Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268887
A. K. N. Fadzeelah, M. Z. Ramli, N. Amri, H. I. Maarof
In this study, TiO2, SiO2 and SiO2/TiO2 double layers thin films were prepared and coated on the glass plate via sol-gel dip coating method. The samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to analyze the present of TiO2 and SiO2 compounds in the prepared samples. Meanwhile, UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the transmittance spectra of the thin films and the water contact angle was analyzed to determine the hydrophilic properties. XRD result revealed that the TiO2 xerogel was anatase phase after the calcination. As for SiO2 xerogel, the pattern of IR spectra demonstrated the formation of SiO2 network. Therefore, from these results, the TiO2 and SiO2 xerogels were successfully prepared. Besides that, surface morphology of prepared coating films were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As expected for SiO2/TiO2 double layers thin film, SiO2 particles aggregates were randomly distributed on the surface of TiO2. Performance wise, the prepared coating samples were also shown a positive result of water contact angle analyses. This finding revealed that a SiO2/TiO2 double layers thin film has demonstrated hydrophilic property based on the 13.9° of contact angle achieved. Moreover, the light transmittance of this thin film at normally incident light can be reached up to 70%. Therefore, it can be summarized that SiO2/TiO2 double layers thin film demonstrated a hydrophilic surface in nature.
{"title":"Hydrophilic of SiO2/TiO2 double layers thin film prepared by sol-gel dip coating method","authors":"A. K. N. Fadzeelah, M. Z. Ramli, N. Amri, H. I. Maarof","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268887","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, TiO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> double layers thin films were prepared and coated on the glass plate via sol-gel dip coating method. The samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to analyze the present of TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> compounds in the prepared samples. Meanwhile, UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the transmittance spectra of the thin films and the water contact angle was analyzed to determine the hydrophilic properties. XRD result revealed that the TiO<sub>2</sub> xerogel was anatase phase after the calcination. As for SiO<sub>2</sub> xerogel, the pattern of IR spectra demonstrated the formation of SiO<sub>2</sub> network. Therefore, from these results, the TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> xerogels were successfully prepared. Besides that, surface morphology of prepared coating films were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As expected for SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> double layers thin film, SiO<sub>2</sub> particles aggregates were randomly distributed on the surface of TiO<sub>2</sub>. Performance wise, the prepared coating samples were also shown a positive result of water contact angle analyses. This finding revealed that a SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> double layers thin film has demonstrated hydrophilic property based on the 13.9° of contact angle achieved. Moreover, the light transmittance of this thin film at normally incident light can be reached up to 70%. Therefore, it can be summarized that SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> double layers thin film demonstrated a hydrophilic surface in nature.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115664068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268892
N. Mukahar, S. Kar
This paper presents an improved architecture of folded cascade OTA with current control circuit that achieves improved DC gain and settling time without sacrificing power and area. This is achieved by exploiting and using idle device in the signal path and separates the AC and DC path, which results in an enhanced transconductance, output resistance, gain, settling time and power dissipation. Recycle folded cascade amplifier architecture was implemented in 90 nm CMOS process with 1 V power supply. Simulation results shows that the proposed structure significantly increase the DC gain bandwidth compared to the recycle folded cascade OTA and consume very low power dissipation. Theoretical analysis and LTSpice simulations prove the performance of the new OTA.
{"title":"Improved recycle folded cascode OTA with current control circuit","authors":"N. Mukahar, S. Kar","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268892","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved architecture of folded cascade OTA with current control circuit that achieves improved DC gain and settling time without sacrificing power and area. This is achieved by exploiting and using idle device in the signal path and separates the AC and DC path, which results in an enhanced transconductance, output resistance, gain, settling time and power dissipation. Recycle folded cascade amplifier architecture was implemented in 90 nm CMOS process with 1 V power supply. Simulation results shows that the proposed structure significantly increase the DC gain bandwidth compared to the recycle folded cascade OTA and consume very low power dissipation. Theoretical analysis and LTSpice simulations prove the performance of the new OTA.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114321523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268890
F. K. Nornanysya, S. Aminah., S. Azemi, K. Dzaraini, W. Y. W. M. Fathil
In this study, aerobic microorganisms isolated from rubber plantation area and known to be involved in rubber odor production were identified. These isolates were used in a study to determine the best antimicrobial agent to inhibit their growth and finally help in eliminating rubber odor. Three antimicrobial agents of different concentration including Sodium hypochlorite, Chloroxylenol and Formaldehyde as well as HISKA® (the coagulant and density enhancer for rubber latex) were used for screening the bactericidal properties by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. It was shown that the pattern of inhibition zone varied according to the microorganism tested and the antimicrobial agent used. From the results, 1.0% Sodium hypochlorite and 1.0% Formaldehyde showed the potential as odor eliminator and could be applied in rubber plantation factory in order to inhibit the growth of microbes during the storing of natural rubber before processing. The SPME/GC-MS analysis supported the results that Sodium hypochlorite and Formaldehyde possess the ability to inhibit the growth of microbes and furthermore will reduce the odor without affecting the physical properties of rubber.
{"title":"Treatment of odor from natural rubber by using selected antimicrobial agent","authors":"F. K. Nornanysya, S. Aminah., S. Azemi, K. Dzaraini, W. Y. W. M. Fathil","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268890","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, aerobic microorganisms isolated from rubber plantation area and known to be involved in rubber odor production were identified. These isolates were used in a study to determine the best antimicrobial agent to inhibit their growth and finally help in eliminating rubber odor. Three antimicrobial agents of different concentration including Sodium hypochlorite, Chloroxylenol and Formaldehyde as well as HISKA® (the coagulant and density enhancer for rubber latex) were used for screening the bactericidal properties by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. It was shown that the pattern of inhibition zone varied according to the microorganism tested and the antimicrobial agent used. From the results, 1.0% Sodium hypochlorite and 1.0% Formaldehyde showed the potential as odor eliminator and could be applied in rubber plantation factory in order to inhibit the growth of microbes during the storing of natural rubber before processing. The SPME/GC-MS analysis supported the results that Sodium hypochlorite and Formaldehyde possess the ability to inhibit the growth of microbes and furthermore will reduce the odor without affecting the physical properties of rubber.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117290375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268778
Nurbaizura Borhan, A. Nawawi, Muhammad Azri Mohd
The objective of this study is to investigate whether the ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and US markets are integrated or segmented. The countries that are included in the sample are five ASEAN countries comprise Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, and Philippines plus Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong and US countries. In this study, the data will be divided into two financial crises which are Asian financial crisis and global financial crisis which each is divided into three sub-periods namely the pre-crisis period, crisis period, and post crisis period. Methods of this study are correlation analysis, unit root test, Johansen's cointegration test and Granger causality test. The findings show that government bond yield markets are more related during post crisis period as compared to pre-crisis period for both Asian financial crisis and global financial crisis. The government bond markets are found to be less cointegrated among themselves. In terms of causality test, it can be argued that global crisis period seems to be more significant causality related as compared to Asian crisis period. There is a possibility that the government bond yield markets are more related in the later years as compared to the earlier years. Further, it can be argued that for markets that are less cointegrated, investors can enjoy long-run international diversification benefits by investing across these markets because they do not have a tendency to move together in the long run.
{"title":"Financial integration in ASEAN+3 bond markets: Evidence in financial crisis","authors":"Nurbaizura Borhan, A. Nawawi, Muhammad Azri Mohd","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268778","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to investigate whether the ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and US markets are integrated or segmented. The countries that are included in the sample are five ASEAN countries comprise Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, and Philippines plus Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong and US countries. In this study, the data will be divided into two financial crises which are Asian financial crisis and global financial crisis which each is divided into three sub-periods namely the pre-crisis period, crisis period, and post crisis period. Methods of this study are correlation analysis, unit root test, Johansen's cointegration test and Granger causality test. The findings show that government bond yield markets are more related during post crisis period as compared to pre-crisis period for both Asian financial crisis and global financial crisis. The government bond markets are found to be less cointegrated among themselves. In terms of causality test, it can be argued that global crisis period seems to be more significant causality related as compared to Asian crisis period. There is a possibility that the government bond yield markets are more related in the later years as compared to the earlier years. Further, it can be argued that for markets that are less cointegrated, investors can enjoy long-run international diversification benefits by investing across these markets because they do not have a tendency to move together in the long run.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116368647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269004
S. B. Hashim, N. H. Mahzan, S. H. Herman, U. Noor, M. Rusop
Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film was successfully deposited on glass substrate without substrate heating using radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The effect of RF power and substrate bias on the structural properties of the thin films was studied. The film thickness and the deposition rate increased with the increasing RF power. Raman spectroscopy results it showed that the peak was around 503 cm-1 from the deposition with 200W RF power, but when the substrate bias was applied, the peak was at 515 cm-1, showing that the thin film crystalline changed from nanocrystalline for the deposition without the substrate bias, to almost polycrystalline for the deposition with the substrate bias.
{"title":"Low-temperature direct deposition of polycrystalline silicon thin film on glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering with applied substrate bias","authors":"S. B. Hashim, N. H. Mahzan, S. H. Herman, U. Noor, M. Rusop","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6269004","url":null,"abstract":"Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film was successfully deposited on glass substrate without substrate heating using radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The effect of RF power and substrate bias on the structural properties of the thin films was studied. The film thickness and the deposition rate increased with the increasing RF power. Raman spectroscopy results it showed that the peak was around 503 cm-1 from the deposition with 200W RF power, but when the substrate bias was applied, the peak was at 515 cm-1, showing that the thin film crystalline changed from nanocrystalline for the deposition without the substrate bias, to almost polycrystalline for the deposition with the substrate bias.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128508735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268843
N. Kamis, D. Mohamad, N. Sulaiman, K. Abdullah, I. Ibrahim
This paper proposed an integrated fuzzy approach based on Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations (CFPR) and Generalized TOPSIS. The procedure of CFPR are improved by adapting Centroid-Index as defuzzification operator, in order to represent the whole set of fuzzy numbers correctly. The CFPR requires only (n-1) pair-wise comparisons for n given criteria, where this situation prove that the increasing number of criteria will not exponentially increased the number of pair-wise comparisons in criteria weights determination process. The evaluation of alternative towards criteria is carried out and the ranking can be obtained by using Generalized TOPSIS method. This method introduced Up and Lo operators for the purpose of determining ideal and negative ideal solutions, that are adequate under fuzzy environment and satisfied the partial ordering relations. The implementation of this integrated approach is presented in the selection of best notebook for students, which involved two decision makers, four criteria and four alternatives. The proposed method can be used as an alternative procedure in solving multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems.
{"title":"An integrated fuzzy approach to solving multi-criteria decision making problems","authors":"N. Kamis, D. Mohamad, N. Sulaiman, K. Abdullah, I. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268843","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed an integrated fuzzy approach based on Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations (CFPR) and Generalized TOPSIS. The procedure of CFPR are improved by adapting Centroid-Index as defuzzification operator, in order to represent the whole set of fuzzy numbers correctly. The CFPR requires only (n-1) pair-wise comparisons for n given criteria, where this situation prove that the increasing number of criteria will not exponentially increased the number of pair-wise comparisons in criteria weights determination process. The evaluation of alternative towards criteria is carried out and the ranking can be obtained by using Generalized TOPSIS method. This method introduced Up and Lo operators for the purpose of determining ideal and negative ideal solutions, that are adequate under fuzzy environment and satisfied the partial ordering relations. The implementation of this integrated approach is presented in the selection of best notebook for students, which involved two decision makers, four criteria and four alternatives. The proposed method can be used as an alternative procedure in solving multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123712210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268779
R. Atan, A. Rahim
The purpose of this study is to investigate the intellectual capital reporting practice of companies listed under Ace Market of Bursa Malaysia. This study also evaluates the relationship of firms' characteristics such as firm size, type of industry, type of auditor and profitability with intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) levels. The extent of ICD was measured by using content analysis method. The data was collected by reviewing the annual reports of 104 companies for the year 2009. The results show that among the three categories, the information under external capital category has the highest reporting record, followed by internal capital and finally the human capital category. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between firms' characteristics and ICD. The regression produces an adjusted R2 of 0.377 which indicate that the model is able to explain 37.7 percent of the variance in the dependent variable for the whole sample. The results show that type of industry and type of auditor has a significant association with the intellectual capital disclosure at 5% significant level. Finally, the other variables such as size and profitability did not have any significant association with the ICD. The results have significant implications for setting standard on the disclosure of intellectual capital information in the annual reports. It will give some insight to the policymakers towards the needs to design future accounting guidelines on ICD.
{"title":"Corporate reporting of intellectual capital: Evidence from Ace Market of Bursa Malaysia","authors":"R. Atan, A. Rahim","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268779","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the intellectual capital reporting practice of companies listed under Ace Market of Bursa Malaysia. This study also evaluates the relationship of firms' characteristics such as firm size, type of industry, type of auditor and profitability with intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) levels. The extent of ICD was measured by using content analysis method. The data was collected by reviewing the annual reports of 104 companies for the year 2009. The results show that among the three categories, the information under external capital category has the highest reporting record, followed by internal capital and finally the human capital category. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between firms' characteristics and ICD. The regression produces an adjusted R2 of 0.377 which indicate that the model is able to explain 37.7 percent of the variance in the dependent variable for the whole sample. The results show that type of industry and type of auditor has a significant association with the intellectual capital disclosure at 5% significant level. Finally, the other variables such as size and profitability did not have any significant association with the ICD. The results have significant implications for setting standard on the disclosure of intellectual capital information in the annual reports. It will give some insight to the policymakers towards the needs to design future accounting guidelines on ICD.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123191422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268795
J. M. Sharif, K. Z. Zamli, A. A. Bakar, S. Abdullah, I. S. Isa, I. R. M. Noordin
T-way strategy has been known to be effective in generating test data and addressed combinatorial explosion issue. This paper describes the design and development of a non-deterministic t-way strategy, called TTG, with seeding and constraints support. In doing so, a number of experiments are discussed in order to prove the correctness of the implementation.
{"title":"A non-deterministic t-way strategy with seeding and constraints support","authors":"J. M. Sharif, K. Z. Zamli, A. A. Bakar, S. Abdullah, I. S. Isa, I. R. M. Noordin","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268795","url":null,"abstract":"T-way strategy has been known to be effective in generating test data and addressed combinatorial explosion issue. This paper describes the design and development of a non-deterministic t-way strategy, called TTG, with seeding and constraints support. In doing so, a number of experiments are discussed in order to prove the correctness of the implementation.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123115328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268834
M. Sani, F. Muftah
Common bricks in construction industry are divided into two types, namely as sand brick in white colour and clay brick in red colour. Cement brick or sand brick made from sand mixed with cement and formed into rectangular cubes or hollow rectangular cubes. Cement bricks are generally used for the construction of houses or small buildings as it is cheaper and often used for a less loaded structures. Brick wall in building is considered to be an important component in the construction due to its high cost. In addition, extensive cement and brick production plants contribute to air and noise pollution. Material recruitment process on hill to make cement also cause geological and landslide problems. S+WPSA Brick using sand and Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) mixture are solid rectangular cubes designed to be a cheaper but with similar compressive strength to common bricks and can overcome all the problems. This paper illustrates an experiment study and investigates the results of pundit test, skid resistance test and compressive strength test of common brick and S+WPSA brick. S+WPSA Brick indicates a more homogeneous, less void and good in quality compared to clay brick and sand brick. Besides that, the S+WPSA Brick introduces smoother surface compared to the sand bricks and clay brick in the market. Clay brick recorded the highest compressive strength of 15.17 MPa when compared with S+WPSA brick of 5.287 MPa and sand brick of 1.76 MPa.
{"title":"Comparison study of common brick with S+WPSA brick","authors":"M. Sani, F. Muftah","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268834","url":null,"abstract":"Common bricks in construction industry are divided into two types, namely as sand brick in white colour and clay brick in red colour. Cement brick or sand brick made from sand mixed with cement and formed into rectangular cubes or hollow rectangular cubes. Cement bricks are generally used for the construction of houses or small buildings as it is cheaper and often used for a less loaded structures. Brick wall in building is considered to be an important component in the construction due to its high cost. In addition, extensive cement and brick production plants contribute to air and noise pollution. Material recruitment process on hill to make cement also cause geological and landslide problems. S+WPSA Brick using sand and Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) mixture are solid rectangular cubes designed to be a cheaper but with similar compressive strength to common bricks and can overcome all the problems. This paper illustrates an experiment study and investigates the results of pundit test, skid resistance test and compressive strength test of common brick and S+WPSA brick. S+WPSA Brick indicates a more homogeneous, less void and good in quality compared to clay brick and sand brick. Besides that, the S+WPSA Brick introduces smoother surface compared to the sand bricks and clay brick in the market. Clay brick recorded the highest compressive strength of 15.17 MPa when compared with S+WPSA brick of 5.287 MPa and sand brick of 1.76 MPa.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-24DOI: 10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268859
L. N. Ismail, S. A. Farahiyah, Z. Habibah, S. H. Herman, M. Rusop
This research is to investigate the dielectric properties of PMMA: TiO2 nanocomposite thin films. The experiments are conducted by varying the TiO2 concentration from 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%. The results indicate that dielectric properties of PMMA: TiO2 nanocomposite thin film is affected by the amount of TiO2 concentration added into PMMA solution. The thin film with 3wt% indicate the higher dielectric constant with value 8.04 compare to others concentration. The capacitance result shows that when TiO2 are added its capacitance value is above pure PMMA where pure PMMA is about 0.004nF. However, for dielectric loss, it shows that the 3wt% thin film with value of 0.06 is lower than other concentrations. The FESEM images show that all the nanocomposite thin films have a porous surface. High porosity is obtained when the amount TiO2 concentration is increased.
{"title":"Dielectric and physical properties of PMMA:TiO2 thin films by varying TiO2 concentration","authors":"L. N. Ismail, S. A. Farahiyah, Z. Habibah, S. H. Herman, M. Rusop","doi":"10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268859","url":null,"abstract":"This research is to investigate the dielectric properties of PMMA: TiO2 nanocomposite thin films. The experiments are conducted by varying the TiO2 concentration from 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%. The results indicate that dielectric properties of PMMA: TiO2 nanocomposite thin film is affected by the amount of TiO2 concentration added into PMMA solution. The thin film with 3wt% indicate the higher dielectric constant with value 8.04 compare to others concentration. The capacitance result shows that when TiO2 are added its capacitance value is above pure PMMA where pure PMMA is about 0.004nF. However, for dielectric loss, it shows that the 3wt% thin film with value of 0.06 is lower than other concentrations. The FESEM images show that all the nanocomposite thin films have a porous surface. High porosity is obtained when the amount TiO2 concentration is increased.","PeriodicalId":426671,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115297124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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