Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070104
S. Mariey, Maha A. El-Bialy, Rania A. Khedr, E. N. Mohamed, A. Meleha, I. Khatab
Abstract. Mariey SA, El-Bialy MA, Khedr RA, Mohamed EN, Meleha AMI, Khatab IA. 2023. Comprehensive evaluation and economic analysis in some barley genotypes under soil salinity. Asian J Agric 7: 20-33. Soil salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that cause a significant reduction in barley production. Understanding the phenotypic and genetic diversity among Barley genotypes is necessary to improve barley salt tolerance. Herne comprehensive sets of morph-physiological, grain quality traits and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers combined with economic analysis were done to determine the phenotypic and genetic variation of eight barley genotypes under salinity stress during seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. High genetic variation was observed among studied genotypes for all measured traits. Salinization caused a significant increase in (Sodium content, soluble carbohydrate content, and crude protein content %) in sensitive genotypes (Giza 132 and line 1). SSRs markers generated clear patterns with high polymorphism with 31 alleles by an average of 2.07 alleles per locus. Out of 15 SSR markers, nine (Bmac 0209, Bmag 0011, Bmag 125, Bmac 0871, Bmag 770, Bmac 701, Bmag 0387, Bmac316, and Bmag 0009) were highly useful in distinguishing tolerant and sensitive Barley genotypes. Soil salinity decreased the benefit-cost ratio for Giza 123,136 and 137, which appear beneficial as salt-tolerant cultivars. Those cultivars had low reductions for almost studied traits and had the highest grain yield production due to increasing the farmer's income under salt affect area.
{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation and economic analysis in some barley genotypes under soil salinity","authors":"S. Mariey, Maha A. El-Bialy, Rania A. Khedr, E. N. Mohamed, A. Meleha, I. Khatab","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mariey SA, El-Bialy MA, Khedr RA, Mohamed EN, Meleha AMI, Khatab IA. 2023. Comprehensive evaluation and economic analysis in some barley genotypes under soil salinity. Asian J Agric 7: 20-33. Soil salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that cause a significant reduction in barley production. Understanding the phenotypic and genetic diversity among Barley genotypes is necessary to improve barley salt tolerance. Herne comprehensive sets of morph-physiological, grain quality traits and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers combined with economic analysis were done to determine the phenotypic and genetic variation of eight barley genotypes under salinity stress during seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. High genetic variation was observed among studied genotypes for all measured traits. Salinization caused a significant increase in (Sodium content, soluble carbohydrate content, and crude protein content %) in sensitive genotypes (Giza 132 and line 1). SSRs markers generated clear patterns with high polymorphism with 31 alleles by an average of 2.07 alleles per locus. Out of 15 SSR markers, nine (Bmac 0209, Bmag 0011, Bmag 125, Bmac 0871, Bmag 770, Bmac 701, Bmag 0387, Bmac316, and Bmag 0009) were highly useful in distinguishing tolerant and sensitive Barley genotypes. Soil salinity decreased the benefit-cost ratio for Giza 123,136 and 137, which appear beneficial as salt-tolerant cultivars. Those cultivars had low reductions for almost studied traits and had the highest grain yield production due to increasing the farmer's income under salt affect area.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90118182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070103
A. F. El-Aswad, Mohamed R. Fouad, M. Aly
Abstract. El-Aswad AF, Fouad MR, Aly MI. 2023. Assessment of the acute toxicity of agrochemicals on earthworm (Aporrectodea caliginosa) using filter paper contact and soil mixing tests. Asian J Agric 7: 14-19. Earthworms are suitable bioindicators of chemical contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, adult earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa Savigny, 1826), which are common in Egyptian rice fields were used to study the side effects of fenitrothion and thiobencarb. Also, it was used two common Egyptian soil types; alluvial soil (clay soil) and the calcareous soil (sandy clay loam soil). Two tests were used; filter paper contact test at 24, 48 and 72 h, and the soil mixing test at 5 and 10 days. The effect of both pesticides on mortality of earthworm was insignificant at 24 h with a low mortality percentage. LC50 value of fenitrothion and thiobencarb were 83.16, 288.26, 24.67, and 39.98 µg a.i mL-1 at 48 and 72 h, respectively. Based on the LC50 values, fenitrothion was 3.5 and 1.6 times more toxic than thiobencarb at 48 and 72 h, respectively. At 5 and 10 days after treatment, respectively, the LC50 for fenitrothion in the soil mixing test decreased from 334.27 to 55.45 in clay soil and from (415.90) to (25.00) in sandy soil. Regarding to fenitrothion in soil mixing test, the LC50 was reduced from 334.27 to 55.45 in clay soil and from 415.90 to 25.00 in sandy soil at 5 and 10 days after treatment, respectively. Also, the LC50 of thiobencarb in clay soil was decreased from 0.93 to 0.41 and from 55.28 to 10.65 at 5 and 10 days, respectively. In general, a positive relation was recorded between the tested pesticide toxicity on earthworm and concentrations, and also exposure time. Fenitrothion was more toxic on earthworm in contact filter paper test than thiobencarb. While, in clay soil, fenitrothion was least toxic to the earthworm in soil mixing test, this could be attributed to the slow degradation in the worms and subsequently less elimination of the metabolites as well as attributed to its higher adsorption and lower desorption in soil.
{"title":"Assessment of the acute toxicity of agrochemicals on earthworm (Aporrectodea caliginosa) using filter paper contact and soil mixing tests","authors":"A. F. El-Aswad, Mohamed R. Fouad, M. Aly","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. El-Aswad AF, Fouad MR, Aly MI. 2023. Assessment of the acute toxicity of agrochemicals on earthworm (Aporrectodea caliginosa) using filter paper contact and soil mixing tests. Asian J Agric 7: 14-19. Earthworms are suitable bioindicators of chemical contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, adult earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa Savigny, 1826), which are common in Egyptian rice fields were used to study the side effects of fenitrothion and thiobencarb. Also, it was used two common Egyptian soil types; alluvial soil (clay soil) and the calcareous soil (sandy clay loam soil). Two tests were used; filter paper contact test at 24, 48 and 72 h, and the soil mixing test at 5 and 10 days. The effect of both pesticides on mortality of earthworm was insignificant at 24 h with a low mortality percentage. LC50 value of fenitrothion and thiobencarb were 83.16, 288.26, 24.67, and 39.98 µg a.i mL-1 at 48 and 72 h, respectively. Based on the LC50 values, fenitrothion was 3.5 and 1.6 times more toxic than thiobencarb at 48 and 72 h, respectively. At 5 and 10 days after treatment, respectively, the LC50 for fenitrothion in the soil mixing test decreased from 334.27 to 55.45 in clay soil and from (415.90) to (25.00) in sandy soil. Regarding to fenitrothion in soil mixing test, the LC50 was reduced from 334.27 to 55.45 in clay soil and from 415.90 to 25.00 in sandy soil at 5 and 10 days after treatment, respectively. Also, the LC50 of thiobencarb in clay soil was decreased from 0.93 to 0.41 and from 55.28 to 10.65 at 5 and 10 days, respectively. In general, a positive relation was recorded between the tested pesticide toxicity on earthworm and concentrations, and also exposure time. Fenitrothion was more toxic on earthworm in contact filter paper test than thiobencarb. While, in clay soil, fenitrothion was least toxic to the earthworm in soil mixing test, this could be attributed to the slow degradation in the worms and subsequently less elimination of the metabolites as well as attributed to its higher adsorption and lower desorption in soil.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86386877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070105
Arsita Prellia, Solichatun Solichatun, A. Pitoyo
Abstract. Prellia A, Solichatun, Pitoyo A. 2023. Induction of drought resistance in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) with osmopriming Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 4000. Asian J Agric 7: 34-46. The bell pepper (C. annuum var. grossum) is an economically valuable chili cultivar. However, in Indonesia, the cultivation of bell peppers is hampered by drought stress. Osmopriming is an alternative method to improve seed quality. That method was used by soaking the seeds in osmoticum solutions, with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as the solution. This research examines the effect of osmopriming with PEG 4000 on the germination and growth of bell pepper seedlings under various drought stressors. In 2020, seeds were collected from ripe bell peppers grown by farmers in Surjo Hamlet, Sukabumi Village, Cepogo Sub-district, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two parameters: PEG concentration and water capacity variations. The concentrations of PEG 4000 utilized were 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/L. The drought stress test is conducted by cultivating primed bell pepper seedlings in planting media with varying water capacities of 100%, 75%, and 50% Space Capacity (SC). Included in the drought group with a moderate stress level is a water capacity of 50% SC. Each treatment was replicated three times. Under drought stress, osmopriming with PEG 4000 accelerated the germination rate and affected seedling growth regarding height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet seedling weight, and shoot-root ratio. However, under drought stress, osmopriming PEG 4000 had no significant effect on the rise in proline and chlorophyll content nor on the decrease in carotenoids and nitrate reductase activity. PEG 150 g/L with 50% SC was ideal for seedling height, leaf number, leaf area, and wet weight, while PEG 100 g/L with 100% SC was optimal for the shoot-root ratio.
{"title":"Induction of drought resistance in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) with osmopriming Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 4000","authors":"Arsita Prellia, Solichatun Solichatun, A. Pitoyo","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Prellia A, Solichatun, Pitoyo A. 2023. Induction of drought resistance in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) with osmopriming Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 4000. Asian J Agric 7: 34-46. The bell pepper (C. annuum var. grossum) is an economically valuable chili cultivar. However, in Indonesia, the cultivation of bell peppers is hampered by drought stress. Osmopriming is an alternative method to improve seed quality. That method was used by soaking the seeds in osmoticum solutions, with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as the solution. This research examines the effect of osmopriming with PEG 4000 on the germination and growth of bell pepper seedlings under various drought stressors. In 2020, seeds were collected from ripe bell peppers grown by farmers in Surjo Hamlet, Sukabumi Village, Cepogo Sub-district, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two parameters: PEG concentration and water capacity variations. The concentrations of PEG 4000 utilized were 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/L. The drought stress test is conducted by cultivating primed bell pepper seedlings in planting media with varying water capacities of 100%, 75%, and 50% Space Capacity (SC). Included in the drought group with a moderate stress level is a water capacity of 50% SC. Each treatment was replicated three times. Under drought stress, osmopriming with PEG 4000 accelerated the germination rate and affected seedling growth regarding height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet seedling weight, and shoot-root ratio. However, under drought stress, osmopriming PEG 4000 had no significant effect on the rise in proline and chlorophyll content nor on the decrease in carotenoids and nitrate reductase activity. PEG 150 g/L with 50% SC was ideal for seedling height, leaf number, leaf area, and wet weight, while PEG 100 g/L with 100% SC was optimal for the shoot-root ratio.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"330 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76368726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070102
R. L. P. Macasambat, Romil J. Tan, Raul E. Margate
Abstract. Macasambat RLP, Tan RJ, Margate RE. 2023. Application of hormones and mechanical treatment on breaking the dormancy of G0 “Granola” (Solanum tuberosum) minitubers in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Asian J Agric 7: 8-14. The study was conducted to identify the best treatment combination for dormancy breaking and sprouting quality for “Granola” minitubers. A comparison was made by wounding and dipping the one-week-old minitubers in different levels of GA3 and BAP (0, 50, and 100 mg/L). Results showed that either 50 or 100 mg/L of GA3 solely influenced the average number of sprouts in minitubers while wounding minitubers highly influenced tuber weight loss by increasing the percent loss in minitubers. In combination with factors such as wounding and 50 mg/L of GA3, it positively influenced the average sprout length, fresh mass of sprouts, and dry mass of sprouts. While the dormancy period and days to dormancy break time (50% minitubers achieved > 2 mm sprout length) were reduced for more than 45 and 50 days, respectively, when factors were combined, such as wounding the minitubers and dipping in the treatment solution having 50 mg/L GA3 and 50 mg/L BAP. The levels of GA3 and BAP (50 and 100 mg/L) showed no significant differences in achieving early dormancy breaking and high sprouting quality in G0 minitubers. Overall, for most of the results in this study, wounding combined with the application of 50 mg/L GA3 was commendable for dormancy breaking and attaining high sprouting quality of “Granola” minitubers.
{"title":"Application of hormones and mechanical treatment on breaking the dormancy of G0 “Granola” (Solanum tuberosum) minitubers in Northern Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"R. L. P. Macasambat, Romil J. Tan, Raul E. Margate","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Macasambat RLP, Tan RJ, Margate RE. 2023. Application of hormones and mechanical treatment on breaking the dormancy of G0 “Granola” (Solanum tuberosum) minitubers in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Asian J Agric 7: 8-14. The study was conducted to identify the best treatment combination for dormancy breaking and sprouting quality for “Granola” minitubers. A comparison was made by wounding and dipping the one-week-old minitubers in different levels of GA3 and BAP (0, 50, and 100 mg/L). Results showed that either 50 or 100 mg/L of GA3 solely influenced the average number of sprouts in minitubers while wounding minitubers highly influenced tuber weight loss by increasing the percent loss in minitubers. In combination with factors such as wounding and 50 mg/L of GA3, it positively influenced the average sprout length, fresh mass of sprouts, and dry mass of sprouts. While the dormancy period and days to dormancy break time (50% minitubers achieved > 2 mm sprout length) were reduced for more than 45 and 50 days, respectively, when factors were combined, such as wounding the minitubers and dipping in the treatment solution having 50 mg/L GA3 and 50 mg/L BAP. The levels of GA3 and BAP (50 and 100 mg/L) showed no significant differences in achieving early dormancy breaking and high sprouting quality in G0 minitubers. Overall, for most of the results in this study, wounding combined with the application of 50 mg/L GA3 was commendable for dormancy breaking and attaining high sprouting quality of “Granola” minitubers.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"300 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78901595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070101
T. Tashi, Tshering Tobgay, Tshering Wangmo, R. Kinley, Sonam Gyeltshen
Abstract. Tashi T, Tobgay T, Wangmo T, Kinley R, Gyeltshen S. 2023. Cropping pattern and intensity in the lower belt of Sarpang District, Bhutan. Asian J Agric 7: 1-6. Information on cropping and farming land use is vital for increasing crop production and identifying production gaps, including planning and investment. Increasing cropping intensity through adopting multiple approaches increases crop production rather than pressure on cropland expansion in many countries. In the case of Bhutan, there is a shortage of information on cropping and its intensity in Bhutan. This study presents the status of cropping patterns and cropping intensity at the household level in the Sarpang District using a multistage random sampling technique. Different forms of multiple cropping practices were recorded in the district but were mostly practiced on a small scale and were intermittent. The rice-based cropping pattern was popular in wetlands, while the maize or vegetable-based cropping pattern predominated in dryland. With an average cropping intensity of 112%, the district had a cropping intensity of 97% and 126% for dryland and wetland, respectively. The landholding size revealed a significant inverse relationship with cropping intensity among farmer characteristics. The district's most serious farming problems were a lack of irrigation water and wildlife crop predation. The study recommends a similar study at the national level and developing appropriate intensification of agricultural land use strategy to minimize pressure on cropland expansion in the future. Similarly, agricultural planning and investment merit assessment of crop diversity, crop production resources, cropping intensity gap, and crop mapping.
{"title":"Cropping pattern and intensity in the lower belt of Sarpang District, Bhutan","authors":"T. Tashi, Tshering Tobgay, Tshering Wangmo, R. Kinley, Sonam Gyeltshen","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tashi T, Tobgay T, Wangmo T, Kinley R, Gyeltshen S. 2023. Cropping pattern and intensity in the lower belt of Sarpang District, Bhutan. Asian J Agric 7: 1-6. Information on cropping and farming land use is vital for increasing crop production and identifying production gaps, including planning and investment. Increasing cropping intensity through adopting multiple approaches increases crop production rather than pressure on cropland expansion in many countries. In the case of Bhutan, there is a shortage of information on cropping and its intensity in Bhutan. This study presents the status of cropping patterns and cropping intensity at the household level in the Sarpang District using a multistage random sampling technique. Different forms of multiple cropping practices were recorded in the district but were mostly practiced on a small scale and were intermittent. The rice-based cropping pattern was popular in wetlands, while the maize or vegetable-based cropping pattern predominated in dryland. With an average cropping intensity of 112%, the district had a cropping intensity of 97% and 126% for dryland and wetland, respectively. The landholding size revealed a significant inverse relationship with cropping intensity among farmer characteristics. The district's most serious farming problems were a lack of irrigation water and wildlife crop predation. The study recommends a similar study at the national level and developing appropriate intensification of agricultural land use strategy to minimize pressure on cropland expansion in the future. Similarly, agricultural planning and investment merit assessment of crop diversity, crop production resources, cropping intensity gap, and crop mapping.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88466288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g060207
I. Daghari, H. Daghari, Ben Khalifa Nihed, Mahmoud Mariem
Abstract. Daghari I, Daghari H, Ben Khalifa N,, Mahmoud M. 2022. Saline irrigation management in field conditions of a semi-arid area in Tunisia. Asian J Agric 6: 103-108. Tunisian saline soils occupy about 25% of the total irrigated area. The irrigated area of ??"Dyiar-Al-Hujjej" in Tunisia was considered because seawater intrusion took place and salinization of the aquifer reached a very high water electrical conductivity value of 15 dS/m in the 90s, which caused many local farmers to abandon land parcels and wells. In addition, salinity has reduced plant growth and water quality, leading to lower crop yields and degradation of stock water reserves. Excess salt affects overall soil health, reducing productivity. It kills plants, leaving bare soil prone to erosion. In this study, the electrical conductivity of the soil under several irrigated crops was evaluated for two soil layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm). Follow-up surveys of agricultural practices have shown that the irrigation water's quality has a considerable effect on the soil's electrical conductivity and, therefore, on the choice of crops. We also showed that crop rotation is a practice done by farmers to maintain and improve soil fertility by utilizing soil nutrient losses due to salinization. This study can be the basis of a valuation to allow farmers to have the best cultural practices to fight the salinization of their soils.
{"title":"Saline irrigation management in field conditions of a semi-arid area in Tunisia","authors":"I. Daghari, H. Daghari, Ben Khalifa Nihed, Mahmoud Mariem","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Daghari I, Daghari H, Ben Khalifa N,, Mahmoud M. 2022. Saline irrigation management in field conditions of a semi-arid area in Tunisia. Asian J Agric 6: 103-108. Tunisian saline soils occupy about 25% of the total irrigated area. The irrigated area of ??\"Dyiar-Al-Hujjej\" in Tunisia was considered because seawater intrusion took place and salinization of the aquifer reached a very high water electrical conductivity value of 15 dS/m in the 90s, which caused many local farmers to abandon land parcels and wells. In addition, salinity has reduced plant growth and water quality, leading to lower crop yields and degradation of stock water reserves. Excess salt affects overall soil health, reducing productivity. It kills plants, leaving bare soil prone to erosion. In this study, the electrical conductivity of the soil under several irrigated crops was evaluated for two soil layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm). Follow-up surveys of agricultural practices have shown that the irrigation water's quality has a considerable effect on the soil's electrical conductivity and, therefore, on the choice of crops. We also showed that crop rotation is a practice done by farmers to maintain and improve soil fertility by utilizing soil nutrient losses due to salinization. This study can be the basis of a valuation to allow farmers to have the best cultural practices to fight the salinization of their soils.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88186845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g060206
Dharmendra K. Yadav, A. Adhikari, Babita Dhuingana, H. Gurung, Nabaraj Khatri, Shishir Pandit
Abstract. Yadav D, Adhikari A, Dhuingana B, Gurung H, Khatri N, Pandit S. 2022. In-vitro efficacy of Trichoderma isolates on Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot of chili. Asian J Agric 6: 97-102. The experiment was conducted in the Nepal polytechnic institute plant pathology laboratory to study the in-vitro efficacy of Trichoderma isolates on Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. collar of chili, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal by dual culture technique. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The Trichoderma isolates, namely Kapilvastu isolate, Kavre isolates, Salyan isolates, Lalitpur isolates, and Taplejung isolates, were used in the experiment. The mycelium growth was measured at 2 DAI, 4 DAI, 6 DAI, 8 DAI, and 10 DAI. Also, the number of sclerotia, days to sclerotia, and width of the browning area at the interception region of interception were measured in 10 DAI. All the Trichoderma isolates significantly affect mycelium growth and the number of sclerotia formed. Among all the Trichoderma isolates, Kavre isolates show a good result with (74.44%) followed by Salyan isolates (74.22%) and Lalitpur isolates (73.55%) inhibition in the mycelium growth and several sclerotia (9.6~10) also formed. The lowest number of sclerotia was observed in Salyan isolates, which was three days, followed by Kapilvastu isolate, i.e., 20 days. The antagonist Kavre isolate can be used as a bio-control agent against S. rolfsii of chili in Nepal.
{"title":"In-vitro efficacy of Trichoderma isolates on Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot of chili","authors":"Dharmendra K. Yadav, A. Adhikari, Babita Dhuingana, H. Gurung, Nabaraj Khatri, Shishir Pandit","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Yadav D, Adhikari A, Dhuingana B, Gurung H, Khatri N, Pandit S. 2022. In-vitro efficacy of Trichoderma isolates on Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot of chili. Asian J Agric 6: 97-102. The experiment was conducted in the Nepal polytechnic institute plant pathology laboratory to study the in-vitro efficacy of Trichoderma isolates on Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. collar of chili, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal by dual culture technique. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The Trichoderma isolates, namely Kapilvastu isolate, Kavre isolates, Salyan isolates, Lalitpur isolates, and Taplejung isolates, were used in the experiment. The mycelium growth was measured at 2 DAI, 4 DAI, 6 DAI, 8 DAI, and 10 DAI. Also, the number of sclerotia, days to sclerotia, and width of the browning area at the interception region of interception were measured in 10 DAI. All the Trichoderma isolates significantly affect mycelium growth and the number of sclerotia formed. Among all the Trichoderma isolates, Kavre isolates show a good result with (74.44%) followed by Salyan isolates (74.22%) and Lalitpur isolates (73.55%) inhibition in the mycelium growth and several sclerotia (9.6~10) also formed. The lowest number of sclerotia was observed in Salyan isolates, which was three days, followed by Kapilvastu isolate, i.e., 20 days. The antagonist Kavre isolate can be used as a bio-control agent against S. rolfsii of chili in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79631848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g060205
Rodel D. Orejudos, Jeannie U. Duka, A. A. Baladjay
Abstract. Orejudos RD, Duka JU, Baladjay AA. 2022. Factors influencing smallholder cardava banana farmers' participation in collective marketing in Southern Philippines. Asian J Agric 6: 87-96. Cardava banana farming is a good source of living for smallholder rural farmers in Cotabato province in the Southern Philippines, but they are often faced with constraints in finding the right buyers and good prices. This research examined the factors influencing smallholder cardava banana farmers' participation in collective marketing in the Southern Philippines. The data from 172 respondents were gathered using a pre-tested survey questionnaire. Means, Percentages, and linear regression analysis were used to address the study's objectives. The study results established that smallholder cardava banana farmers' participation in collective marketing is predominantly determined by household size, price, and payment scheme. In addition, they are also determined by the delivery schedule, distance to the market, access to extension services, access to production inputs, access to credit assistance, access to market information, and membership in farmers' organizations. This study's findings offer empirical evidence that socio-economic, market,- and institutional factors can influence the participation of smallholder cardava banana farmers in collective marketing.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g060204
J. R. N. Labajo, Myrna G. Pabiona
Abstract. Labajo JRN, Pabiona MG. 2022. Physical and chemical properties of soil on selected sugarcane farms in Mt. Nebo, Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines. Asian J Agric 6: 79-86. The study was conducted to determine soil's physical and chemical properties on selected sugarcane farms in Mt. Nebo, Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines. Soil samples were collected from 24 different sugarcane farms planted with sugarcane following Sloven's Formula for farm selection. Soil samples were collected from August 2018 to April 2019, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined at SPAL, CMU, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines. Soil texture and percent Water Holding Capacity (%WHC) soil of the sugarcane farms were clayey textured, with %WHC ranging from 54.24-76.30% and bulk Density (BD) and Particle Density (PD) values ranging from 1.05-1.31 Mg m-3 (BD) and 2.28-2.41 Mg m-3, which is ideal for growing sugarcane. Soil samples collected were categorized as medium acidic, marginal in soil organic matter content (SOMC), extractable phosphorus (P) was very deficient, and low on exchangeable potassium (K). That implies these sugarcane farms need soil amendments to meet sugarcane's desired nutrient and pH requirements. Therefore, the sugarcane farms in Mt. Nebo, Valencia City, Bukidnon are required to apply 1.64-7.04 Mg ha-1 of lime and a recommendation rate of 80-200 kg ha-1 Nitrogen (N), 200-500 kg ha-1 of Phosphorus (P), and 170-200 kg ha-1 potassium (K). Moreover, a soil fertility map is necessary to classify and group the delineated soils into map units and capture soil property information to interpret and depict soil spatial distribution on a map.
摘要Labajo JRN, Pabiona MG。2022. 菲律宾布基农巴伦西亚市尼波山选定甘蔗农场土壤的物理和化学性质农业学报，6(6):79-86。本研究旨在确定菲律宾布基农巴伦西亚市Nebo山选定甘蔗农场土壤的物理和化学性质。土壤样本从24个不同的甘蔗农场收集，这些农场种植的甘蔗遵循斯洛文公式进行农场选择。于2018年8月至2019年4月采集土壤样品，并在菲律宾Bukidnon, Musuan, Maramag, SPAL, CMU，土壤物理和化学性质进行了测定。甘蔗农田土壤质地和持水率(%WHC)为粘土质地，%WHC为54.24 ~ 76.30%，容重(BD)和颗粒密度(PD)分别为1.05 ~ 1.31 Mg m-3和2.28 ~ 2.41 Mg m-3，适合甘蔗种植。土壤样品呈中等酸性，土壤有机质含量(SOMC)处于边缘，可提取磷(P)非常缺乏，交换钾(K)较低，这表明这些甘蔗农场需要土壤改质以满足甘蔗所需的养分和pH要求。因此，布基农巴伦西亚市Nebo山甘蔗田的石灰用量为1.64-7.04 Mg ha-1，氮肥推荐用量为80-200 kg ha-1，磷推荐用量为200-500 kg ha-1，钾推荐用量为170-200 kg ha-1。此外，还需要绘制土壤肥力图，对所圈定的土壤进行分类和分组，获取土壤属性信息，在地图上解释和描绘土壤的空间分布。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g060203
G. Eagleton
Abstract. Eagleton GE. 2022. A daylength-neutral winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) for Southern Australian latitudes. Asian J Agric 6: 68-78. In the summer of 2019, on the central coast of NSW, Australia (at Latitude 34°S), an early-maturing genotype of the tropical legume crop, winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.), was detected among a range of late-maturing accessions. The performance of this accession, MY0-01 from Bago in Myanmar, was evaluated in staked plots alongside one other accession from Myanmar and two from the island of New Guinea planted on three successive occasions between October and late November 2020 in a split-plot experiment. Across the three planting dates, the mean number of days from planting to the first open flower for MYO-01 ranged from 68 to 82 + s.e. 3.2 compared with a range of 119 to 167 for the other three accessions. The mean accumulated seed yield of MYO-01 obtained from the October planting equated to 3.1 t ha-1, but by the third planting in late November, the yield was only half as much. Among the four accessions, MYO-01 was second in the amount of lower stem branching and tuber yield, with the smallest pods and hardest seeds. Hard seededness creates difficulties for germination and plant establishment and is a limitation in MYO-01, as are its small pods, which lowers its potential for vegetable production. Investigating genetic control of photoperiod insensitivity in MYO-01 and combining the ability for pod and seed characteristics is relevant to sub-tropical latitudes and for developing stable early maturity cultivars for the tropics.
摘要伊格尔顿通用电气。2022. 一种产于南澳大利亚纬度的昼长中性的有翅豆(四角豆属)。农业学报，6:68-78。2019年夏天，在澳大利亚新南威尔士州中部海岸(北纬34°S)，热带豆类作物翼豆(Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.))的早熟基因型DC.)，在一系列晚熟品种中检测到。在分块试验中，于2020年10月至11月下旬连续三次种植的另一种来自缅甸的稻种和两种来自新几内亚岛的稻种，以及来自缅甸的稻种MY0-01的表现进行了评估。在三个种植日期内，MYO-01从种植到第一朵花的平均天数为68至82 + s.e.3.2，而其他三个品种的平均天数为119至167天。10月种植的MYO-01平均累计种子产量为3.1 t ha-1，但到11月下旬第三次种植时，产量仅为其一半。在4个材料中，MYO-01的茎分枝量和块茎产量次之，荚果最小，种子最硬。硬种子给萌发和植株建立造成困难，这是MYO-01的限制，它的小豆荚也降低了它的蔬菜生产潜力。研究MYO-01光周期不敏感的遗传控制，结合豆荚和种子性状的能力，与亚热带纬度有关，对培育稳定的热带早熟品种具有重要意义。
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