Pub Date : 2012-08-16DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268898
Noraini Noordin, Adibah Shuib, Mohamad Said Zainol, M. Adil
To confront and combat some of the issues in the administration and distribution of Islamic inheritance, Muslims have to look pass constitutional amendments and consider other alternatives as practical solutions to the problem of lengthy and costly claim procedures. Unveiling the uncertainties and confusion undergone by Muslims for so many years has provided the basis for our study to develop the network model and the mathematical model as solution approach to this problem. Careful analysis of variables using normality tests, descriptive statistics, normal and detrended plots as well as box-plots confirms the non-normality of variables, a finding upon which is built the assumption to use median absolute deviation as the best measure of variation to estimate activity durations of the model.
{"title":"Islamic inheritance claim processes — Non-normality data traits and best estimator choice","authors":"Noraini Noordin, Adibah Shuib, Mohamad Said Zainol, M. Adil","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268898","url":null,"abstract":"To confront and combat some of the issues in the administration and distribution of Islamic inheritance, Muslims have to look pass constitutional amendments and consider other alternatives as practical solutions to the problem of lengthy and costly claim procedures. Unveiling the uncertainties and confusion undergone by Muslims for so many years has provided the basis for our study to develop the network model and the mathematical model as solution approach to this problem. Careful analysis of variables using normality tests, descriptive statistics, normal and detrended plots as well as box-plots confirms the non-normality of variables, a finding upon which is built the assumption to use median absolute deviation as the best measure of variation to estimate activity durations of the model.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116607200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-16DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268880
M. Rashid, I. N. Ahmad, R. Haron, R. Adnan
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment effectiveness of CPM machine during post-operative treatment of ACL patients. It was hypothesized (H0) that there is no significance difference on muscles activities between experimental period (during movement) with CPM machine and control period (during resting) before treatment with CPM machine. The data analysis compared the following variables for 11 patients who received CPM machine for 30 min conducted as an experimental period and during the first minute before treatment with CPM machine, performed as a control period or baseline. In this cross sectional study, 11 patient male military personnel who fulfilled the inclusion criteria was chosen specifically based on simple random sampling method. Muscles activities in the rectus femoris (RF) and bicep femoris (BF) were assessed by surface electromyography during treatment with CPM machine. Based on the result of this study, showed that the null hypothesis (H0) of this research was accepted because at the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles is not activated compared during resting and during movement with CPM machine. Therefore, the treatment effectiveness of CPM machine was assessed completely in the way to provide evidence concerning muscle is relaxed during treatment session.
{"title":"Treatment effectiveness of continuous passive motion machine during post-operative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament patients","authors":"M. Rashid, I. N. Ahmad, R. Haron, R. Adnan","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268880","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment effectiveness of CPM machine during post-operative treatment of ACL patients. It was hypothesized (H0) that there is no significance difference on muscles activities between experimental period (during movement) with CPM machine and control period (during resting) before treatment with CPM machine. The data analysis compared the following variables for 11 patients who received CPM machine for 30 min conducted as an experimental period and during the first minute before treatment with CPM machine, performed as a control period or baseline. In this cross sectional study, 11 patient male military personnel who fulfilled the inclusion criteria was chosen specifically based on simple random sampling method. Muscles activities in the rectus femoris (RF) and bicep femoris (BF) were assessed by surface electromyography during treatment with CPM machine. Based on the result of this study, showed that the null hypothesis (H0) of this research was accepted because at the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles is not activated compared during resting and during movement with CPM machine. Therefore, the treatment effectiveness of CPM machine was assessed completely in the way to provide evidence concerning muscle is relaxed during treatment session.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134311374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269003
N. H. Mahzan, S. B. Hashim, S. H. Herman, U. Noor, M. Rusop
Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films were deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, teflon) substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. The aim of this study was to study the physical and structural properties of nc-Si on the Teflon substrate. The thin films properties were examined by Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). We found that at room temperature, the deposited thin film was amorphous, however, crystallization started to occur when the substrate was heated, resulting that the deposited thin films are nc-Si thin films. The film thickness and the deposition rate increased with substrate temperature except for the room temperature deposition. The grains seemed to be more dense for the deposition at higher temperature compared to the lower temperature.
{"title":"Deposition temperature dependence of the sputtered nanocrystalline silicon thin films on Teflon substrates deposited by RF magnetron sputtering method","authors":"N. H. Mahzan, S. B. Hashim, S. H. Herman, U. Noor, M. Rusop","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269003","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films were deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, teflon) substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. The aim of this study was to study the physical and structural properties of nc-Si on the Teflon substrate. The thin films properties were examined by Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). We found that at room temperature, the deposited thin film was amorphous, however, crystallization started to occur when the substrate was heated, resulting that the deposited thin films are nc-Si thin films. The film thickness and the deposition rate increased with substrate temperature except for the room temperature deposition. The grains seemed to be more dense for the deposition at higher temperature compared to the lower temperature.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115225170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268811
Y. Mohd, R. Ibrahim, M. Zainal
This study describes the effects of deposition potential and deposition time on the electrodeposition of Polyaniline (PANi) films on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate. It was found that the aniline with 0.5M in 1M H2SO4 started to polymerize on ITO substrate at + 0.70 V vs Ag/AgCl. Chronoamperometry was used to deposit PANi on ITO-coated glass at three different applied potentials (ie: +0.75V, +1.0V and +1.5V) and three different deposition times (ie: 60s, 300s and 600s). The surface morphology of the PANi films was imaged by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The films electrodeposited at different potential and different deposition time exhibit different surface morphologies. At short deposition time (60s) with constant potential of +0.75V, a thin two dimensional (2D) PANi film was deposited on the ITO and adhered strongly on the ITO surface. However, when the deposition time was prolonged longer, the microgranular and nanorod-shaped PANI particles started growing upward on the first layer (thin compact film) and finally the uppermost layer consisted of compact and dense nano-fibrillar PANi particles with few small voids. Nevertheless, the top layer was not strongly adhered on the adherent thin film. On the other hand, deposition at high potential (+1.50V) for a short time also produced a thick and dense PANi layer (dark blue in colour) was formed on the ITO surface with the presence of few voids and crevices. The electrodeposition of Polyaniline (PANi) at +1.50 V was 2.5 times faster than at +1.0V and 23 times faster than at +0.75V. The thin compact PANi film is a promising material to be used in electrochromic windows due to its good adhesion, transparency and electrochromism.
研究了沉积电位和沉积时间对聚苯胺(PANi)薄膜在氧化铟锡(ITO)镀膜玻璃基板上电沉积的影响。结果表明，在+ 0.70 V /Ag /AgCl条件下，在1M H2SO4中加入0.5M的苯胺在ITO衬底上开始聚合。采用计时电流法在三种不同的应用电位(+0.75V， +1.0V和+1.5V)和三种不同的沉积时间(60s, 300s和600s)下在ito镀膜玻璃上沉积聚苯胺。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对聚苯胺薄膜的表面形貌进行了成像。在不同电势和不同沉积时间下沉积的薄膜表面形貌不同。在+0.75V恒定电位下，在短时间(60s)内沉积了一层薄薄的二维聚苯胺薄膜，并牢固地粘附在ITO表面。然而，随着沉积时间的延长，第一层(致密薄膜)上开始向上生长微颗粒和纳米棒状的聚苯胺颗粒，最后最上层由致密致密的纳米纤维状聚苯胺颗粒组成，几乎没有小的空隙。然而，顶层在粘附薄膜上的粘附不强。另一方面，在高电位(+1.50V)下短时间沉积也会在ITO表面形成厚而致密的聚苯胺层(颜色为深蓝色)，并且几乎没有空洞和缝隙。聚苯胺(PANi)在+1.50 V下的电沉积速度比+1.0V快2.5倍，比+0.75V快23倍。聚苯胺薄膜具有良好的附着力、透明性和电致变色性，是一种很有前途的电致变色窗材料。
{"title":"Electrodeposition and characterization of Polyaniline films","authors":"Y. Mohd, R. Ibrahim, M. Zainal","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268811","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the effects of deposition potential and deposition time on the electrodeposition of Polyaniline (PANi) films on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate. It was found that the aniline with 0.5M in 1M H2SO4 started to polymerize on ITO substrate at + 0.70 V vs Ag/AgCl. Chronoamperometry was used to deposit PANi on ITO-coated glass at three different applied potentials (ie: +0.75V, +1.0V and +1.5V) and three different deposition times (ie: 60s, 300s and 600s). The surface morphology of the PANi films was imaged by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The films electrodeposited at different potential and different deposition time exhibit different surface morphologies. At short deposition time (60s) with constant potential of +0.75V, a thin two dimensional (2D) PANi film was deposited on the ITO and adhered strongly on the ITO surface. However, when the deposition time was prolonged longer, the microgranular and nanorod-shaped PANI particles started growing upward on the first layer (thin compact film) and finally the uppermost layer consisted of compact and dense nano-fibrillar PANi particles with few small voids. Nevertheless, the top layer was not strongly adhered on the adherent thin film. On the other hand, deposition at high potential (+1.50V) for a short time also produced a thick and dense PANi layer (dark blue in colour) was formed on the ITO surface with the presence of few voids and crevices. The electrodeposition of Polyaniline (PANi) at +1.50 V was 2.5 times faster than at +1.0V and 23 times faster than at +0.75V. The thin compact PANi film is a promising material to be used in electrochromic windows due to its good adhesion, transparency and electrochromism.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123046157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269001
N. Rahimi, M. Rahim, A. Hussain, J. Mahmud
This paper aims to explore the built-in failure criteria functions provided by ANSYS to simulate the failure behaviour of composite plates under tension. The first ply failure (FPF) load is determined and the results are used for the time to assess the accuracy of the available built-in failure criteria. Finite element (FE) models are developed using standard ANSYS formulation to replicate physical uni-axial tensile tests. The built-in failure criteria functions are explored and the available criteria (Maximum Stress and Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria) are used to determine the FPF load for a composite laminate, with a layup of (θ4/04/- θ4)s. The angle, θ, is varied from 0° to 90°. The results are compared with a (FE) implementation using Fortran and available experiment data. The FPF curves for both ANSYS and Fortran were plotted and found very close to the experiment results. By comparing the curves, the results are used to assess and evaluate the accuracy of the failure criteria. The results show that the current ANSYS and Fortran simulations produce a maximum average error of 16%. Using ANSYS, the Maximum Stress and Tsai-Wu criteria produce an average error of 5.78%, and 13.19% respectively. Using Fortran programme, Maximum Stress produces an average error of 1.36%. Despite larger error, simulations using ANSYS allows easier modification and manipulation. Moreover, the procedure of simulations has the potential to replace tedious and expensive physical testing. Therefore, it can be concluded the current study has successfully explored the built-in failure criteria functions in ANSYS to replicate experiments. Apparently, the current study is novel, useful and contributes significant knowledge in conducting failure analysis of composite laminates.
{"title":"Evaluation of failure criteria for composite plates under tension","authors":"N. Rahimi, M. Rahim, A. Hussain, J. Mahmud","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explore the built-in failure criteria functions provided by ANSYS to simulate the failure behaviour of composite plates under tension. The first ply failure (FPF) load is determined and the results are used for the time to assess the accuracy of the available built-in failure criteria. Finite element (FE) models are developed using standard ANSYS formulation to replicate physical uni-axial tensile tests. The built-in failure criteria functions are explored and the available criteria (Maximum Stress and Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria) are used to determine the FPF load for a composite laminate, with a layup of (θ4/04/- θ4)s. The angle, θ, is varied from 0° to 90°. The results are compared with a (FE) implementation using Fortran and available experiment data. The FPF curves for both ANSYS and Fortran were plotted and found very close to the experiment results. By comparing the curves, the results are used to assess and evaluate the accuracy of the failure criteria. The results show that the current ANSYS and Fortran simulations produce a maximum average error of 16%. Using ANSYS, the Maximum Stress and Tsai-Wu criteria produce an average error of 5.78%, and 13.19% respectively. Using Fortran programme, Maximum Stress produces an average error of 1.36%. Despite larger error, simulations using ANSYS allows easier modification and manipulation. Moreover, the procedure of simulations has the potential to replace tedious and expensive physical testing. Therefore, it can be concluded the current study has successfully explored the built-in failure criteria functions in ANSYS to replicate experiments. Apparently, the current study is novel, useful and contributes significant knowledge in conducting failure analysis of composite laminates.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"111 3S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121310558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268858
N. M. Niza, M. Hamzah
In this study, cotton and palm kernel seeds have been used to produce biodiesel by reactive extraction in which the biodiesel is produced directly from the particle seeds. This method is influenced by many parameters which include the seeds particle sizes. Hence, the effects of particles sizes on oil content, extraction efficiency of reactive reaction and biodiesel conversion have been investigated to determine the highest percentage of biodiesel production. These parameters were studied in the size range of 0.5-7 mm for cotton seeds and 4-15 mm for palm kernel seeds. It was determined that the smallest particle sizes (0.5-1 mm) for cotton seeds resulted in the highest oil extracted as well as high percentage on the extraction efficiency. Meanwhile for palm kernel seeds, the smallest particles sizes resulted to the highest oil extracted which is 58% within 24 hours reaction time. At the same particle sizes and reaction period, the extraction efficiency in extraction of FAME yield 90%. For biodiesel conversion, both particle size of palm kernel seeds (1-4 mm and 10-15 mm) have converted to 30% and 25% of FAME, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of particle sizes on percentage conversion for cotton seeds (0.5-1 mm and 4-7 mm) are 9% and 6 %, respectively. It can be concluded that an increased in particle sizes resulted to a decreased in percentage of oil content, extraction efficiency and biodiesel conversion, as smaller particle size will have larger surface area that assisted both extraction and reaction.
{"title":"Influence of seed particle sizes on extraction and reactive extraction for biodiesel production from cotton and palm kernel seeds","authors":"N. M. Niza, M. Hamzah","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268858","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, cotton and palm kernel seeds have been used to produce biodiesel by reactive extraction in which the biodiesel is produced directly from the particle seeds. This method is influenced by many parameters which include the seeds particle sizes. Hence, the effects of particles sizes on oil content, extraction efficiency of reactive reaction and biodiesel conversion have been investigated to determine the highest percentage of biodiesel production. These parameters were studied in the size range of 0.5-7 mm for cotton seeds and 4-15 mm for palm kernel seeds. It was determined that the smallest particle sizes (0.5-1 mm) for cotton seeds resulted in the highest oil extracted as well as high percentage on the extraction efficiency. Meanwhile for palm kernel seeds, the smallest particles sizes resulted to the highest oil extracted which is 58% within 24 hours reaction time. At the same particle sizes and reaction period, the extraction efficiency in extraction of FAME yield 90%. For biodiesel conversion, both particle size of palm kernel seeds (1-4 mm and 10-15 mm) have converted to 30% and 25% of FAME, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of particle sizes on percentage conversion for cotton seeds (0.5-1 mm and 4-7 mm) are 9% and 6 %, respectively. It can be concluded that an increased in particle sizes resulted to a decreased in percentage of oil content, extraction efficiency and biodiesel conversion, as smaller particle size will have larger surface area that assisted both extraction and reaction.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126951152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269013
S. Ishak, S. Setumin, M. Maruzuki, M. Sharipudin
This paper provides an alternative of improvised formula for determining qibla direction using vector algebra. The proposed method using vector algebra formula are given in details was compared with the existing method using spherical trigonometry. Then, result shows that the proposed method is accurate and easy to understand because does not require high mathematical knowledge.
{"title":"Qibla determination using vector algebra","authors":"S. Ishak, S. Setumin, M. Maruzuki, M. Sharipudin","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an alternative of improvised formula for determining qibla direction using vector algebra. The proposed method using vector algebra formula are given in details was compared with the existing method using spherical trigonometry. Then, result shows that the proposed method is accurate and easy to understand because does not require high mathematical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122712258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268838
V. Maheshwari, Portia Banerjee, Madhumanti Datta, Susmita Sahoo, R. Kar, D. Mandal, A. Bhattacharjee
This paper presents a novel and accurate analytical approach for the efficient computation of the transient response and 50% delay of on-chip RLCG interconnect lines with a capacitive load. The proposed model is based on the two port representation of the transmission line. The simulation results are obtained by using the proposed model and found to be at good agreement with that of the SPICE simulation results. The results obtained justify the accuracy and the validity of the proposed transient response and the delay model for a wide range of load impedance values. The minimum error has been calculated to be 2.65% while the maximum error is found to be 8.33%.
{"title":"Delay and transient response modelling of on-chip RLCG interconnect using two-port network functions","authors":"V. Maheshwari, Portia Banerjee, Madhumanti Datta, Susmita Sahoo, R. Kar, D. Mandal, A. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268838","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel and accurate analytical approach for the efficient computation of the transient response and 50% delay of on-chip RLCG interconnect lines with a capacitive load. The proposed model is based on the two port representation of the transmission line. The simulation results are obtained by using the proposed model and found to be at good agreement with that of the SPICE simulation results. The results obtained justify the accuracy and the validity of the proposed transient response and the delay model for a wide range of load impedance values. The minimum error has been calculated to be 2.65% while the maximum error is found to be 8.33%.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122948633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268790
M. Ariff, R. Alrozi, M. Saleh, N. Razak, M. Osman, N. Zamanhuri
Plant based biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry methodology that has been claimed as a simple, cost effective and environmental friendly process, alternatively to the conventional methods (chemical and physical). Nanosilver (NS) synthesis by a biological route using Orthosiphon stamineus aqueous leaf extracts has been studied. The NSs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) attached with scanning TEM (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). NSs were formed when the colour of the liquid reaction changed from clear to brownish-yellow. The formation of the NS was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy analysis which the result of the spectra and absorbance peaks at 432 nm. TEM analysis revealed that NS formed has crystalline nature with spherical shape and the particle size was ranging from 2 to 47 nm. The presence of silver was confirmed by EDX analysis with the aid of STEM.
{"title":"Green biosynthesis of nanosilvers using aqueous extract from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves","authors":"M. Ariff, R. Alrozi, M. Saleh, N. Razak, M. Osman, N. Zamanhuri","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268790","url":null,"abstract":"Plant based biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry methodology that has been claimed as a simple, cost effective and environmental friendly process, alternatively to the conventional methods (chemical and physical). Nanosilver (NS) synthesis by a biological route using Orthosiphon stamineus aqueous leaf extracts has been studied. The NSs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) attached with scanning TEM (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). NSs were formed when the colour of the liquid reaction changed from clear to brownish-yellow. The formation of the NS was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy analysis which the result of the spectra and absorbance peaks at 432 nm. TEM analysis revealed that NS formed has crystalline nature with spherical shape and the particle size was ranging from 2 to 47 nm. The presence of silver was confirmed by EDX analysis with the aid of STEM.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129584670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268817
M. F. Kamaruzaman, M. H. Azahari, R. Anwar
This paper explored on the video's potential in assisting lecturers to sustain students' concentration and enhance students' enthusiasm in and outside the classroom. The driving educational belief, as idea and practice, is that by bringing ideas to life in design, hence with good-quality technology infrastructure, effective information and communication technologies (ICT) integration in and outside the lecture room is accessible. This study goes some way in bridging this gap by exploring the students' engagement and motivation toward video application. Findings demonstrated positive content learning outcomes as measured by objective tests and anecdotal evidence. The video approach facilitated connections to content, student motivation and commitment in learning development identity.
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