Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.14315/arg-2019-1100107
Sabine Arend
The evangelical church orders of the sixteenth century express two ideas about the order of the world. One is based on the assumption that, within the framework of the divine order of creation, each person is placed in his or her respective area of life to contribute to the establishment of the Kingdom of God – irrespective of the social hierarchy. While this order is based on biblical principles and appears as an overarching model, the second idea of order is based on the creation of an evangelical community within the early modern social hierarchy. Princes and magistrates as the highest political officeholders in a territory or a city are juxtaposed with housefathers and housemothers as heads of families, the smallest social units. Both regiments – princely and urban authorities as well as heads of households – do not only have to fulfil the same Christian and moral duties, but they are also responsible for the creation and preservation of evangelical society and thus for the unity of the Christian and the political community.
{"title":"Staat und Familie – Formen des lutherischen Amtsverständnisses in evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des 16. Jahrhunderts","authors":"Sabine Arend","doi":"10.14315/arg-2019-1100107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-2019-1100107","url":null,"abstract":"The evangelical church orders of the sixteenth century express two ideas about the order of the world. One is based on the assumption that, within the framework of the divine order of creation, each person is placed in his or her respective area of life to contribute to the establishment of the Kingdom of God – irrespective of the social hierarchy. While this order is based on biblical principles and appears as an overarching model, the second idea of order is based on the creation of an evangelical community within the early modern social hierarchy. Princes and magistrates as the highest political officeholders in a territory or a city are juxtaposed with housefathers and housemothers as heads of families, the smallest social units. Both regiments – princely and urban authorities as well as heads of households – do not only have to fulfil the same Christian and moral duties, but they are also responsible for the creation and preservation of evangelical society and thus for the unity of the Christian and the political community.","PeriodicalId":42621,"journal":{"name":"ARCHIV FUR REFORMATIONSGESCHICHTE-ARCHIVE FOR REFORMATION HISTORY","volume":"110 1","pages":"138 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44927077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.14315/arg-2019-1100102
Wolf-Friedrich Schäufele
The Latin Vulgate was the definitive Bible of Western Christianity for almost a millennium before largely losing this status in the Protestant churches that emerged in the early modern period. Only in the Roman Catholic Church did the Vulgate maintain its dominant position; the Council of Trent declared it the authoritative Bible edition, and, in the late sixteenth century, the so-called Sixto-Clementina provided a carefully revised version of the Latin text that endured into the twentieth century.2 On the one hand, it was humanism which led to the Vulgate’s diminishing importance. The humanists and humanist-educated reformers studied the ancient biblical languages, Hebrew and Greek, and produced new editions of the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. The most famous of these were the Hebrew Rabbinic Bibles printed by Daniel Bomberg in Venice in 1517 and 1524,3 the Novum Instrumentum of Erasmus of Rotterdam, first published in 1516,4 and the Complutensian Polyglot Bible, printed between 1514 and 1517 in Alcalá.5 Learned exegetical study of the Bible was no longer
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Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.14315/arg-2019-1100110
K. Summers
A brief but ominous entry in the minutes of the Genevan Company of Pastors on Saturday, 30 August 1572, heralds a turning point in French history and the life of the Company’s moderator, Theodore Beza.1 “News has come,” it records, “of the treachery and horrible cruelty taking place in France against several nobles and all the faithful, not only at Paris, but also subsequently at Lyon and throughout all France, where there were horrible massacres.”2 The entry alludes to the Saint-Bartholomew’s Day massacre, which commenced on the morning of 24 August at the instigation of Catherine de’ Medici in collusion with her somewhat conflicted son, King Charles IX.3 Initially it involved the assassination of Admiral Gaspard II de Coligny (a Huguenot leader who was urging Charles to declare war on Spain) and some Huguenot nobles, who had come to Paris to attend the wedding of Henri de Navarre and Charles’ sister, Marguerite de Valois. It quickly spread, however, to the murder of some twoto four-thou-
{"title":"Consoling the Huguenot Refugees in Late Sixteenth-Century Geneva","authors":"K. Summers","doi":"10.14315/arg-2019-1100110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-2019-1100110","url":null,"abstract":"A brief but ominous entry in the minutes of the Genevan Company of Pastors on Saturday, 30 August 1572, heralds a turning point in French history and the life of the Company’s moderator, Theodore Beza.1 “News has come,” it records, “of the treachery and horrible cruelty taking place in France against several nobles and all the faithful, not only at Paris, but also subsequently at Lyon and throughout all France, where there were horrible massacres.”2 The entry alludes to the Saint-Bartholomew’s Day massacre, which commenced on the morning of 24 August at the instigation of Catherine de’ Medici in collusion with her somewhat conflicted son, King Charles IX.3 Initially it involved the assassination of Admiral Gaspard II de Coligny (a Huguenot leader who was urging Charles to declare war on Spain) and some Huguenot nobles, who had come to Paris to attend the wedding of Henri de Navarre and Charles’ sister, Marguerite de Valois. It quickly spread, however, to the murder of some twoto four-thou-","PeriodicalId":42621,"journal":{"name":"ARCHIV FUR REFORMATIONSGESCHICHTE-ARCHIVE FOR REFORMATION HISTORY","volume":"110 1","pages":"237 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46798943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.14315/arg-2019-1100109
O. Ulbricht
This article uses Heinrich Bullinger’s Diarium and other texts by the reformer to analyze Bullinger’s perception of the beginning phase of the Little Ice Age (1570–1630) starting in the 1550s. A close reading of Bullinger’s texts is employed to develop a cultural interpretation of the great crisis of 1570/71 that was caused by climate change. During that crisis, Bullinger and his colleague Gwalther moved beyond seeing the connection between moral corruption, increased begging, and alcoholism as the cause of God’s climate scourge to making concrete proposals for poor relief. Understanding climate change as a portent, Bullinger, like many Protestants, concluded that the Day of the Last Judgment was near.
{"title":"Heinrich Bullinger, sein Diarium und der Beginn der Kleinen Eiszeit-Phase von 1570 bis 1630","authors":"O. Ulbricht","doi":"10.14315/arg-2019-1100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-2019-1100109","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses Heinrich Bullinger’s Diarium and other texts by the reformer to analyze Bullinger’s perception of the beginning phase of the Little Ice Age (1570–1630) starting in the 1550s. A close reading of Bullinger’s texts is employed to develop a cultural interpretation of the great crisis of 1570/71 that was caused by climate change. During that crisis, Bullinger and his colleague Gwalther moved beyond seeing the connection between moral corruption, increased begging, and alcoholism as the cause of God’s climate scourge to making concrete proposals for poor relief. Understanding climate change as a portent, Bullinger, like many Protestants, concluded that the Day of the Last Judgment was near.","PeriodicalId":42621,"journal":{"name":"ARCHIV FUR REFORMATIONSGESCHICHTE-ARCHIVE FOR REFORMATION HISTORY","volume":"110 1","pages":"200 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44859905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.14315/arg-2019-1100113
S. Richter
This essay deals with the visualization of “Reformation” and in particular with its personifications. It is noticeable that there are only very few personifications of “Reformation” that were female and associated with the idea of “correctio” from agriculture or viticulture as well as references to Lucan’s De bello civili during the early modern period. In this essay, these attributes are identified in an eighteenth-century personification of “Reformation” by Jeremias Wachsmuth which is compared to the sixteenth-century image “Riforma” by Cesare Ripa. 20. Zum Gebrauch des Begriffs der Reformation im deutschen Verwaltungskontext des 18. Jahrhunderts vgl. beispielhaft Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, „Über das physiokratische System“, in: Deutsches Museum (10) 1778, 289–324, hier 323: „[...] eine plötzliche Reformazion [sic!] einer Verfassung, die so viele Jahrhunderte gestanden und im Innersten der Denkart, Sitten, Gesetze, Religion so fest verwurzelt ist, allemal unendlich mehr böse Folgen nach sich zieht, als man übersehen kann, und selten die guten als man erwartet.“ Die Schrift erschien noch einmal 1782 in Wien. Christian Wilhelm Dohm: Über das physiokratische Sistem [sic!], Wien 1782. Zur Entstehung der Schrift vgl. Mordché Wolf Rapaport, Chr. W. Dohm: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Nationalökonomie, Paderborn 2013, Nachdruck der Ausg. v. 1907, 20f. Ein Beispiel für den englischen Gebrauch findet sich bereits im Titel von Edmund Burkes „Speech on Economical Reformation“ vom 11. Februar 1780, in: Paul Langford, Hg., The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, Bd. III: Party, Parliament, and the American War, 1774–1780, Oxford 1996.
本文论述了“宗教改革”的形象化，特别是它的人格化。值得注意的是，只有极少数“宗教改革”的化身是女性的，与农业或葡萄栽培中的“纠正”思想以及现代早期鲁坎的德贝洛文明有关。在这篇文章中，Jeremias Wachsmuth在八世纪对“宗教改革”的拟人化中确定了这些属性，并将其与Cesare Ripa在十六世纪的图像“Riforma”进行了比较。关于“宗教改革”一词在18世纪德国行政背景下的使用。===参考文献===外部链接===*官方网站典型的克里斯蒂安·威廉·冯·多姆，“关于自然制度”，载于：德意志博物馆（10）1778，289–324，此处323：“[…]对一部宪法的突然改革[原文如此！]，这部宪法已经存在了这么多个世纪，深深植根于最深处的思维方式、习俗、法律和宗教，其邪恶的后果总是比人们所能忽视的要多得多，很少有好的后果比人们所期望的要多。克里斯蒂安·威廉·多姆：《论物理系统》，1782年，维也纳。关于圣经的起源。莫尔奇·沃尔夫·拉帕波特。W.Dohm：《对国民经济史的贡献》，Paderborn 2013，澳大利亚再版。v.1907，20f。埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke）的《关于经济改革的演讲》（Speech on Economic Reformation）的标题中已经有一个英语用法的例子。1780年2月，保罗·兰福德主编。，埃德蒙·伯克的著作和演讲，第三卷：政党、议会和美国战争，1774-1780年，牛津，1996年。
{"title":"Reformation mit dem Gartenmesser – Eine Studie zur Reformation als Personifikation im 18. Jahrhundert","authors":"S. Richter","doi":"10.14315/arg-2019-1100113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-2019-1100113","url":null,"abstract":"This essay deals with the visualization of “Reformation” and in particular with its personifications. It is noticeable that there are only very few personifications of “Reformation” that were female and associated with the idea of “correctio” from agriculture or viticulture as well as references to Lucan’s De bello civili during the early modern period. In this essay, these attributes are identified in an eighteenth-century personification of “Reformation” by Jeremias Wachsmuth which is compared to the sixteenth-century image “Riforma” by Cesare Ripa. 20. Zum Gebrauch des Begriffs der Reformation im deutschen Verwaltungskontext des 18. Jahrhunderts vgl. beispielhaft Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, „Über das physiokratische System“, in: Deutsches Museum (10) 1778, 289–324, hier 323: „[...] eine plötzliche Reformazion [sic!] einer Verfassung, die so viele Jahrhunderte gestanden und im Innersten der Denkart, Sitten, Gesetze, Religion so fest verwurzelt ist, allemal unendlich mehr böse Folgen nach sich zieht, als man übersehen kann, und selten die guten als man erwartet.“ Die Schrift erschien noch einmal 1782 in Wien. Christian Wilhelm Dohm: Über das physiokratische Sistem [sic!], Wien 1782. Zur Entstehung der Schrift vgl. Mordché Wolf Rapaport, Chr. W. Dohm: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Nationalökonomie, Paderborn 2013, Nachdruck der Ausg. v. 1907, 20f. Ein Beispiel für den englischen Gebrauch findet sich bereits im Titel von Edmund Burkes „Speech on Economical Reformation“ vom 11. Februar 1780, in: Paul Langford, Hg., The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, Bd. III: Party, Parliament, and the American War, 1774–1780, Oxford 1996.","PeriodicalId":42621,"journal":{"name":"ARCHIV FUR REFORMATIONSGESCHICHTE-ARCHIVE FOR REFORMATION HISTORY","volume":"110 1","pages":"314 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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