40 years in some South East Asian countries showed an increase in ischemic stroke incidence over time.2 Moreover, Middle East and North Africa have reported higher stroke mortality amongst females compared to males. Keeping in view this changing epidemiology, it is imperative to have a better understanding of stroke in women. \u0000When evaluating conventional risk factors for stroke, there are certain sex differences that need special mention. Hypertension has an overall lower prevalence in women compared to men, however, its prevalence as well as its association with ischemic stroke increases in older women. Diabetes is a stronger risk factor for stroke in women compared to men, and atrial fibrillation and migraine are both more prevalent and more strongly associated with ischemic stroke in women.3 \u0000Women are in addition exposed to sex-specific risk factors which do not receive much attention. Pregnant and post-partum women have been found to be at three times higher risk of stroke compared to other young adults and this is related to a number of changes associated with these states.4 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy not only raise the risk during pregnancy but a recent study on the Framingham cohort concluded that a history of pre-eclampsia confers a three-fold higher risk of experiencing a stroke in later life.5 \u0000Besides pregnancy, other hormonal changes also increase a woman’s stroke risk. An early menopause and a shorter reproductive lifespan have both been identified as increasing stroke risk in women.6,7 Similarly exogenous oestrogen, be it in the form of oral contraceptive pills or hormone replacement therapy, has also been shown to increase stroke risk in several studies.8,9 \u0000Stroke presentations are also more variable in women. Whereas men tend to present with the classic focal neurological deficits, women tend to present with more non-traditional symptoms like fatigue, light headedness, altered mental status etc.10 They also tend to present more often with stroke mimics. These and other reasons explain why women have longer delays in getting proper stroke care and several studies have reported worse outcomes for women.11,12 \u0000Very limited data is available on stroke in women from low and middle income countries. It is reasonable to believe that the social determinants of health would further compound the risk and outcomes for women in these areas. Lack of proper nutrition, poor pregnancy management and outcomes, multiparity and poor access to healthcare both for acute and secondary stroke prevention are important factors that are expected to affect stroke in women. F","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22111
Sonia Umar Afridi, Najma Baseer, Zubair Durrani, Muhammad Ibrahim Afridi, Shahida Jehan
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of impacted mandibular third molar with skeletal facial types and different anatomical and cephalometric landmarks. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rehman College of Dentistry and Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan from October to December 2020. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 800 patients (aged 22-35 years) were retrieved from the records. Third molar impaction was classified by Winter’s classification using IC Measure software. The skeletal facial type was determined by measuring Point A Nasion Point B angle using Viewbox software. An association of third molar impaction with skeletal facial types, cephalometric and anatomical variables was evaluated. RESULTS: The most common mandibular tooth impactions type was Mesioangular impaction (81.3%) and skeletal facial type was skeletal class-I (47.5%). Comparative analysis among different impaction types using One-way ANOVA showed that although these impaction types did not differ significantly in terms of skeletal facies (p=0.07), significant difference in terms of age (p=0.028), Maxillary Mandibular Plane Angle (MMPA) (p=0.007), depth (p=0.000), ramus relation (p=0.000) and inferior dental nerve (ID) canal (p=0.001) were observed. ID canal was found to be positively but weakly correlated (r=0.2) with impaction types. Contrariwise, depth and ramus relation showed moderately negative correlation (r=-0.40 and r=-0.30, respectively) with impacted tooth angulations. CONCLUSION: Although it is difficult to predict the impaction type in patient based on their skeletal facies, associations between other anatomical and cephalometric variables were observed which may help in predicting the degree of difficulty that may be encountered during the surgical procedures.
{"title":"ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANGULATION OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR IMPACTIONS WITH FACIAL SKELETAL TYPES AND CEPHALOMETRIC LANDMARKS","authors":"Sonia Umar Afridi, Najma Baseer, Zubair Durrani, Muhammad Ibrahim Afridi, Shahida Jehan","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22111","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of impacted mandibular third molar with skeletal facial types and different anatomical and cephalometric landmarks. \u0000METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rehman College of Dentistry and Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan from October to December 2020. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 800 patients (aged 22-35 years) were retrieved from the records. Third molar impaction was classified by Winter’s classification using IC Measure software. The skeletal facial type was determined by measuring Point A Nasion Point B angle using Viewbox software. An association of third molar impaction with skeletal facial types, cephalometric and anatomical variables was evaluated. \u0000RESULTS: The most common mandibular tooth impactions type was Mesioangular impaction (81.3%) and skeletal facial type was skeletal class-I (47.5%). Comparative analysis among different impaction types using One-way ANOVA showed that although these impaction types did not differ significantly in terms of skeletal facies (p=0.07), significant difference in terms of age (p=0.028), Maxillary Mandibular Plane Angle (MMPA) (p=0.007), depth (p=0.000), ramus relation (p=0.000) and inferior dental nerve (ID) canal (p=0.001) were observed. ID canal was found to be positively but weakly correlated (r=0.2) with impaction types. Contrariwise, depth and ramus relation showed moderately negative correlation (r=-0.40 and r=-0.30, respectively) with impacted tooth angulations. \u0000CONCLUSION: Although it is difficult to predict the impaction type in patient based on their skeletal facies, associations between other anatomical and cephalometric variables were observed which may help in predicting the degree of difficulty that may be encountered during the surgical procedures.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.21935
M. Ali, H. Cheema, Muhammad Arshad Alvi, Nadia Waheed, Imran, M. N. Anjum
OBJECTIVE: To determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) type 3 in Pakistani children in a hospital setting. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from October 2020 to March 2021. Patients of either sex under 16 years of age presenting with jaundice, pruritus, neonatal cholestasis or with chronic liver and gamma glutamyl transferase >100 IU/ml were included in the study after taking informed consent by parents. For Molecular genetics 2ml blood in EDTA was sent to an international laboratory free of cost on research basis. Reports were assessed and levels were noted and genetic coding was also recorded. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 22. Molecular data was interpreted with the help of clinical geneticist. RESULTS: Out of 34 children, 14 (41.2%) were males and 20 (58.8%) were females. Mean age of children was 6.71±3.10 years. Consanguinity was noted in 32 (94.1%) parents having positive family history in 24 (70.6%) cases. The most common mutation was c. 1783C>T p.(Arg595*), noted in 12 (35.3%) cases, followed by c. 2861G>T p.(Gly954 ASP) [8 (23.5%) cases], c. 153G>A p.(Trp51) [3 (8.8%) cases], c. 1714 C>T p.(Gln572*) c. 1906C>T p. (Gln636), c. 3220G>A p.(Gly1074Arg, c. 3433del p. (val1145Leufsx7) in 2 (5.9%) cases each, c. 3859 C>T p.(1287Argext*) c. 88-91del p.(Lys30gly fsx7) and c. 1429c>T p. (Gln477) in one (2.9%) case each. CONCLUSION: Children with PFIC type 3 have variable phenotypic and genotypic presentation.
{"title":"PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRESSIVE FAMILIAL INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS TYPE 3 IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION IN PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Ali, H. Cheema, Muhammad Arshad Alvi, Nadia Waheed, Imran, M. N. Anjum","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.21935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.21935","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) type 3 in Pakistani children in a hospital setting. \u0000METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from October 2020 to March 2021. Patients of either sex under 16 years of age presenting with jaundice, pruritus, neonatal cholestasis or with chronic liver and gamma glutamyl transferase >100 IU/ml were included in the study after taking informed consent by parents. For Molecular genetics 2ml blood in EDTA was sent to an international laboratory free of cost on research basis. Reports were assessed and levels were noted and genetic coding was also recorded. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 22. Molecular data was interpreted with the help of clinical geneticist. \u0000RESULTS: Out of 34 children, 14 (41.2%) were males and 20 (58.8%) were females. Mean age of children was 6.71±3.10 years. Consanguinity was noted in 32 (94.1%) parents having positive family history in 24 (70.6%) cases. The most common mutation was c. 1783C>T p.(Arg595*), noted in 12 (35.3%) cases, followed by c. 2861G>T p.(Gly954 ASP) [8 (23.5%) cases], c. 153G>A p.(Trp51) [3 (8.8%) cases], c. 1714 C>T p.(Gln572*) c. 1906C>T p. (Gln636), c. 3220G>A p.(Gly1074Arg, c. 3433del p. (val1145Leufsx7) in 2 (5.9%) cases each, c. 3859 C>T p.(1287Argext*) c. 88-91del p.(Lys30gly fsx7) and c. 1429c>T p. (Gln477) in one (2.9%) case each. \u0000CONCLUSION: Children with PFIC type 3 have variable phenotypic and genotypic presentation.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43496757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.21634
Muhammad Sadiq, Y. J. Mahsood, Waqar Ahmad, M. Khan, Farah Akhtar
OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in glaucoma prescriptions during a single visit in real-world situation at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Glaucoma Department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from September 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2016 after the ethical approval. Of total 876 consecutive participants, 868 were included in the study. Complete ocular examination was carried out for each subject including intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldmann, visual field and nerve fiber analysis if it was scheduled. Ocular and systemic co-morbidities as well as ocular surgeries were also noted. Number of topical medications including anti-glaucoma and other drugs were recorded before and after their visit. The changes in anti-glaucoma medications were then categorized as unchanged, changed, added or deleted. The results were analyzed via SPSS version-24. RESULTS: A total 1600 eyes of 868 patients were included in this study. Out of 868 patients, 507 (58.41%) were males and 291 (33.52%) were in 61-70 years age group. Majority of patients (n=680/868: 78.34%) had open-angle glaucoma. Out of 1600 eyes studied, 574 (35.87%) had moderate and 556 (34.75%) had severe stage of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. During single visit, glaucoma-related prescriptions were unchanged, changed, added and deleted in 618/868 (71.20%), 84/868 (9.68%), 95/868 (10.94%) & 71/868 (8.18%) patients respectively. In our study, 911/1600 (56.94%) eyes achieved target IOP ≤14 mmHg. CONCLUSION: In real-world situation, most of our glaucoma patients were stable and required no changes to their prescriptions in single visit.
{"title":"CHANGES IN THE TREATMENT PLANS OF GLAUCOMA PATIENTS IN A REAL-WORLD SITUATION","authors":"Muhammad Sadiq, Y. J. Mahsood, Waqar Ahmad, M. Khan, Farah Akhtar","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.21634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.21634","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in glaucoma prescriptions during a single visit in real-world situation at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. \u0000METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Glaucoma Department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from September 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2016 after the ethical approval. Of total 876 consecutive participants, 868 were included in the study. Complete ocular examination was carried out for each subject including intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldmann, visual field and nerve fiber analysis if it was scheduled. Ocular and systemic co-morbidities as well as ocular surgeries were also noted. Number of topical medications including anti-glaucoma and other drugs were recorded before and after their visit. The changes in anti-glaucoma medications were then categorized as unchanged, changed, added or deleted. The results were analyzed via SPSS version-24. \u0000RESULTS: A total 1600 eyes of 868 patients were included in this study. Out of 868 patients, 507 (58.41%) were males and 291 (33.52%) were in 61-70 years age group. Majority of patients (n=680/868: 78.34%) had open-angle glaucoma. Out of 1600 eyes studied, 574 (35.87%) had moderate and 556 (34.75%) had severe stage of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. During single visit, glaucoma-related prescriptions were unchanged, changed, added and deleted in 618/868 (71.20%), 84/868 (9.68%), 95/868 (10.94%) & 71/868 (8.18%) patients respectively. In our study, 911/1600 (56.94%) eyes achieved target IOP ≤14 mmHg. \u0000CONCLUSION: In real-world situation, most of our glaucoma patients were stable and required no changes to their prescriptions in single visit.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22777
A. Yousafzai
Political and social polarization is the division of people in to distinct groups with contrasting viewpoints and minimum likelihood to converge on a uniform agenda. It has varied connotations in the field of social science. However, the given political climate of polarization and its impact on mental health, it is imperative to focus the issue in a scientific way. Furthermore, in recent years the situation has been made more volatile and complicated by social media amplifications with greater effects on psychosocial well-being of people. There is plenty of literature, suggesting that polarization is widely perceived as a loss or gain of social status, which has a direct link with psychological disorders.1 There is scarcity of research in developing world about the psychosocial effects of polarization. Most of the research looking at the psychological adverse implications of this phenomenon has been carried out in the west. For example, a study conducted by Smith KB, reported that adverse effects of recent American polarization in politics and contrasting political views on psychosocial well-being were not less than a public health concern, leading to damaged friendships, persistent fatigue and even suicidal behavior in significant number of population.2 Similarly, the stress associated with political disagreements has the add-on effect on psychosocial well-being of people holding diverse political views leading to deleterious effect on mental and physical health. The harming effects of political polarization is a known perpetuating stressor, cluttering society and traversing daily life through media, various internet platforms and persisting news feed.3 Additionally, the American Psychological Association identified politics as a major source of stress for American adults.4 The findings of a recently conducted survey showed that nearly 40% Americans reported that they were stressed out because of politics and nearly 20% had lost sleep due to the effects of social upheaval and almost same number were tired of political news.5 In addition to psychological consequences political stress, French JA et al, reported increased blood cortisol, increased skin conductance and decreased testosterone levels in people engaging in emotionally draining political debates.6 It’s equally, important to understand the mechanism through which the polarized politics harm the psychological health, and how it should be managed in order to ward off its deleterious consequences? The mechanism is well understood that people can’t isolate themselves from politics bearing in mind the vast array of information feed on daily basis. Secondly, as part of human society one can’t get away with social network and individual identity. As far the negative effects are concerned, they, permeate through various means, irrespective of people being either actively involved in politics or passive only observer. For, instance, the harassment, bullying, grandstanding attitude on social
{"title":"POLITICAL POLARIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH: WHERE DO WE STAND?","authors":"A. Yousafzai","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22777","url":null,"abstract":"Political and social polarization is the division of people in to distinct groups with contrasting viewpoints and minimum likelihood to converge on a uniform agenda. It has varied connotations in the field of social science. However, the given political climate of polarization and its impact on mental health, it is imperative to focus the issue in a scientific way. Furthermore, in recent years the situation has been made more volatile and complicated by social media amplifications with greater effects on psychosocial well-being of people. There is plenty of literature, suggesting that polarization is widely perceived as a loss or gain of social status, which has a direct link with psychological disorders.1 \u0000There is scarcity of research in developing world about the psychosocial effects of polarization. Most of the research looking at the psychological adverse implications of this phenomenon has been carried out in the west. For example, a study conducted by Smith KB, reported that adverse effects of recent American polarization in politics and contrasting political views on psychosocial well-being were not less than a public health concern, leading to damaged friendships, persistent fatigue and even suicidal behavior in significant number of population.2 \u0000Similarly, the stress associated with political disagreements has the add-on effect on psychosocial well-being of people holding diverse political views leading to deleterious effect on mental and physical health. The harming effects of political polarization is a known perpetuating stressor, cluttering society and traversing daily life through media, various internet platforms and persisting news feed.3 Additionally, the American Psychological Association identified politics as a major source of stress for American adults.4 \u0000The findings of a recently conducted survey showed that nearly 40% Americans reported that they were stressed out because of politics and nearly 20% had lost sleep due to the effects of social upheaval and almost same number were tired of political news.5 In addition to psychological consequences political stress, French JA et al, reported increased blood cortisol, increased skin conductance and decreased testosterone levels in people engaging in emotionally draining political debates.6 \u0000It’s equally, important to understand the mechanism through which the polarized politics harm the psychological health, and how it should be managed in order to ward off its deleterious consequences? The mechanism is well understood that people can’t isolate themselves from politics bearing in mind the vast array of information feed on daily basis. Secondly, as part of human society one can’t get away with social network and individual identity. As far the negative effects are concerned, they, permeate through various means, irrespective of people being either actively involved in politics or passive only observer. For, instance, the harassment, bullying, grandstanding attitude on social","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42808793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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