Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g050205
A. Ghosh, Soumya Majumder, S. Saha, S. Chakraborty, M. Bhattacharya
Abstract. Ghosh A, Majumder S, Saha S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya M. 2021. Leaves and bark of Albizia shade trees in tea plantation show both insect attractant and pesticidal properties: a GC-MS based investigation. Asian J Agric 5: 84-89. Tea is the major plantation crop of sub-Himalayan region. The bushes are grown under a partial canopy cover of leguminous plants to protect them from scorching sun rays. The shade plants are primarily beneficial but attract several pests. Metabolites present in four Albizia trees were detected by GC-MS, and insect attracting and/or repelling phytochemicals were pointed out. A total of thirty-two compounds exhibiting semiochemical properties were detected. 15.84%, 2.52%, 2.61% of semiochemicals are exclusively present in leaves of Albizia odoratissima, Albizia chinensis, and Albizia procera. While in bark 10.73% and 13.35% semiochemicals were exclusively present in Albizia odoratissima and Albizia lebbeck. A total of nine semiochemicals are exclusively present in AO, out of which seven semiochemicals viz., caryophyllene, epoxide; longiborneol; longifolene; methyl linolenate; methyl linoleate; methyl cis-jasmonate; tonalid are present in leaf and five semiochemicals viz. longiborneol; methyl cis-jasmonate; camphor; isopropyl myristate; tonalid are present in bark. A total of five semiochemicals viz. alpha-santalol; bisabolol oxide A; gamma-Sitosterol; glycidyl oleate (as oleic acid); oleoyl chloride (as oleic acid) are found exclusively in the bark of Albizia lebbeck. There were only three semiochemicals that were exclusively found in the leaf of AC, these were 2-decen-1-ol; cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methyl ethyl); acetophenone. In the leaf of AP, a total of five semiochemicals were found to be exclusive, these being dehydro-beta-ionone; oleamide; beta-amyrin; isopropyl linoleate; stigmasterol. GC-MS analysis explored metabolites from shade trees like caryophyllene, epoxide; beta-amyrin; 1, 8-cineol etc. which serve as both attractant and pesticidal components while compounds like longiborneol; longifolene; linalyl acetate, etc. are exclusively pest attractants and compounds like isopropyl myristate are exclusive pest repellants. This cumulative property of shade trees can be utilized to trap insect pests and destroy them with pesticidal activity. Isolation of these metabolites from shade trees, and their utilization as semiochemical/pheromone trap and green pesticides, will control pests by eco-friendly measures along with reducing the production cost.
{"title":"Leaves and barks of Albizia shade trees in tea plantation shows both insect attractant and pesticidal properties: a GC-MS based investigation","authors":"A. Ghosh, Soumya Majumder, S. Saha, S. Chakraborty, M. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g050205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g050205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ghosh A, Majumder S, Saha S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya M. 2021. Leaves and bark of Albizia shade trees in tea plantation show both insect attractant and pesticidal properties: a GC-MS based investigation. Asian J Agric 5: 84-89. Tea is the major plantation crop of sub-Himalayan region. The bushes are grown under a partial canopy cover of leguminous plants to protect them from scorching sun rays. The shade plants are primarily beneficial but attract several pests. Metabolites present in four Albizia trees were detected by GC-MS, and insect attracting and/or repelling phytochemicals were pointed out. A total of thirty-two compounds exhibiting semiochemical properties were detected. 15.84%, 2.52%, 2.61% of semiochemicals are exclusively present in leaves of Albizia odoratissima, Albizia chinensis, and Albizia procera. While in bark 10.73% and 13.35% semiochemicals were exclusively present in Albizia odoratissima and Albizia lebbeck. A total of nine semiochemicals are exclusively present in AO, out of which seven semiochemicals viz., caryophyllene, epoxide; longiborneol; longifolene; methyl linolenate; methyl linoleate; methyl cis-jasmonate; tonalid are present in leaf and five semiochemicals viz. longiborneol; methyl cis-jasmonate; camphor; isopropyl myristate; tonalid are present in bark. A total of five semiochemicals viz. alpha-santalol; bisabolol oxide A; gamma-Sitosterol; glycidyl oleate (as oleic acid); oleoyl chloride (as oleic acid) are found exclusively in the bark of Albizia lebbeck. There were only three semiochemicals that were exclusively found in the leaf of AC, these were 2-decen-1-ol; cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methyl ethyl); acetophenone. In the leaf of AP, a total of five semiochemicals were found to be exclusive, these being dehydro-beta-ionone; oleamide; beta-amyrin; isopropyl linoleate; stigmasterol. GC-MS analysis explored metabolites from shade trees like caryophyllene, epoxide; beta-amyrin; 1, 8-cineol etc. which serve as both attractant and pesticidal components while compounds like longiborneol; longifolene; linalyl acetate, etc. are exclusively pest attractants and compounds like isopropyl myristate are exclusive pest repellants. This cumulative property of shade trees can be utilized to trap insect pests and destroy them with pesticidal activity. Isolation of these metabolites from shade trees, and their utilization as semiochemical/pheromone trap and green pesticides, will control pests by eco-friendly measures along with reducing the production cost.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76970148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g050204
Awoke Melak, H. Kenfo, Tesfalem Aseged, Abebe Hailu
Abstract. Melak A, Kenfo H, Aseged T, Hailu A. 2021. Production system and breeding practice of indigenous chickens in selected districts of Dawro zone and Konta special district, Southern Ethiopia. Asian J Agric 5: 72-83. This study was conducted to understand the production system, breeding practices, selection criteria, and production constraints of chickens to have a baseline for future production strategies in the study area. The data was collected through individual interviews, focus group discussions, and personal observations. A semi-structured questionnaire using Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelines was used to avail the views of the respondents. Based on chicken population, production potential, and road accessibility, a total of 90 households from six kebeles were considered for an individual interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0 and an index was calculated for all ranked variables like the importance of livestock, purpose of keeping chicken, selection criteria, culling criteria, and constraints of chicken production. The index value of meat production and income generation in midland agroecology were 0.28 and 0.26 respectively. Also, the index value of income generation and meat production in lowland agroecology were 0.31 and 0.25 respectively. It is concluded that both female and male chickens are maintained mainly for income generation followed by meat sources. A variable that was given a higher priority in breeding selection was body size and health conditions, for male and female chickens respectively. Most of the respondents select their breeding hen in health, egg production, and age with an index value of 0.44 and 0.36 and 0.15 respectively; while their breeding cock in body size, disease resistance, and color with an index value of 0.36, 0.29, and 0.28 respectively. Disease and predators were the major constraints of chicken production mentioned in the study area. Therefore, addressing these constraints is important to design a successful genetic improvement scheme.
{"title":"Production system and breeding practice of indigenous chickens in selected districts of Dawro zone and Konta special district, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Awoke Melak, H. Kenfo, Tesfalem Aseged, Abebe Hailu","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g050204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g050204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Melak A, Kenfo H, Aseged T, Hailu A. 2021. Production system and breeding practice of indigenous chickens in selected districts of Dawro zone and Konta special district, Southern Ethiopia. Asian J Agric 5: 72-83. This study was conducted to understand the production system, breeding practices, selection criteria, and production constraints of chickens to have a baseline for future production strategies in the study area. The data was collected through individual interviews, focus group discussions, and personal observations. A semi-structured questionnaire using Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelines was used to avail the views of the respondents. Based on chicken population, production potential, and road accessibility, a total of 90 households from six kebeles were considered for an individual interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0 and an index was calculated for all ranked variables like the importance of livestock, purpose of keeping chicken, selection criteria, culling criteria, and constraints of chicken production. The index value of meat production and income generation in midland agroecology were 0.28 and 0.26 respectively. Also, the index value of income generation and meat production in lowland agroecology were 0.31 and 0.25 respectively. It is concluded that both female and male chickens are maintained mainly for income generation followed by meat sources. A variable that was given a higher priority in breeding selection was body size and health conditions, for male and female chickens respectively. Most of the respondents select their breeding hen in health, egg production, and age with an index value of 0.44 and 0.36 and 0.15 respectively; while their breeding cock in body size, disease resistance, and color with an index value of 0.36, 0.29, and 0.28 respectively. Disease and predators were the major constraints of chicken production mentioned in the study area. Therefore, addressing these constraints is important to design a successful genetic improvement scheme.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72403682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g050203
Taofeek T. Adegboyega, M. Abberton, Abdelaziz H. ABDELGADIR2, Dianda Mahamadi, Oyatomi Olaniyi, S. Ofodile, O. Babalola
Abstract. Adegboyega TT, Abberton MT, Abdelgadir AH, Mahamadi D, Olaniyi OA, Ofodile S, Babalola OO. 2021. Variation in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) growth parameters, seed yield, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation. Asian J Agric 5: 61-71. Underutilized legumes are widely distributed in tropical agriculture and associated with low yield. Thus they have not really been fully explored due to lack of research investment, breeding programs targeting crop improvement, marketing, and low awareness of nutritional benefits. This study was conducted to determine the variation in growth parameters, seed yield, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) germplasms. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variances were observed in traits evaluated. The combined analysis of variance for five variables of 25-winged bean accessions showed that replication by year interaction was statistically significant (p ? 0.0001) for nodule parameters and dry shoot weight while it was not significant (p = > 0.05) for dry root weight, and total biomass. Significant variations (p = ? 0.05) were observed among the accessions on some growth parameters. The genetic variability of winged beans could be carefully exploited to provide higher grain yield, as well as other economic and important traits to boost food security and conservation of the plant genetic materials.
{"title":"Variation in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) growth parameters, seed yield, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation","authors":"Taofeek T. Adegboyega, M. Abberton, Abdelaziz H. ABDELGADIR2, Dianda Mahamadi, Oyatomi Olaniyi, S. Ofodile, O. Babalola","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g050203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g050203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Adegboyega TT, Abberton MT, Abdelgadir AH, Mahamadi D, Olaniyi OA, Ofodile S, Babalola OO. 2021. Variation in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) growth parameters, seed yield, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation. Asian J Agric 5: 61-71. Underutilized legumes are widely distributed in tropical agriculture and associated with low yield. Thus they have not really been fully explored due to lack of research investment, breeding programs targeting crop improvement, marketing, and low awareness of nutritional benefits. This study was conducted to determine the variation in growth parameters, seed yield, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) germplasms. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variances were observed in traits evaluated. The combined analysis of variance for five variables of 25-winged bean accessions showed that replication by year interaction was statistically significant (p ? 0.0001) for nodule parameters and dry shoot weight while it was not significant (p = > 0.05) for dry root weight, and total biomass. Significant variations (p = ? 0.05) were observed among the accessions on some growth parameters. The genetic variability of winged beans could be carefully exploited to provide higher grain yield, as well as other economic and important traits to boost food security and conservation of the plant genetic materials.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85899383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g050202
H. Tran, S. Nathan, Amri Ilmma, Maria Burkiewicz, Dewa Gede Karma Wisana
Abstract. Tran HTM, Nathan S, Ilmma A, Burkiewicz M, Wisana IDGK. 2021. Identifying limiting factors for feasible productivity improvement for smallholder farmers in coffee sector in Indonesia. Asian J Agric 5: 53-60. Coffee is a global commodity with significant value-addition and export potential for producing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the important factors associated with increasing yields. Rather than prescribing theoretical solutions, our research purpose was to examine the prevailing agricultural practices that are used in the region and identify the top three factors that have a significant impact on yields. Using advanced data collection methods and controlling for regional characteristics and various farming practices, we found that higher yield was associated with the application of fertilizer, higher tree density, and shade level. The application of fertilizer was associated with an increase in yield of 98 kg/ha for Arabica and 124 kg/ha for Robusta. At the optimal density ranges, a higher yield can be obtained with the increase of trees. Lastly, the level of shade was negatively associated with yield for Arabica, but no significant difference was observed for Robusta. We found a lot of headroom to increase the yield, as the current fertilizer application was low especially for Robusta, a mismatch between optimum tree density for both Arabica and Robusta, and opportunities for better shade management to increase yield potential.
{"title":"Identifying limiting factors for feasible productivity improvement for smallholder farmers in coffee sector in Indonesia","authors":"H. Tran, S. Nathan, Amri Ilmma, Maria Burkiewicz, Dewa Gede Karma Wisana","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g050202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g050202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tran HTM, Nathan S, Ilmma A, Burkiewicz M, Wisana IDGK. 2021. Identifying limiting factors for feasible productivity improvement for smallholder farmers in coffee sector in Indonesia. Asian J Agric 5: 53-60. Coffee is a global commodity with significant value-addition and export potential for producing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the important factors associated with increasing yields. Rather than prescribing theoretical solutions, our research purpose was to examine the prevailing agricultural practices that are used in the region and identify the top three factors that have a significant impact on yields. Using advanced data collection methods and controlling for regional characteristics and various farming practices, we found that higher yield was associated with the application of fertilizer, higher tree density, and shade level. The application of fertilizer was associated with an increase in yield of 98 kg/ha for Arabica and 124 kg/ha for Robusta. At the optimal density ranges, a higher yield can be obtained with the increase of trees. Lastly, the level of shade was negatively associated with yield for Arabica, but no significant difference was observed for Robusta. We found a lot of headroom to increase the yield, as the current fertilizer application was low especially for Robusta, a mismatch between optimum tree density for both Arabica and Robusta, and opportunities for better shade management to increase yield potential.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89608968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g050201
Harish Prajapati
Abstract. Prajapati HR. 2021. Use of duality theory in organic farming: evidence from India. Asian J Agric 5: 45-52. The duality analysis provides an alternative way for solving the problem of cost minimization. In this method, a specified suitable cost function has been used as an objective function with certain constraints, rather than using production functions. In duality theory, both cost and profit functions are used as an objective function under a well-defined production technology along with related behavioral assumptions. This paper has applied translog cost function as an objective function under certain input constraints for the estimation of five input parameters viz. Land, Labor, Capital, Machinery, and Irrigation based on field survey data of 284 organic and non-organic wheat producers in four rain-fed districts of Gujarat. Based on these parameters, all inputs price elasticity and elasticity of input substitution have been calculated using Iterated Smilingly Unrelated Regression Equations (ISURE) method of estimation. The results of the estimation, for both organic and non-organic farms, have found both positive and negative signs as was expected theoretically but the value is not significant.
{"title":"Review: Use of duality theory in organic farming: Evidence from India","authors":"Harish Prajapati","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g050201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g050201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Prajapati HR. 2021. Use of duality theory in organic farming: evidence from India. Asian J Agric 5: 45-52. The duality analysis provides an alternative way for solving the problem of cost minimization. In this method, a specified suitable cost function has been used as an objective function with certain constraints, rather than using production functions. In duality theory, both cost and profit functions are used as an objective function under a well-defined production technology along with related behavioral assumptions. This paper has applied translog cost function as an objective function under certain input constraints for the estimation of five input parameters viz. Land, Labor, Capital, Machinery, and Irrigation based on field survey data of 284 organic and non-organic wheat producers in four rain-fed districts of Gujarat. Based on these parameters, all inputs price elasticity and elasticity of input substitution have been calculated using Iterated Smilingly Unrelated Regression Equations (ISURE) method of estimation. The results of the estimation, for both organic and non-organic farms, have found both positive and negative signs as was expected theoretically but the value is not significant.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84310617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-21DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050106
S. Weerakoon, S. Somaratne
Abstract. Weerakoon SR, Somaratne S. 2021. Genetic diversity of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations in Sri Lanka: An application of Self Organizing Map (SOM). Asian J Agric 5: 35-43. Weedy rice (WR) (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) has become a major threat in rice cultivation. Discrimination of WR from cultivated rice is difficult since agro-morphology of WR and cultivated rice are overlapping. Molecular markers are useful and can be an informative tool for estimating genetic diversity and relationships in closely related WR eco-types. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) is an interesting and promising classification tool employing an innovative and data-driven classification method based on unsupervised artificial neural networks. The present study focused on exploring the potential use of SOM to classify WR populations of different eco-climatic zones in Sri Lanka using agro-morphological and molecular data. Separate SOMs for each set of variables, agro-morphological and molecular data were developed. The best SOM was chosen based on the error performance. Findings of SOM analyses showed that certain morphological characters (seedling height, leaf blade width, leaf blade length, culm strength, panicle shattering, seed coat color and leaf angle) and certain molecular characters detected from SSR primers (RM 11, RM 21, RM 14, and RM 280) are important in separation of different WR eco-types satisfactorily. SOM clustering of cultivated, wild, and WR eco-types indicated specific patterns of grouping with respect to climatic conditions of the country. WR eco-types in dry zone and wet zone of the country are closely related to Oryza nivara and O. rufipogon respectively.
摘要苏玛拉特尼。2021。斯里兰卡杂草稻(Oryza sativa f. spontanea)居群遗传多样性:自组织图谱(SOM)的应用。农业学报，5:35-43。杂草稻(Oryza sativa f. spontanea)已成为水稻种植的主要威胁。WR与栽培稻的农业形态存在重叠，因此很难从栽培稻中进行区分。分子标记是一种有用的信息工具，可用于估计密切相关的WR生态型的遗传多样性和关系。自组织地图(SOM)是一种基于无监督人工神经网络的创新的数据驱动分类方法，是一种有趣且有前途的分类工具。本研究的重点是探索SOM在斯里兰卡利用农业形态学和分子数据对不同生态气候带的野生动物种群进行分类的潜力。为每组变量开发了单独的SOMs，农业形态和分子数据。根据误差性能选择最佳SOM。SOM分析结果表明，从SSR引物(RM 11、RM 21、RM 14和RM 280)中检测到的某些形态特征(幼苗高度、叶片宽度、叶片长度、茎秆强度、穗裂、种皮颜色和叶片角度)和某些分子特征(RM 11、RM 21、RM 14和RM 280)对不同生态类型的WR分离具有重要意义。栽培、野生和野生生态类型的SOM聚类显示了与该国气候条件相关的特定分组模式。旱区和湿区WR生态类型分别与水稻(Oryza nivara)和水稻(O. rufipogon)密切相关。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations in Sri Lanka: An application of Self Organizing Map (SOM)","authors":"S. Weerakoon, S. Somaratne","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Weerakoon SR, Somaratne S. 2021. Genetic diversity of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations in Sri Lanka: An application of Self Organizing Map (SOM). Asian J Agric 5: 35-43. Weedy rice (WR) (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) has become a major threat in rice cultivation. Discrimination of WR from cultivated rice is difficult since agro-morphology of WR and cultivated rice are overlapping. Molecular markers are useful and can be an informative tool for estimating genetic diversity and relationships in closely related WR eco-types. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) is an interesting and promising classification tool employing an innovative and data-driven classification method based on unsupervised artificial neural networks. The present study focused on exploring the potential use of SOM to classify WR populations of different eco-climatic zones in Sri Lanka using agro-morphological and molecular data. Separate SOMs for each set of variables, agro-morphological and molecular data were developed. The best SOM was chosen based on the error performance. Findings of SOM analyses showed that certain morphological characters (seedling height, leaf blade width, leaf blade length, culm strength, panicle shattering, seed coat color and leaf angle) and certain molecular characters detected from SSR primers (RM 11, RM 21, RM 14, and RM 280) are important in separation of different WR eco-types satisfactorily. SOM clustering of cultivated, wild, and WR eco-types indicated specific patterns of grouping with respect to climatic conditions of the country. WR eco-types in dry zone and wet zone of the country are closely related to Oryza nivara and O. rufipogon respectively.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89364557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-16DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050105
Vijantie R. R. Awadhpersad, L. Ori, A. Ansari
Abstract. Awadhpersad VRR, Ori L, Ansari A. 2021. Production and effect of vermiwash singly and in combination with vermicompost on the growth, development, and productivity of tomatoes in the greenhouse in Suriname. Asian J Agric 5: 29-34. In Suriname farmers often largely rely on high inputs of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to achieve high yield. To overcome this, sustainable agriculture seeks to introduce agricultural practices that are environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially supportive. In the present study, the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash and in combination was evaluated on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the greenhouse. The experiment was a Randomized Block Design with four treatments and three replications. The growth parameters were measured for plant height, shoot wet and dry weight, root weight, and length, and yield in terms of the number of fruits and fruit weight. The produced vermiwash was a brownish colored liquid and had all the essential macro and micro plant nutrients, which indicates an environmentally friendly enriched nutrient liquid fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. The research results at harvest time indicated that the plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, root weight, root density, root length, yield and fruit weight were higher for the plants treated with a combination of vermicompost and vermiwash. It was also noted that the flowering and fruiting ratio were significantly enhanced by application of vermiwash as a foliar spray. The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (50 g + 50 mL) significantly (p < 0.05) resulted in the highest yielding plants, followed by vermiwash (100 mL) and vermicompost (100 g).
摘要王建军，李建军，李建军，等。苏里南温室番茄的生产及单独和与蚯蚓堆肥混合使用对番茄生长发育和生产力的影响。农业学报，5:29-34。在苏里南，农民往往主要依靠大量投入合成肥料和杀虫剂来实现高产。为了克服这一问题，可持续农业寻求采用无害环境、经济上可行和支持社会的农业做法。本研究评价了蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓洗及混用对温室番茄生长和产量的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，4个处理，3个重复。以株高、地上部干湿重、根重和根长为生长参数，以果数和果重为产量指标。所制得的蚯蚓浆呈褐色，具有植物必需的宏观和微观营养成分，是一种环境友好型的可持续农业富营养化液体肥料。收获时的研究结果表明，蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓洗组合处理的植株株高、茎干鲜重、根重、根密度、根长、产量和果实重均较高。此外，叶面喷施蚯蚓水可显著提高开花和结果率。蚯蚓堆肥和蚯蚓洗(50 g + 50 mL)组合的植株产量最高(p < 0.05)，其次是蚯蚓洗(100 mL)和蚯蚓堆肥(100 g)。
{"title":"Production and effect of vermiwash singly and in combination with vermicompost on the growth, development and productivity of tomato in the greenhouse in Suriname","authors":"Vijantie R. R. Awadhpersad, L. Ori, A. Ansari","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Awadhpersad VRR, Ori L, Ansari A. 2021. Production and effect of vermiwash singly and in combination with vermicompost on the growth, development, and productivity of tomatoes in the greenhouse in Suriname. Asian J Agric 5: 29-34. In Suriname farmers often largely rely on high inputs of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to achieve high yield. To overcome this, sustainable agriculture seeks to introduce agricultural practices that are environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially supportive. In the present study, the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash and in combination was evaluated on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the greenhouse. The experiment was a Randomized Block Design with four treatments and three replications. The growth parameters were measured for plant height, shoot wet and dry weight, root weight, and length, and yield in terms of the number of fruits and fruit weight. The produced vermiwash was a brownish colored liquid and had all the essential macro and micro plant nutrients, which indicates an environmentally friendly enriched nutrient liquid fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. The research results at harvest time indicated that the plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, root weight, root density, root length, yield and fruit weight were higher for the plants treated with a combination of vermicompost and vermiwash. It was also noted that the flowering and fruiting ratio were significantly enhanced by application of vermiwash as a foliar spray. The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (50 g + 50 mL) significantly (p < 0.05) resulted in the highest yielding plants, followed by vermiwash (100 mL) and vermicompost (100 g).","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72483839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-02DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050104
K. Debache
Abstract. Debache K. 2021. Growth performance of novel food based on mixture of boiled-dried granulated Tenebrio molitor larvae and date-fruit waste in broiler chicken farming. Asian J Agric 5: 22-28. The present study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of a new diet based on mixture of boiled-dried granulated Tenebrio molitor larvae (Tm) and date-fruit waste (Dw) in broiler chicken diet. A total of 56 two-day old broilers were randomly allotted to 4 dietary groups each with 2 replicates consisting of 7 broilers (C1, C2, Diet1 and Diet2). Equal mixture of three commercial cereal-based diets (chick starter feed, chick grower feed, and chick finisher feed) was formulated. The first control (C1) was 100% the commercial mixture. Second control (C2) is obtained by mixing 50% commercial mixture with 50% Dw. While the other groups (Diet1 and Diet2) were formulated by adding three ingredients at different proportions: 50% commercial mixture: 40% Dw: 10% Tm (Diet1) and 50% commercial mixture: 10% Dw: 40% Tm (Diet2). After the evaluation of daily body weight, clinical signs, specific growth rate and other clinical tests, the chickens were slaughtered at 60 days. Hematological, biochemical, copro-parasitological, and bacterial investigations were performed based on samples taken day 60. Weight gain of broilers fed with Diet1 was almost like broilers fed with first control (C1) diet. However, those fed with Diet2 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than all other dietary groups (C1, C2 and Diet1). Hematological and serum biochemical traits showed no dietary adverse effect, and copro-parasitological diagnosis was negative in all different dietary groups. Moreover, similar microbial communities were detected in digestive system parts of the same animal, no matter in relation to Tm inclusion or no. In conclusion, the overall results collected in this current study propose that date-fruit waste could be used as an exclusive feed for T. molitor insect rearing and dietary inclusion of mixture Dw-Tm into broilers meal could become a partial substitute for commercialized cereal-based diet without affecting the health of broilers.
摘要Debache K. 2021。煮干颗粒状黄粉虫幼虫与枣果渣混合饲料在肉鸡养殖中的生长性能农业学报，5:22-28。本试验旨在研究在肉鸡饲粮中添加煮干颗粒状黄粉虫幼虫(Tm)和枣果渣(Dw)的生长性能。试验选用56只2日龄肉仔鸡，随机分为4个饲粮组，每组2个重复，每组7只鸡(C1、C2、饲粮1和饲粮2)。配制了3种商用谷物基础饲粮(鸡初级饲料、鸡生长饲料和鸡育肥猪饲料)的等量混合物。第一个对照(C1)为100%的商品混合物。第二个控制(C2)是通过将50%的商品混合物与50%的Dw混合得到的。其余各组(饲粮1和饲粮2)分别按不同比例添加50%商品混合物:40%饲料重:10% Tm(饲粮1)和50%商品混合物:10%饲料重:40% Tm(饲粮2)。经评价日体重、临床体征、特定生长率等临床试验后，于第60天屠宰。根据第60天采集的样本进行血液学、生化、共寄生虫学和细菌调查。饲粮1与第一对照(C1)饲粮的肉鸡增重基本一致。饲粮2显著(P<0.05)高于其他饲粮组(C1、C2和饲粮1)。各组血液学和血清生化指标均无不良反应，共寄生虫学诊断均为阴性。此外，无论是否包含Tm，在同一动物的消化系统部位均检测到相似的微生物群落。综上所述，本研究结果表明，在不影响肉仔鸡健康的前提下，枣果渣可作为肉仔鸡专用饲料，在肉仔鸡饲粮中添加混合枣果渣可部分替代商业化谷物型饲粮。
{"title":"Growth performance of novel food based on mixture of boiled-dried granulated Tenebrio molitor larvae and date-fruit waste in broiler chicken farming","authors":"K. Debache","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Debache K. 2021. Growth performance of novel food based on mixture of boiled-dried granulated Tenebrio molitor larvae and date-fruit waste in broiler chicken farming. Asian J Agric 5: 22-28. The present study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of a new diet based on mixture of boiled-dried granulated Tenebrio molitor larvae (Tm) and date-fruit waste (Dw) in broiler chicken diet. A total of 56 two-day old broilers were randomly allotted to 4 dietary groups each with 2 replicates consisting of 7 broilers (C1, C2, Diet1 and Diet2). Equal mixture of three commercial cereal-based diets (chick starter feed, chick grower feed, and chick finisher feed) was formulated. The first control (C1) was 100% the commercial mixture. Second control (C2) is obtained by mixing 50% commercial mixture with 50% Dw. While the other groups (Diet1 and Diet2) were formulated by adding three ingredients at different proportions: 50% commercial mixture: 40% Dw: 10% Tm (Diet1) and 50% commercial mixture: 10% Dw: 40% Tm (Diet2). After the evaluation of daily body weight, clinical signs, specific growth rate and other clinical tests, the chickens were slaughtered at 60 days. Hematological, biochemical, copro-parasitological, and bacterial investigations were performed based on samples taken day 60. Weight gain of broilers fed with Diet1 was almost like broilers fed with first control (C1) diet. However, those fed with Diet2 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than all other dietary groups (C1, C2 and Diet1). Hematological and serum biochemical traits showed no dietary adverse effect, and copro-parasitological diagnosis was negative in all different dietary groups. Moreover, similar microbial communities were detected in digestive system parts of the same animal, no matter in relation to Tm inclusion or no. In conclusion, the overall results collected in this current study propose that date-fruit waste could be used as an exclusive feed for T. molitor insect rearing and dietary inclusion of mixture Dw-Tm into broilers meal could become a partial substitute for commercialized cereal-based diet without affecting the health of broilers.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75334588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-02DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050103
Shuo Li, Linda Bitsch, J. Hanf
Abstract. Li S, Bitsch L, Hanf JH. 2021. Grape supply chain: Vertical coordination in Ningxia, China. Asian J Agric 5: 12-21. Since 2018, China has been the second-largest grape-growing country in the world, with 875 thousand hectares in total. A former study indicated a transformation within the wine grape supply chain management in the Chinese wine market, from traditional coordination to significant vertical integration. The Ningxia Helan Mountain’s Eastern Foothill wine region (China) is considered to be the best wine region in China and has potential to lead domestic wine production. This study summarizes the typology of grape supply models in the Ningxia wine industry. We also examine influencing factors for the arrangements of current vertical coordination models of grape materials supply, particularly the hybrid organizations and contractual relationships are analyzed.
{"title":"Grape supply chain: Vertical coordination in Ningxia, China","authors":"Shuo Li, Linda Bitsch, J. Hanf","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Li S, Bitsch L, Hanf JH. 2021. Grape supply chain: Vertical coordination in Ningxia, China. Asian J Agric 5: 12-21. Since 2018, China has been the second-largest grape-growing country in the world, with 875 thousand hectares in total. A former study indicated a transformation within the wine grape supply chain management in the Chinese wine market, from traditional coordination to significant vertical integration. The Ningxia Helan Mountain’s Eastern Foothill wine region (China) is considered to be the best wine region in China and has potential to lead domestic wine production. This study summarizes the typology of grape supply models in the Ningxia wine industry. We also examine influencing factors for the arrangements of current vertical coordination models of grape materials supply, particularly the hybrid organizations and contractual relationships are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76961757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050102
D. N. Enyiukwu, A. C. Amadioha, C. Ononuju
Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Amadioha AC, Ononuju CC. 2021. Evaluation of some pesticides of plant origin for control of anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara) in cowpea. Asian J Agric 5: 4-11. Anthracnose is a common disease of cowpea in many bean growing areas of the world. This study evaluated the effects of Alchornea cordifolia, Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, and Lantana camara as low-input biopesticides for control of the disease. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) made up of 14 treatments with 4 replications. The results indicated that all the plant materials irrespective of carrier solvent and concentrations of application significantly (P?0.05) minimized the incidence and severity of the disease, as well as improved the yield and yield parameters of the treated crop than the control. Amongst all evaluated dosages of the plant materials, 50-100 % concentration of L. camara gave the best disease control and yield improvement of the crop, followed by full strength of T. pachysiphon and A. cordifolia was the least. However, comparative to benomyl a standard fungicide, the plant-derived pesticides demonstrated lower fungitoxicity against the pathogen apart from 50-100 % extracts of L. camara which were statistically (P?0.05) at par with the effects of the fungicide. Therefore, all the plant extracts could be used at higher doses as prophylactics to stem the disease; however, L. camara could be applied at lower doses to achieve the same level of control. These plant materials overall could therefore contribute as effective bio-fungicides towards improving productivity of cowpea in the humid tropics.
{"title":"Evaluation of some pesticides of plant origin for control of anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara) in cowpea","authors":"D. N. Enyiukwu, A. C. Amadioha, C. Ononuju","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Amadioha AC, Ononuju CC. 2021. Evaluation of some pesticides of plant origin for control of anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara) in cowpea. Asian J Agric 5: 4-11. Anthracnose is a common disease of cowpea in many bean growing areas of the world. This study evaluated the effects of Alchornea cordifolia, Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, and Lantana camara as low-input biopesticides for control of the disease. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) made up of 14 treatments with 4 replications. The results indicated that all the plant materials irrespective of carrier solvent and concentrations of application significantly (P?0.05) minimized the incidence and severity of the disease, as well as improved the yield and yield parameters of the treated crop than the control. Amongst all evaluated dosages of the plant materials, 50-100 % concentration of L. camara gave the best disease control and yield improvement of the crop, followed by full strength of T. pachysiphon and A. cordifolia was the least. However, comparative to benomyl a standard fungicide, the plant-derived pesticides demonstrated lower fungitoxicity against the pathogen apart from 50-100 % extracts of L. camara which were statistically (P?0.05) at par with the effects of the fungicide. Therefore, all the plant extracts could be used at higher doses as prophylactics to stem the disease; however, L. camara could be applied at lower doses to achieve the same level of control. These plant materials overall could therefore contribute as effective bio-fungicides towards improving productivity of cowpea in the humid tropics.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73409095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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