首页 > 最新文献

GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal最新文献

英文 中文
Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia Pada Penulisan Papan Nama, Spanduk, Pamflet di Kecamatan Medan Denai 棉兰德奈区招牌、横幅和小册子书写中的印尼语错误分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i2.1071
Arif Rizky Harahap, Nirmawan Nirmawan
This study aims to describe what forms are found in the analysis of Indonesian language usage errors in the writing of signboards, banners, and pamphlets in Medan Denai District. The research method used is descriptive research method whose data is already listed on the writing of signboards, banners, and pamphlets. The instrument used by the researcher in collecting data is from the form of documentation which is done by photographing or taking data in the form of pictures/photos on the subject and object under study, and assisted by a research tool in the form of a cellphone (HP) or smartphone. The data collection techniques used in this research are (1) observation techniques, (2) documentation techniques, and (3) recording techniques. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive with the steps of (1) searching for data, (2) documenting data, (3) selecting and choosing data, (4) analyzing data and giving marks, (5) identifying data, (6) completing the data that has been obtained, (7) understanding the overall data that has been selected, and (8) concluding the research results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that language errors in the use of spelling, punctuation, word choice, and standardized language vocabulary and non-standardized language vocabulary are still commonly found on signboards, banners, and pamphlets in Medan City, especially in Medan Denai District. The image data obtained by the researcher in accordance with his research amounted to 30 image data that had been taken in the North Sumatra region, specifically in Medan Denai District. The data were categorized by looking at the objects that have been determined by the researcher in his research which are Indonesian language usage errors in writing signboards, banners, and pamphlets. Therefore, the results of the language errors that have been analyzed are as follows: errors in the use of spelling on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 5 data; errors in the use of punctuation on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 5 data; errors in the use of word choice (diction) on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 1 data; and errors in the use of non-standard language vocabulary on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 9 data; and errors in the use of foreign language terms or elements on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 5 data
本研究旨在描述在分析棉兰德奈地区的招牌、横幅和小册子的印尼语使用错误时,发现了哪些形式。所使用的研究方法是描述性研究方法,其数据已经列在招牌,横幅和小册子的文字上。研究人员在收集数据时使用的工具是通过拍摄或以图片/照片的形式拍摄所研究的主题和对象的数据,并通过手机(HP)或智能手机形式的研究工具进行辅助的文档形式。本研究使用的数据收集技术有:(1)观察技术,(2)文献技术,(3)记录技术。本研究的数据分析技术是描述性的,步骤是(1)查找数据,(2)记录数据,(3)选择和选择数据,(4)分析数据并打分,(5)识别数据,(6)完成已获得的数据,(7)理解已选择的整体数据,(8)总结研究结果。根据研究结果,可以得出结论,在棉兰市,特别是棉兰德奈区,招牌,横幅和小册子中,在拼写,标点,用词,标准化和非标准化语言词汇的使用方面,语言错误仍然普遍存在。研究人员根据其研究获得的图像数据为在北苏门答腊地区,特别是在棉兰德奈地区拍摄的30张图像数据。这些数据是根据研究人员在研究中确定的对象进行分类的,这些对象是写招牌、横幅和小册子时的印尼语使用错误。因此,对语言错误的分析结果如下:招牌、横幅、小册子上的拼写错误达5个数据;招牌、横幅、宣传册标点符号使用错误达5个数据;在招牌、横幅和小册子上的用词错误达1个数据;在招牌、横幅和小册子上使用非标准语言词汇的错误达到9个数据;在招牌、横幅、宣传册上使用外文术语或元素的错误达到5个数据
{"title":"Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia Pada Penulisan Papan Nama, Spanduk, Pamflet di Kecamatan Medan Denai","authors":"Arif Rizky Harahap, Nirmawan Nirmawan","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i2.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i2.1071","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to describe what forms are found in the analysis of Indonesian language usage errors in the writing of signboards, banners, and pamphlets in Medan Denai District. The research method used is descriptive research method whose data is already listed on the writing of signboards, banners, and pamphlets. The instrument used by the researcher in collecting data is from the form of documentation which is done by photographing or taking data in the form of pictures/photos on the subject and object under study, and assisted by a research tool in the form of a cellphone (HP) or smartphone. The data collection techniques used in this research are (1) observation techniques, (2) documentation techniques, and (3) recording techniques. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive with the steps of (1) searching for data, (2) documenting data, (3) selecting and choosing data, (4) analyzing data and giving marks, (5) identifying data, (6) completing the data that has been obtained, (7) understanding the overall data that has been selected, and (8) concluding the research results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that language errors in the use of spelling, punctuation, word choice, and standardized language vocabulary and non-standardized language vocabulary are still commonly found on signboards, banners, and pamphlets in Medan City, especially in Medan Denai District. The image data obtained by the researcher in accordance with his research amounted to 30 image data that had been taken in the North Sumatra region, specifically in Medan Denai District. The data were categorized by looking at the objects that have been determined by the researcher in his research which are Indonesian language usage errors in writing signboards, banners, and pamphlets. Therefore, the results of the language errors that have been analyzed are as follows: errors in the use of spelling on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 5 data; errors in the use of punctuation on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 5 data; errors in the use of word choice (diction) on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 1 data; and errors in the use of non-standard language vocabulary on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 9 data; and errors in the use of foreign language terms or elements on signboards, banners, and pamphlets amounted to 5 data","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136327154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Using Intensive Reading Strategy on Students’ Vocabulary Achievement at The First Year Student 精读策略对一年级学生词汇成绩的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i2.1027
Yemima Debora Saragih, Yugi Diraga Prawiyata
This research aimed to determine whether intensive reading strategy is effective to increase students’ English vocabulary. This research used quantitative method as its design. The population in this research consists of 40 students from SMAS EKLESIA. The sample of this research was 20 students in experimental group and 20 students in control group. To collect the data from both classes, this research used pre-test and post-test. The data from both classes analyzed by using SPSS program to calculate and determine the validity of the data. Based on the data analysis, the result of T-test revealed that the post-test score of the experimental group was higher than control group. Additionally, the result of hypothesis analysis showed that t-test is higher than t-table (2.831 > 2.021). It indicated that H0 (Null Hypothesis) was rejected and Ha (Alternative Hypothesis) was accepted. Based on the result of this research, it showed that there was significant improvement on students’ vocabulary achievement in using intensive reading as a strategy in teaching.
本研究旨在确定精读策略对提高学生英语词汇量是否有效。本研究采用定量方法设计。本研究的人群由40名来自SMAS EKLESIA的学生组成。本研究的样本为20名实验组学生和20名对照组学生。为了收集这两个班级的数据,本研究采用了前测和后测。用SPSS程序对两类数据进行分析,计算并确定数据的有效性。经数据分析,t检验结果显示实验组的后验得分高于对照组。另外,假设分析结果显示,t检验高于t表(2.831 >2.021)。这表明拒绝H0(零假设),接受Ha(备择假设)。本研究结果表明,将精读作为教学策略对学生的词汇成绩有显著的提高。
{"title":"The Effect of Using Intensive Reading Strategy on Students’ Vocabulary Achievement at The First Year Student","authors":"Yemima Debora Saragih, Yugi Diraga Prawiyata","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i2.1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i2.1027","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to determine whether intensive reading strategy is effective to increase students’ English vocabulary. This research used quantitative method as its design. The population in this research consists of 40 students from SMAS EKLESIA. The sample of this research was 20 students in experimental group and 20 students in control group. To collect the data from both classes, this research used pre-test and post-test. The data from both classes analyzed by using SPSS program to calculate and determine the validity of the data. Based on the data analysis, the result of T-test revealed that the post-test score of the experimental group was higher than control group. Additionally, the result of hypothesis analysis showed that t-test is higher than t-table (2.831 > 2.021). It indicated that H0 (Null Hypothesis) was rejected and Ha (Alternative Hypothesis) was accepted. Based on the result of this research, it showed that there was significant improvement on students’ vocabulary achievement in using intensive reading as a strategy in teaching.","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136327155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving Students' Ability In Writing Procedure Text By Using Project-Based Learning At Second Grade Students Of SMA SWASTA AL-WASHLIYAH TANJUNG MORAWA 运用项目教学法提高小学二年级学生的程序文本写作能力
Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i1.891
Intan Sari, Nurhafni Siregar, None Wariyati
This research was conducted to improve students' ability in writing procedure text using project-based learning. The formulation of the problem is: “Does the use of project-based learning improve the students' ability in writing procedure text”. The aims of the research is: “To find out whether the use of project-based learning improves the students' ability in writing procedure text”. In this research, the subject of the research were the grade XI-1 students at SMA Al-Washliyah Tanjung Morawa in 2021/2022 academic years which consists of 30 students. In carrying out this research, the researcher used classroom action research (CAR) as a research method. The researcher used the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. The researchers and English teachers collaborated on this research. Researchers as teachers and teachers as observers. This research was carried out based on research procedures, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research consisted of two cycles. One cycle consisted of two meetings. The instruments used for get data were interview guidelines, questionnaire, test, and field notes. To analyze student scores, the mean of students, the class percentage, and percentage of students' improvement formulas are used. The results of the research using project-based learning showed that there was an increase in students' ability in writing procedure text. Students get grades gradually until students get good grades. The minimum completeness criteria score (KKM) in English subjects is 75. The average score of students on the pre-test is 61.13. The average score of students in post-test one is 69.06 and there are 40% of students who can get the KKM score. The students' mean score on post-test two was 78.4. And there are 83.3% of students who can get the KKM score. This means that the research has succeeded in achieving the success criteria, namely 75% of students get the KKM score. In addition, there were very positive responses from students and teachers regarding the use of project-based learning. So, it can be concluded that project-based learning can improve students' ability in writing procedure text
& # x0D;& # x0D;& # x0D;& # x0D;本研究旨在运用项目式学习的方法,提高学生的程序文本写作能力。问题的提法是:“项目式学习的运用是否提高了学生编写程序文本的能力?”本研究的目的是:“了解项目式学习是否能提高学生的程序文本写作能力”。在进行本研究时,研究者采用了课堂行动研究(CAR)作为研究方法。研究者使用了Kemmis和Mc Taggart模型。研究人员和英语教师合作进行了这项研究。研究者是老师,老师是观察者。本研究是根据研究程序进行的,即计划、行动、观察和反思。本研究分为两个周期。一个周期包括两次会议。获取数据的工具为访谈指南、问卷、测试和现场记录。为了分析学生的成绩,使用了学生的平均值,班级百分比和学生的进步百分比公式。项目式学习的研究结果表明,学生的程序文本写作能力有所提高。学生逐渐取得成绩,直到取得好成绩。英语科目的最低完成标准分数(KKM)为75分。学生的预测平均分为61.13分。后测一学生的平均分为69.06分,有40%的学生能获得KKM分数。学生们在后测二的平均得分是78.4分。83.3%的学生能够达到KKM的分数。这意味着该研究成功地达到了成功标准,即75%的学生获得了KKM分数。此外,学生和教师对使用基于项目的学习也有非常积极的反应。因此,可以得出结论,基于项目的学习可以提高学生编写程序文本的能力 & # x0D;& # x0D;& # x0D;
{"title":"Improving Students' Ability In Writing Procedure Text By Using Project-Based Learning At Second Grade Students Of SMA SWASTA AL-WASHLIYAH TANJUNG MORAWA","authors":"Intan Sari, Nurhafni Siregar, None Wariyati","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i1.891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i1.891","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 
 This research was conducted to improve students' ability in writing procedure text using project-based learning. The formulation of the problem is: “Does the use of project-based learning improve the students' ability in writing procedure text”. The aims of the research is: “To find out whether the use of project-based learning improves the students' ability in writing procedure text”. In this research, the subject of the research were the grade XI-1 students at SMA Al-Washliyah Tanjung Morawa in 2021/2022 academic years which consists of 30 students. In carrying out this research, the researcher used classroom action research (CAR) as a research method. The researcher used the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. The researchers and English teachers collaborated on this research. Researchers as teachers and teachers as observers. This research was carried out based on research procedures, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research consisted of two cycles. One cycle consisted of two meetings. The instruments used for get data were interview guidelines, questionnaire, test, and field notes. To analyze student scores, the mean of students, the class percentage, and percentage of students' improvement formulas are used. The results of the research using project-based learning showed that there was an increase in students' ability in writing procedure text. Students get grades gradually until students get good grades. The minimum completeness criteria score (KKM) in English subjects is 75. The average score of students on the pre-test is 61.13. The average score of students in post-test one is 69.06 and there are 40% of students who can get the KKM score. The students' mean score on post-test two was 78.4. And there are 83.3% of students who can get the KKM score. This means that the research has succeeded in achieving the success criteria, namely 75% of students get the KKM score. In addition, there were very positive responses from students and teachers regarding the use of project-based learning. So, it can be concluded that project-based learning can improve students' ability in writing procedure text
 
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135553482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of English Songs to Improve Students Listening Ability 英语歌曲对提高学生听力的作用
Pub Date : 2023-03-11 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i1.842
Nanda Aribah Ridhani, Yusnita Nasution
This study aims to determine the student’s listening improvement by using instructional media for English Song, students grade VIII MTs. Muhammadiyah 13 Tanjung Morawa. The lack of students’ listening ability through was caused by the learning condition which was not using media so that the learning process run so monotonous and it impact to the students anthusiasm. This case made the students felt boring. In order to achieve the goals that have been determined, then this study uses a two group pretest and posttest experimental research methods. The number of samples in this research were 20 students. The result of t-observed was 5.8 and t-table was 1.68 it means that t-observed higher than t-table. Because the result of t-observed is higher than t-table, it means that by using the media English songs can showed a significant affect on the improvement of listening VIII MTs. Muhammadiyah 13 Tanjung Morawa. The reseacher sincerely expected that enthusiasm are able to try and apply the appropriate media and in accordance with the material to be taught, one of them is the use of English song media for listening improvement.
本研究旨在通过使用英语歌曲的教学媒体,确定学生的听力提高,学生八年级MTs穆罕默迪亚13丹戎莫拉瓦。学生听力能力的缺乏是由于不使用媒体的学习环境造成的,学习过程过于单调,影响了学生的学习热情。这个案例让学生们感到无聊。为了达到已经确定的目标,本研究采用了前测和后测两组实验研究方法。本研究样本数量为20名学生。t-observed结果为5.8,t-table为1.68,即t-observed高于t-table。由于t-observed结果高于t-table,说明使用媒体英语歌曲对听力的提高有显著的影响。Muhammadiyah 13 Tanjung Morawa。研究者真诚地希望学生们能够尝试和应用合适的媒体,并根据所要教授的材料,其中之一就是使用英语歌曲媒体进行听力的提高。
{"title":"The Effect of English Songs to Improve Students Listening Ability","authors":"Nanda Aribah Ridhani, Yusnita Nasution","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i1.842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i1.842","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the student’s listening improvement by using instructional media for English Song, students grade VIII MTs. Muhammadiyah 13 Tanjung Morawa. The lack of students’ listening ability through was caused by the learning condition which was not using media so that the learning process run so monotonous and it impact to the students anthusiasm. This case made the students felt boring. In order to achieve the goals that have been determined, then this study uses a two group pretest and posttest experimental research methods. The number of samples in this research were 20 students. The result of t-observed was 5.8 and t-table was 1.68 it means that t-observed higher than t-table. Because the result of t-observed is higher than t-table, it means that by using the media English songs can showed a significant affect on the improvement of listening VIII MTs. Muhammadiyah 13 Tanjung Morawa. The reseacher sincerely expected that enthusiasm are able to try and apply the appropriate media and in accordance with the material to be taught, one of them is the use of English song media for listening improvement.","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136095194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Using Picture as Media Towards Students’ English Speaking Skills 图片作为媒介对学生英语口语能力培养的效果
Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i1.725
Fitri Wahyuni Manurung, Dahlia Sirait
The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of using picture as media towards students' English speaking skills. This research was conducted at MAS Al-Manar Medan in the academic year 2022/2023. The samples of this research were 37 students of class XI IPA and IIS. This research was conducted using an experimental research design with two classes, the experimental class consisting of 19 students and the control class consisting of 18 students. The experimental group was given pre-test, treatment and post-test and the control group was given pre-test and post-test. The instrument of this research was an oral test, which was given in the pre-test and post-test. The results of this research showed that the t-observed value was higher than the t-table (15.288 > 2.030). The alternative hypothesis was accepted. It means that the effectiveness of using picture as media significantly affected towards students' English speaking skills.
本研究的目的是找出使用图片作为媒介对学生英语口语技能的有效性。本研究于2022/2023学年在马纳尔棉兰学院进行。本研究采用两个班的实验研究设计,实验班19人,对照组18人。实验组分别进行前测、治疗和后测,对照组分别进行前测和后测。本研究的工具为口头测试,分为前测和后测两部分。本研究结果表明,t观测值高于t表(15.288 >2.030)。另一种假设被接受了。这意味着使用图片作为媒介的有效性对学生的英语口语能力有显著影响。
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Using Picture as Media Towards Students’ English Speaking Skills","authors":"Fitri Wahyuni Manurung, Dahlia Sirait","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i1.725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i1.725","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of using picture as media towards students' English speaking skills. This research was conducted at MAS Al-Manar Medan in the academic year 2022/2023. The samples of this research were 37 students of class XI IPA and IIS. This research was conducted using an experimental research design with two classes, the experimental class consisting of 19 students and the control class consisting of 18 students. The experimental group was given pre-test, treatment and post-test and the control group was given pre-test and post-test. The instrument of this research was an oral test, which was given in the pre-test and post-test. The results of this research showed that the t-observed value was higher than the t-table (15.288 > 2.030). The alternative hypothesis was accepted. It means that the effectiveness of using picture as media significantly affected towards students' English speaking skills.","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135079889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Anxiety about English Public Speaking in the Students of English Education Department 英语教育系学生对英语演讲的焦虑
Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i1.664
Dwi Ajeng Tristanti, None Wariyati
Speaking in spoken English is the act of conveying information or expressing thoughts and feelings. This study described how to analyze students' speaking fear in English Public Speaking at eighth semester Muslim Nusantara University Al-Washliyah Medan English Education Department. The qualitative research method was applied in this study. The researcher employed observation, interview, and questionnaire to gather the data. Three main stages of data analysis were used by the researcher: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing verification. Following a study of the data, the researcher came to the following conclusions about speaking fear among students at eighth semester Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah Medan English Education Department: First, the researcher discovered that the following factors contributed to students' speaking anxiety in English Public Speaking: self-prediction of fear, illogical faith, oversensitivity to threat, anxiety sensitivity, incorrect attribution of body signal, and low self-efficacy. Second, students' lack of speaking confidence in English, fear of making mistakes when speaking, nervousness when the teacher asks them to speak up, and shyness to perform in front of the class are the causes of students' speaking anxiety.
口语是传递信息或表达思想和感情的行为。本研究描述了如何分析穆斯林努桑塔拉大学第八学期英语公开演讲中学生的演讲恐惧。本研究采用定性研究方法。研究者采用观察法、访谈法和问卷法收集数据。研究人员将数据分析分为三个主要阶段:数据还原、数据显示和结论验证。通过对数据的研究,研究者得出以下结论:第一,研究者发现学生在英语公开演讲中出现演讲焦虑的因素有:对恐惧的自我预测、不符合逻辑的信念、对威胁的过度敏感、焦虑敏感、身体信号的错误归因、自我效能低下。其次,学生对英语口语缺乏自信,说话时害怕出错,老师让他们大声说话时紧张,害羞在全班面前表演,这些都是学生口语焦虑的原因。
{"title":"Anxiety about English Public Speaking in the Students of English Education Department","authors":"Dwi Ajeng Tristanti, None Wariyati","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i1.664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i1.664","url":null,"abstract":"Speaking in spoken English is the act of conveying information or expressing thoughts and feelings. This study described how to analyze students' speaking fear in English Public Speaking at eighth semester Muslim Nusantara University Al-Washliyah Medan English Education Department. The qualitative research method was applied in this study. The researcher employed observation, interview, and questionnaire to gather the data. Three main stages of data analysis were used by the researcher: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing verification. Following a study of the data, the researcher came to the following conclusions about speaking fear among students at eighth semester Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah Medan English Education Department: First, the researcher discovered that the following factors contributed to students' speaking anxiety in English Public Speaking: self-prediction of fear, illogical faith, oversensitivity to threat, anxiety sensitivity, incorrect attribution of body signal, and low self-efficacy. Second, students' lack of speaking confidence in English, fear of making mistakes when speaking, nervousness when the teacher asks them to speak up, and shyness to perform in front of the class are the causes of students' speaking anxiety.","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135079888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Using Strategy Word Square Toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery in Descriptive Text at MTS’S Darussalam Parmeraan Academic Year 2021-2022 2021-2022学年达鲁萨兰邦帕默兰中学使用策略词方块对学生描述性文本词汇掌握的影响
Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i1.732
Sella Syah Putri Sihombing, None Muhammad Khalid
Vocabulary is one of the elements in language. In English there four skills, they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In mastering English, the basic thing that students have to learn and understand is vocabulary, because the mastery of vocabulary influence to another skills in English. The objective of this research was to know whether using word square game is able or not to improve students’ vocabulary mastery at the second year of MTs S Darussalam Parmeraan. This research was aimed to find out the improvement of students’ vocabulary mastery after giving treatment using word square game. This research used pre-experimental design, with one group pre-test and post- test. The pre-test was given before treatment to know their prior vocabulary, while the post-test was given after treatment to know their vocabulary after getting treatment. The population of this research was the second year of MTs S Darussalam Parmeraan. The researcher took VII.3 as the sample which was consisting of 24 students. The result of this research was found that there was a significant between the pre-test and post-test. The mean score of pre-test was 53.8, while the mean score of posttest was 72.33. The result finding that score of t-test value was 8.73 higher than the score of t-table was 1.714 for the level significance 0.05 degree of freedom 23. Based on the result above, the researcher concluded that using word square game was able to improve students’ vocabulary mastery at the second year of MTs S Darussalam Pameraan.
词汇是语言的要素之一。在英语中有四种技能,他们是听,说,读,写。在掌握英语中,学生必须学习和理解的最基本的东西是词汇,因为词汇的掌握影响到英语的另一项技能。本研究的目的是了解使用文字方块游戏是否能够提高学生的词汇掌握在第二年级的MTs S Parmeraan。本研究旨在探讨文字方块游戏对学生词汇掌握的改善作用。 本研究采用预实验设计,分为前测组和后测组。前测在治疗前进行,以了解其先前的词汇量;后测在治疗后进行,以了解其治疗后的词汇量。本研究的人群是Darussalam Parmeraan的第二年。研究者以VII.3为样本,共24名学生。 本研究结果发现,前测与后测之间存在显著性差异。前测平均得分为53.8分,后测平均得分为72.33分。结果发现t检验值得分比t表得分1.714高8.73,水平显著性0.05自由度23。基于以上结果,研究者得出结论,使用文字方块游戏能够提高学生在Darussalam Pameraan硕士二年级的词汇掌握程度。
{"title":"The Effect of Using Strategy Word Square Toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery in Descriptive Text at MTS’S Darussalam Parmeraan Academic Year 2021-2022","authors":"Sella Syah Putri Sihombing, None Muhammad Khalid","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i1.732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i1.732","url":null,"abstract":"Vocabulary is one of the elements in language. In English there four skills, they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In mastering English, the basic thing that students have to learn and understand is vocabulary, because the mastery of vocabulary influence to another skills in English. The objective of this research was to know whether using word square game is able or not to improve students’ vocabulary mastery at the second year of MTs S Darussalam Parmeraan. This research was aimed to find out the improvement of students’ vocabulary mastery after giving treatment using word square game.
 This research used pre-experimental design, with one group pre-test and post- test. The pre-test was given before treatment to know their prior vocabulary, while the post-test was given after treatment to know their vocabulary after getting treatment. The population of this research was the second year of MTs S Darussalam Parmeraan. The researcher took VII.3 as the sample which was consisting of 24 students.
 The result of this research was found that there was a significant between the pre-test and post-test. The mean score of pre-test was 53.8, while the mean score of posttest was 72.33. The result finding that score of t-test value was 8.73 higher than the score of t-table was 1.714 for the level significance 0.05 degree of freedom 23. Based on the result above, the researcher concluded that using word square game was able to improve students’ vocabulary mastery at the second year of MTs S Darussalam Pameraan.","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135081090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving Student’s Reading Comprehension through Question-Answer Relationship of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Galang District Academic Year 2019/2020 加朗区2019/2020学年,通过Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo老师的问答关系提高学生的阅读理解能力
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i1.882
Chinta Rahayu, Azhary Tambusai, Zulfitri Zulfitri
This research is aimed at improving the reading comprehension of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Kec.Galang grade VIII students using QAR strategy. In conducting this study, the researcher applied Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the method of research. It was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four phases: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research answered two questions (1) How is the implementation of using Question Answer Relationship (QAR) to enhance the students’ reading comprehension in the narrative text at the eight grade of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Kec.Galang in the academic year of 2019/2020? (2) How is the result of the use of Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) strategy in the narrative text at the eight grade of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Kec.Galang in the academic year of 2019/2020? In reference to the application of the two cycles, the results of the research revealed that the use of schema activation strategy successfully improved the students‘ reading comprehension. The students’ interest and attention in the process of teaching and learning English, especially reading, reading improved. They were also able to explore many words related to the topic of the lesson. In relation to their comprehension of English texts, the students were able to identify main ideas and supporting details of paragraphs correctly
本研究旨在提高Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Kec的阅读理解能力。高朗八年级学生使用QAR策略。在进行本研究时,研究者采用课堂行动研究(CAR)作为研究方法。它分两个周期进行,每个周期包括四个阶段:计划、行动、观察和反思。本研究回答了两个问题:(1)如何在八年级的Al-Washliyah, Jati Rejo, Kec的叙事文本中实施问答关系(QAR)来提高学生的阅读理解。加朗在2019/2020学年?(2)在Al-Washliyah, Jati Rejo, Kec的八年级叙事文本中使用问答关系策略的效果如何?加朗在2019/2020学年?在这两个循环的应用上,研究结果表明图式激活策略的使用成功地提高了学生的阅读理解能力。学生在英语教学过程中的兴趣和注意力,尤其是阅读、阅读能力的提高。他们还能够探索与课程主题相关的许多单词。在对英语文本的理解方面,学生能够正确识别段落的主要思想和支持细节
{"title":"Improving Student’s Reading Comprehension through Question-Answer Relationship of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Galang District Academic Year 2019/2020","authors":"Chinta Rahayu, Azhary Tambusai, Zulfitri Zulfitri","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i1.882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i1.882","url":null,"abstract":"This research is aimed at improving the reading comprehension of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Kec.Galang grade VIII students using QAR strategy. In conducting this study, the researcher applied Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the method of research. It was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four phases: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research answered two questions (1) How is the implementation of using Question Answer Relationship (QAR) to enhance the students’ reading comprehension in the narrative text at the eight grade of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Kec.Galang in the academic year of 2019/2020? (2) How is the result of the use of Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) strategy in the narrative text at the eight grade of MTs Al-Washliyah Jati Rejo, Kec.Galang in the academic year of 2019/2020? In reference to the application of the two cycles, the results of the research revealed that the use of schema activation strategy successfully improved the students‘ reading comprehension. The students’ interest and attention in the process of teaching and learning English, especially reading, reading improved. They were also able to explore many words related to the topic of the lesson. In relation to their comprehension of English texts, the students were able to identify main ideas and supporting details of paragraphs correctly","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Students’ Difficulties in Translating English Short Story into Indonesian at SMP Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan 学生将英语短篇小说翻译成印尼语的困难
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.57251/el.v3i1.726
Arni Mutiara Indah, Yugi Diraga Prawiyata
The study discussed the difficulties of the student in translating the short story from English into Indonesian. The purpose of this study was to know to what extent the students difficulty to translate the short story into Indonesian. The study Uses a Qualitative Descriptive Method. This instrument of study is students translation short story. The study is being conducted at the intermediate school the united Academic Year 2021-2022. The subject of the study taken by four high school students selected by research participants. The criteria of this study the students who had difficulty translating the shory story into Indonesian, The students translation. Students need to translate short stories so we know where their difficulty in translating the short story.
本研究探讨了学生在将英文短篇小说翻译成印尼语时所遇到的困难。本研究的目的是了解学生将短篇故事翻译成印尼语的困难程度。本研究采用定性描述方法。这个学习工具是学生翻译短篇小说。这项研究是在2021-2022学年的中学进行的。研究对象是由研究参与者选出的四名高中生。本研究的标准是有困难的学生将小故事翻译成印尼语,学生翻译。学生需要翻译短篇小说,这样我们就知道他们在翻译短篇小说时遇到的困难。
{"title":"Students’ Difficulties in Translating English Short Story into Indonesian at SMP Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan","authors":"Arni Mutiara Indah, Yugi Diraga Prawiyata","doi":"10.57251/el.v3i1.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57251/el.v3i1.726","url":null,"abstract":"The study discussed the difficulties of the student in translating the short story from English into Indonesian. The purpose of this study was to know to what extent the students difficulty to translate the short story into Indonesian. The study Uses a Qualitative Descriptive Method. This instrument of study is students translation short story. The study is being conducted at the intermediate school the united Academic Year 2021-2022. The subject of the study taken by four high school students selected by research participants. The criteria of this study the students who had difficulty translating the shory story into Indonesian, The students translation. Students need to translate short stories so we know where their difficulty in translating the short story.","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kaligrafi Arab (Al-Khaṭtu Al-Naskhi) dalam Meningkatkan Mahārah Al-Kitābah pada Siswa Kelas IX di SMP Pesantren Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa 实施阿拉伯书法学习模式(Al-Khaṭ屠Al-Naskhi)中增加Mahā哇Al-Kit寄宿中学九年级学生在大洪āYatama独立戈瓦的女儿
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.33096/eljour.v4i1.206
Mujahid Abdul Jabbar, Megawati Watngil, Nurfarida Nurfarida, A. Ansar
It is known that students' scores for Arabic subjects are still very far below the KKM based on observations in class IX of the Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa Islamic Boarding School (SKBM). The percentage of complete learning Arabic subjects required is 75. Overall 21 students excel under the SKBM during the pre-cycle. Since only 55% of class students have completed 85% of the required materials, the traditional definition of comprehensive learning has not been met. From the observation data, it is also known that some learning activities are still dominated by teachers, while students choose to do non-learning activities. Al-Khaṭtu Al-Naskhi, a paradigm for learning Arabic calligraphy, was used in a study to address this problem. This research is a classroom action research with two cycles and three meetings per cycle. Planning, executing, observing, and reflecting on tasks are included in each cycle. A total of 26 students of class IX of SMP Pesantren Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa participated in the learning. Student learning outcomes are determined by pre-cycle evaluation exams, tests given after cycles I and II, and tests given at the end of each traditional learning cycle. The collected data was then examined subjectively and statistically. Learning outcomes data are studied numerically by using descriptive statistics, such as the average value, percentage, and minimum standard of value that must be achieved by students. As can be observed from the findings of hijaiyyah khaṭ naskhi writing skills, there are improvements in four areas as a consequence of the application of the Arabic calligraphy learning model (al-khaṭtu al-naskhi), which creates a pleasant learning environment and improves student learning outcomes. (1) There was an increase in teacher activity by 7.09 between cycles I and II. (2) The level of student activity in cycles I and II also increased by 7.64. (3) The class average increased by 21.15% from cycle I to cycle II, and (4) the presentation of learning completeness increased by 63.39% from cycle I to cycle II. As a result, the Al-Khaṭtu Al-Arab Naskhi Calligraphy Learning Model was successfully implemented.
众所周知,根据Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa伊斯兰寄宿学校(SKBM)九年级的观察,学生的阿拉伯语科目分数仍然远远低于KKM。完整学习阿拉伯语科目所要求的百分比是75%。在前期阶段,共有21名学生在SKBM下表现优异。由于只有55%的班级学生完成了85%的必修材料,所以没有达到全面学习的传统定义。从观察数据中我们也知道,一些学习活动仍然是由教师主导的,而学生选择做非学习活动。Al-Khaṭtu Al-Naskhi,一个学习阿拉伯书法的范例,在一项研究中被用来解决这个问题。本研究为课堂行动研究,分为两个周期,每个周期三次会议。计划、执行、观察和反思任务都包含在每个周期中。SMP Pesantren Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa九班共有26名学生参加了学习。学生的学习成果由周期前评估考试、周期一和周期二之后的考试以及每个传统学习周期结束时的考试决定。然后对收集到的数据进行主观和统计检验。学习成果数据通过使用描述性统计进行数值研究,例如平均值、百分比和学生必须达到的最低值标准。从hijaiyyah khaha naskhi写作技能的调查结果可以看出,由于应用阿拉伯书法学习模式(al-khaṭtu al-naskhi),在四个方面都有改善,这创造了一个愉快的学习环境,提高了学生的学习成果。(1)在周期1和周期2之间,教师活动增加了7.09。(2)周期1和周期2的学生活动水平也提高了7.64。(3)从第1周期到第2周期,班级平均成绩提高了21.15%;(4)从第1周期到第2周期,学习完成度的表现提高了63.39%。因此,Al-Khaṭtu阿拉伯纳斯基书法学习模式得以成功实施。
{"title":"Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kaligrafi Arab (Al-Khaṭtu Al-Naskhi) dalam Meningkatkan Mahārah Al-Kitābah pada Siswa Kelas IX di SMP Pesantren Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa","authors":"Mujahid Abdul Jabbar, Megawati Watngil, Nurfarida Nurfarida, A. Ansar","doi":"10.33096/eljour.v4i1.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/eljour.v4i1.206","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that students' scores for Arabic subjects are still very far below the KKM based on observations in class IX of the Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa Islamic Boarding School (SKBM). The percentage of complete learning Arabic subjects required is 75. Overall 21 students excel under the SKBM during the pre-cycle. Since only 55% of class students have completed 85% of the required materials, the traditional definition of comprehensive learning has not been met. From the observation data, it is also known that some learning activities are still dominated by teachers, while students choose to do non-learning activities. Al-Khaṭtu Al-Naskhi, a paradigm for learning Arabic calligraphy, was used in a study to address this problem. This research is a classroom action research with two cycles and three meetings per cycle. Planning, executing, observing, and reflecting on tasks are included in each cycle. A total of 26 students of class IX of SMP Pesantren Putri Yatama Mandiri Gowa participated in the learning. Student learning outcomes are determined by pre-cycle evaluation exams, tests given after cycles I and II, and tests given at the end of each traditional learning cycle. The collected data was then examined subjectively and statistically. Learning outcomes data are studied numerically by using descriptive statistics, such as the average value, percentage, and minimum standard of value that must be achieved by students. As can be observed from the findings of hijaiyyah khaṭ naskhi writing skills, there are improvements in four areas as a consequence of the application of the Arabic calligraphy learning model (al-khaṭtu al-naskhi), which creates a pleasant learning environment and improves student learning outcomes. (1) There was an increase in teacher activity by 7.09 between cycles I and II. (2) The level of student activity in cycles I and II also increased by 7.64. (3) The class average increased by 21.15% from cycle I to cycle II, and (4) the presentation of learning completeness increased by 63.39% from cycle I to cycle II. As a result, the Al-Khaṭtu Al-Arab Naskhi Calligraphy Learning Model was successfully implemented.","PeriodicalId":42765,"journal":{"name":"GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84898503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
GIST-Education and Learning Research Journal
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1