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Carbon Isotope Ratios of Plant n-Alkanes and Microstratigraphy Analyses of Dung Accumulations in a Pastoral Nomadic Winter Campsite (Eastern Mongolia) 蒙古国东部游牧冬季营地植物正构烷烃碳同位素比值及粪便堆积微地层分析
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510614
Natalia Égüez, C. Makarewicz
ABSTRACT Livestock fecal remains provide an important source of information on past animal husbandry systems and dung use. A combined micromorphological and biomolecular investigation of dung deposits brings new perspectives into past landscape land use and animal husbandry strategies by providing seasonal-scale information on livestock dietary intake as well as intensity of dung deposition in penning spaces. We conducted microstratigraphic analyses and compound-specific carbon stable isotope analysis of plant n-alkanes of dung deposits associated with pastoral nomadic winter campsites in Mongolia, in order to explore the floral origin of graze ingested by livestock and evaluate its potential biomolecular signatures. Preliminary results show that δ13C values of plant n-alkanes were unusually depleted when compared to carbon isotope values of plant n-alkanes in soil control samples recovered from landscapes with minimal anthropic activity. We highlight the importance of multi-proxy ethnoarcheological studies in identifying biomarkers that convey information on pastoralist animal exploitation practices.
牲畜粪便残留物提供了过去畜牧业系统和粪便使用的重要信息来源。粪沉积的微观形态和生物分子结合研究为过去的景观、土地利用和畜牧业策略提供了新的视角,提供了牲畜日粮摄入的季节尺度信息以及围栏空间中粪沉积的强度。研究人员对蒙古游牧民族冬季营地粪便沉积物中植物正构烷烃进行了微地层分析和碳稳定同位素分析,以探索牲畜摄入牧草的植物来源,并评估其潜在的生物分子特征。初步结果表明,与人类活动最小的景观中恢复的土壤对照样品中植物正构烷烃的碳同位素值相比,植物正构烷烃的δ13C值异常减少。我们强调了多代理民族考古学研究在识别传达畜牧动物开发实践信息的生物标志物方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 21
Ethnoarchaeology of Fuel Use in Northern Forests: Towards a Better Characterization of Prehistoric Fire-Related Activities 北方森林燃料使用的民族考古学:对史前火相关活动的更好表征
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510601
A. Henry, Evgenya Zavadskaya, C. Alix, E. Kurovskaya, S. Beyries
ABSTRACT Prehistoric fuel management and hearth functions are key research issues that have benefitted from the development of experimental and ethnoarchaeogical approaches aimed at providing interpretative models for archaeological fire and fuel studies. In this paper, we present a selection of ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical data mostly collected among Evenks and Athabascans of East Siberia and North America. Our aim is to question and discuss the relationship between fuel and hearth functions from an ethnoarchaeobotanical perspective: what are the criteria for selecting plant fuels? How archaeologically visible can these diverse fuel types be and what do they tell us about past fire-related activities? Our data shows that the contents of combustion structures result from multiple people-environment interactions at different levels, few of which are accessible to the archaeologist. Nevertheless, ethnoarchaeology, by fostering a reflection on taphonomy issues in the broad sense, actively contributes to methodological developments leading to a better understanding of complex technical fire-related processes.
史前燃料管理和炉膛功能是实验和民族考古方法发展的关键研究问题,旨在为考古火和燃料研究提供解释模型。在本文中,我们选择了主要收集于东西伯利亚和北美的埃文克人和阿萨巴斯坎人的民族志、民族考古和民族历史资料。我们的目的是从民族考古学的角度来质疑和讨论燃料和灶台功能之间的关系:选择植物燃料的标准是什么?这些不同类型的燃料在考古学上的可见性如何?它们对过去与火有关的活动有什么启示?我们的数据表明,燃烧结构的内容是不同层次的人与环境相互作用的结果,其中很少有考古学家可以接触到。然而,民族考古学通过促进对广义上的埋藏学问题的反思,积极地促进了方法论的发展,从而更好地了解与火有关的复杂技术过程。
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引用次数: 11
Rituals of the Past: Prehispanic and Colonial Case Studies in Andean Archaeology 过去的仪式:安第斯考古中的前西班牙和殖民案例研究
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510640
Andrew P. Roddick
similarly organized, making cross-cultural comparisons relatively easy, limited only by the quality of the original data (for which these authors are not to be faulted). Some of the most significant insights from these cases include examples where yarn quality estimates derived from spindle whorl weight do not match well with suggested tensions estimated from preserved loom weights, thus supporting conclusions that loom alternatives to the warp weighted loom existed, for example the horizontal ground or two-beam upright loom for which we have no preserved archaeological examples; and instances where estimates of thread types based on excavated loom weights supports the existence of multiple looms. The final chapter summarizes the volume and offers some concluding remarks about broader areas to which an understanding of textile tools can speak: for example, labor hours, workshops, gender, labor mobility and seasonality. Editorially, this is a nicely formatted volume with a map of the sites included in the database and a chronological table by region for the eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age that also incorporates formal and descriptive terms, both of which are used in the case studies, and additional reference markers such as “advent of sailing” and “Thera eruption,” which assist in recognizing a few pivotal historical moments in textile technology. Two appendices contain records of textile remains in the Eastern Mediterranean, organized both regionally and chronologically. My only critique is that all the remains are discussed as a single site record, so it is not always clear as to which fragment the data describes. Finally, many of the authors call for publication standards for textile tool descriptions, preserved textile remains and reporting guidelines for textile experimental archaeology, the need for which is clearly seen in the case studies presented here and something that the TTTC database and this volume should go a long way towards rectifying.
类似的组织,使得跨文化比较相对容易,只受限于原始数据的质量(这些作者没有过错)。从这些案例中获得的一些最重要的见解包括,从主轴轮轴重量得出的纱线质量估计与从保存的织机重量估计的张力不太匹配,从而支持存在经纱加权织机替代品的结论,例如我们没有保存的考古样本的水平地面或两梁直立织机;在一些情况下,根据挖掘出的织机重量来估计螺纹类型支持多台织机的存在。最后一章总结了本卷,并提供了一些关于纺织工具的理解可以说话的更广泛领域的结论性评论:例如,劳动时间,车间,性别,劳动力流动性和季节性。编辑方面,这是一本格式精美的书,包含数据库中的遗址地图和地中海东部青铜器时代的地区年表,其中还包含了案例研究中使用的正式和描述性术语,以及额外的参考标记,如“航海的出现”和“锡拉火山爆发”,这有助于认识纺织技术的几个关键历史时刻。两个附录包含东地中海地区纺织品遗迹的记录,按地区和时间顺序组织。我唯一的批评是,所有的遗骸都是作为一个单一的站点记录来讨论的,所以并不总是清楚地知道数据描述的是哪个片段。最后,许多作者呼吁为纺织工具描述、保存的纺织品遗骸和纺织实验考古报告指南制定出版标准,这在这里介绍的案例研究中可以清楚地看到,TTTC数据库和本卷应该在很大程度上加以纠正。
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引用次数: 2
An experimental ethnoarchaeology and analytical approach to fire-related management strategies in a hunter–fisher–gatherer society from the southern tip of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) 火地岛南端(阿根廷)狩猎-捕鱼-采集社会中与火有关的管理策略的实验民族考古学和分析方法
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510609
Albert García-Piquer, Joan-Miquel Lozano, R. March, Jordi Estévez-Escalera
ABSTRACT This paper presents a synthetic overview of the results of a multidisciplinary approach –archaeological, experimental and ethnographic – that provides new insights into the fire-related management strategies (from firewood procurement to fire use and cleaning activities) adopted by Yamana groups. We bring to the fore the significance of recent results from a chemical, GC-MS and GC-C-IRMS analysis of combustion residues recovered from Túnel VII and Lanashuaia I, two shell-midden excavated in the framework of several Spanish-Argentinean, Experimental Ethnoarchaeology projects developed in Tierra del Fuego Island (Argentina). The molecular and fatty acids isotopic composition allow characterizing the different combustion structures from the perspective of intensity or food processing, informing also about post-depositional factors. Results allow for a critical evaluation of ethnographic sources and thus of direct observation.
本文综合概述了多学科方法的结果-考古,实验和民族志-为Yamana群体采用的与火有关的管理策略(从木柴采购到火的使用和清洁活动)提供了新的见解。我们提出了最近从Túnel VII和Lanashuaia I中回收的燃烧残留物的化学,GC-MS和GC-C-IRMS分析结果的重要性,这两个贝壳是在几个西班牙-阿根廷实验民族考古项目的框架内挖掘出来的,在火地岛(阿根廷)开发。分子和脂肪酸同位素组成可以从强度或食品加工的角度表征不同的燃烧结构,也可以提供沉积后因素的信息。结果允许对人种学来源进行批判性评估,从而进行直接观察。
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引用次数: 2
The Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and Environment of the Marismas Nacionales: The Prehistoric Pacific Littoral of Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico Marismas Nacionales的考古、民族历史和环境:墨西哥锡那罗亚和纳亚里特的史前太平洋沿岸
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510637
Andrew D. Somerville
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引用次数: 2
Ethnographies and Actualistic Cooking Experiments: Ethnoarchaeological Pathways toward Understanding Earth-Oven Variability in Archaeological Records 民族志和实际烹饪实验:民族考古学的途径,以了解在考古记录的地球烤箱的变化
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510125
A. Thoms, Laura Short, M. Kamiya, Andrew R. Laurence
ABSTRACT This article addresses aspects of earth-oven baking, as reported in ethnohistoric and ethnographic accounts from western North America and via a series of actualistic experiments. Ethnographic and ethnohistoric accounts attest to far more variability in oven morphologies, baking times, and food types than has been identified archaeologically. Toward mitigation of this data-discrepancy, we present methods and results of building and using nine earth ovens representative of those known ethnographically and expected to be represented in archaeological records. Our experiments demonstrate that earth-oven baking in a morphological variety of facilities is readily replicated by drawing from the ethnographic and ethnohistoric literature. Successful strategies are quickly learned through trial and error. With that comes an adequate understanding of how heat energy flows in various facilities along with recognition of critical roles of temperature, moisture availability, and cooking time, thereby providing a basis for better understanding the nature of related archaeological records.
摘要本文从北美西部的民族历史和民族志报道以及一系列实际实验出发,探讨了土炉烘焙的各个方面。民族志和民族历史记载证明,在烤箱形态、烘焙时间和食物类型方面,比考古学上发现的变化要大得多。为了减轻这种数据差异,我们提出了建造和使用9个土炉的方法和结果,这些土炉代表了已知的民族志,并有望在考古记录中有所体现。我们的实验表明,从民族志和民族历史文献中可以很容易地复制形态多样的土炉烘焙。成功的策略是通过尝试和错误很快学会的。这样,我们就能充分了解热能如何在各种设施中流动,并认识到温度、水分可用性和烹饪时间的关键作用,从而为更好地理解相关考古记录的性质提供基础。
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引用次数: 6
Relating to Rock Art in the Contemporary World: Navigating Symbolism, Meaning, and Significance 与当代世界的岩石艺术有关:导航象征主义,意义和意义
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510641
G. McCall
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引用次数: 5
Geo-ethnoarchaeology of Fire: Geoarchaeological Investigation of Fire Residues in Contemporary Context and its Archaeological Implications 火的地理民族考古学:当代背景下火残留物的地质考古调查及其考古意义
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510616
David E. Friesem
ABSTRACT Geoarchaeology focusing on microscopic and chemical remains has contributed greatly to the study of archaeological fire. One of the methodological approaches geoarchaeologists have adopted in the last two decades is the use of ethnoarchaeology to collect reference materials and construct models for how fire residues are formed and preserve or deteriorate in the archaeological record. Geo-ethnoarchaeology uses contemporary contexts to investigate both living and recently abandoned sites in order to directly link human behavior with the formation of microscopic and chemical markers and to follow the post-depositional processes, which affect the formation of the archaeological record. This article reviews the contribution of geo-ethnoarchaeology to the study of archaeological formation processes associated with fire residues through the examination of several key case studies and their archaeological implications.
以微观和化学遗迹为重点的地质考古学对考古火灾的研究做出了巨大贡献。在过去的二十年中,地质考古学家采用的方法之一是使用民族考古学来收集参考材料并构建模型,以了解火灾残留物如何在考古记录中形成并保存或恶化。地理民族考古学利用当代背景来调查现存的和最近被遗弃的遗址,以便将人类行为与微观和化学标记的形成直接联系起来,并遵循影响考古记录形成的沉积后过程。本文通过对几个关键案例研究及其考古意义的考察,回顾了地理民族考古学对与火灾残留物相关的考古形成过程研究的贡献。
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引用次数: 2
Tools, Textiles and Contexts: Investigating Textile Production in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age 工具、纺织品和环境:调查爱琴海和东地中海青铜时代的纺织品生产
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1510639
Laura B. Mazow
our knowledge of the nature of the Aztatlán system. Each of the contributing authors to this volume is either retired or emeritus. As such, the book represents the work of mature scholars carefully and thoughtfully presenting their results to support the legacy of the Marismas Nacionales project and to facilitate future studies in the region. In this sense, the volume is an unambiguous success and will serve as an example for archaeological reports of this scope and magnitude. The chapters presented in the volume are an excellent resource for future generations of archaeologists studying in West Mexico, and an indispensable point of reference for scholars of the Aztatlán tradition.
我们对Aztatlán系统本质的认识。每一个贡献作者,这一卷要么退休或名誉。因此,这本书代表了成熟学者的工作,仔细而周到地展示了他们的成果,以支持Marismas Nacionales项目的遗产,并促进该地区未来的研究。从这个意义上说,该卷是一个明确的成功,并将作为一个例子,考古报告的这种范围和规模。在卷中提出的章节是一个极好的资源,为未来几代考古学家在西墨西哥研究,并为学者的Aztatlán传统不可或缺的参考点。
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引用次数: 6
Surviving Spanish Conquest: Indian fight, flight, and cultural transformation in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico 幸存的西班牙征服:印第安人在伊斯帕尼奥拉岛和波多黎各的战斗、逃亡和文化转变
IF 1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1439296
Marco Meniketti
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Ethnoarchaeology
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