Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p2
R. Zimdahl
When something is institutionalized, it is established as a convention or norm of an organization or culture. Most professional disciplines have institutionalized and published their professional ethical expectations. Universities routinely include ethical study in the curriculum for medicine, law, business, and the environment. The agricultural science curriculum lacks consideration and study of the effects of agriculture’s ethical dilemmas on society. Moreover, agriculture, the essential human activity and the most widespread human interaction with the environment, needs a defined moral foundation. Ethics has not been institutionalized in US land-grant universities with agricultural colleges,2 colleges of agriculture in other countries, agricultural professional organizations, or the agribusiness industry. That is not to say there are no professional ethical standards. Examining agriculture’s ethical base and the reasons for it is an exercise in reason to find where the weight of reason rests (Rachels and Rachels 2007). Many assume agriculture has had an adequate ethical foundation. The assumption is not questioned. There has been too little investigation and too little critical thinking about the lack of and need for an explicit ethical foundation.
{"title":"Commentary: Institutionalizing Agricultural Ethics","authors":"R. Zimdahl","doi":"10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p2","url":null,"abstract":"When something is institutionalized, it is established as a convention or norm of an organization or culture. Most professional disciplines have institutionalized and published their professional ethical expectations. Universities routinely include ethical study in the curriculum for medicine, law, business, and the environment. The agricultural science curriculum lacks consideration and study of the effects of agriculture’s ethical dilemmas on society. Moreover, agriculture, the essential human activity and the most widespread human interaction with the environment, needs a defined moral foundation. Ethics has not been institutionalized in US land-grant universities with agricultural colleges,2 colleges of agriculture in other countries, agricultural professional organizations, or the agribusiness industry. That is not to say there are no professional ethical standards. Examining agriculture’s ethical base and the reasons for it is an exercise in reason to find where the weight of reason rests (Rachels and Rachels 2007). Many assume agriculture has had an adequate ethical foundation. The assumption is not questioned. There has been too little investigation and too little critical thinking about the lack of and need for an explicit ethical foundation.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.2
J. M. L. Montesclaros, Paul S. Teng
While the rural agriculture sector has traditionally been seen as backward relative to the urban industrial and services sectors, it is a potential “low-hanging fruit” ripe for a much-needed digital transformation for agricultural development. ASEAN has seen a U-turn in progress in addressing undernourishment as early as 2014–16, owing to multiple factors. These include climate change which impacts have led to a slowdown in agricultural yield growth amidst growing consumption requirements. Digital technologies are important in adapting the agriculture sector to climate change and rising demand for it to serve as a key sector for food security, income, trade, and employment in the region. However, adoption of digital technologies in agriculture within the region is still relatively nascent, partly because of a general lack of understanding of such technologies and how they contribute to agricultural development. Also lacking is a common framework for understanding and classifying the relevance of such technologies. Thus, this article proposes a common framework and narrates how it was developed and used in facilitating discussions that helped develop the 2021 ASEAN Guidelines on Promoting the Utilization of Digital Technologies for ASEAN Food and Agricultural Sector. We draw insights from our earlier work on the state of adoption of digital technologies in agriculture in the region and give an overview of key challenges and policy opportunities for scaling up.
{"title":"Digital Technology Adoption and Potential in Southeast Asian Agriculture","authors":"J. M. L. Montesclaros, Paul S. Teng","doi":"10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"While the rural agriculture sector has traditionally been seen as backward relative to the urban industrial and services sectors, it is a potential “low-hanging fruit” ripe for a much-needed digital transformation for agricultural development. ASEAN has seen a U-turn in progress in addressing undernourishment as early as 2014–16, owing to multiple factors. These include climate change which impacts have led to a slowdown in agricultural yield growth amidst growing consumption requirements. Digital technologies are important in adapting the agriculture sector to climate change and rising demand for it to serve as a key sector for food security, income, trade, and employment in the region. However, adoption of digital technologies in agriculture within the region is still relatively nascent, partly because of a general lack of understanding of such technologies and how they contribute to agricultural development. Also lacking is a common framework for understanding and classifying the relevance of such technologies. Thus, this article proposes a common framework and narrates how it was developed and used in facilitating discussions that helped develop the 2021 ASEAN Guidelines on Promoting the Utilization of Digital Technologies for ASEAN Food and Agricultural Sector. We draw insights from our earlier work on the state of adoption of digital technologies in agriculture in the region and give an overview of key challenges and policy opportunities for scaling up.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.6
Jordan G. Calura, R. B. Badayos, Jessica Villanueva-Peyraube, Jocelyn D. Labios
Land provides physical space and is usually required for various sectoral developments needed to meet the needs of increasing population. Land is a finite natural resource; thus, conflict arises over land use and development. The strategic location of the municipality of Pura in Tarlac province, Philippines within the urban beltway of Central Luzon and the recent opening of the Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway provide Pura excellent opportunities for urban and industrial development. However, the precursor to this is agricultural land conversion (ALC), which can change or reduce in the area of productive lands. This paper assessed the degree of productivity of the agricultural lands in the study area that are predisposed to ALC using FAO’s land suitability framework and the revised Storie index for soil productivity. Soil survey and composite soil sampling at 20 cm depth in the selected 34 sampling points were done to analyze the relevant soil physical and chemical properties. Five soil mapping units (SMU) were grouped based on the soil surface texture. The results show that the SMUs are only marginally suitable (S3f) for producing rice and other crops due to their current low soil organic carbon content. However, these SMUs can be highly suitable (S1) for crop production with appropriate soil management. Using the Storie index, the entire tract of land of Pura has an index rating of 58 percent, which corresponds to a grade 3 soil suitable for planting a number of crops with expected good results. The results of the land suitability evaluation and soil productivity assessment further show that the land in the municipality of Pura is productive, and thus can benefit both agricultural production and ALC. As such, whichever spatial strategy or policy direction for ALC that the municipal government chooses to adopt, the municipality of Pura will lose productive land.
{"title":"A Soil Analysis Approach to Assessing Potential Loss of Productive Lands Under Agricultural Land Conversion","authors":"Jordan G. Calura, R. B. Badayos, Jessica Villanueva-Peyraube, Jocelyn D. Labios","doi":"10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Land provides physical space and is usually required for various sectoral developments needed to meet the needs of increasing population. Land is a finite natural resource; thus, conflict arises over land use and development. The strategic location of the municipality of Pura in Tarlac province, Philippines within the urban beltway of Central Luzon and the recent opening of the Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway provide Pura excellent opportunities for urban and industrial development. However, the precursor to this is agricultural land conversion (ALC), which can change or reduce in the area of productive lands. This paper assessed the degree of productivity of the agricultural lands in the study area that are predisposed to ALC using FAO’s land suitability framework and the revised Storie index for soil productivity. Soil survey and composite soil sampling at 20 cm depth in the selected 34 sampling points were done to analyze the relevant soil physical and chemical properties. Five soil mapping units (SMU) were grouped based on the soil surface texture. The results show that the SMUs are only marginally suitable (S3f) for producing rice and other crops due to their current low soil organic carbon content. However, these SMUs can be highly suitable (S1) for crop production with appropriate soil management. Using the Storie index, the entire tract of land of Pura has an index rating of 58 percent, which corresponds to a grade 3 soil suitable for planting a number of crops with expected good results. The results of the land suitability evaluation and soil productivity assessment further show that the land in the municipality of Pura is productive, and thus can benefit both agricultural production and ALC. As such, whichever spatial strategy or policy direction for ALC that the municipal government chooses to adopt, the municipality of Pura will lose productive land.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.3
Kringle Marie P. Mercado, Henny Osbahr
Cognizant of the critical role the youth could play to sustain, develop, and build a sustainable, resilient, and inclusive agriculture industry, this study was conceptualized to establish a thorough understanding of the determinants of the Filipino youth’s intention to enroll in agricultural degree programs. This research assessed the younger generation’s agricultural learning experiences and explored their perception of the agriculture industry and evaluated how these different factors affected the shaping of their uptake of agricultural courses. The study utilized a case study approach in the local context of General Santos City, Philippines. The key findings reveal that while the youth report high exposure to agricultural information, these have not been translated into inherent knowhow; they attained only average scores in the assessment of their agricultural knowledge. They also have limited knowledge or familiarity with agricultural professions. In addition, the majority held positive economic, social, and personal perceptions toward the industry. However, they expressed reservations in considering if employment opportunities in the sector are profitable, if the society will hold them in high regard once they engage in the sector, and if they have the suitable skills and know-how to engage in the sector. Statistically, age, social participation, and personal perceptions were found positively significant (p<0.05), while economic perceptions were negatively significant (p<0.05) in determining the youth’s intention to enroll in agricultural programs and ultimately engage in agriculture. Thus, it is inferred that intervention programs, starting early in the curriculums of the youth, along with social programs that highlight capacity building, are necessary to pique their interest toward the industry and entice them to engage in its professions.
{"title":"Feeding the Future: Knowledge and Perceptions of the Filipino Youth Toward Agriculture","authors":"Kringle Marie P. Mercado, Henny Osbahr","doi":"10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cognizant of the critical role the youth could play to sustain, develop, and build a sustainable, resilient, and inclusive agriculture industry, this study was conceptualized to establish a thorough understanding of the determinants of the Filipino youth’s intention to enroll in agricultural degree programs. This research assessed the younger generation’s agricultural learning experiences and explored their perception of the agriculture industry and evaluated how these different factors affected the shaping of their uptake of agricultural courses. The study utilized a case study approach in the local context of General Santos City, Philippines. The key findings reveal that while the youth report high exposure to agricultural information, these have not been translated into inherent knowhow; they attained only average scores in the assessment of their agricultural knowledge. They also have limited knowledge or familiarity with agricultural professions. In addition, the majority held positive economic, social, and personal perceptions toward the industry. However, they expressed reservations in considering if employment opportunities in the sector are profitable, if the society will hold them in high regard once they engage in the sector, and if they have the suitable skills and know-how to engage in the sector. Statistically, age, social participation, and personal perceptions were found positively significant (p<0.05), while economic perceptions were negatively significant (p<0.05) in determining the youth’s intention to enroll in agricultural programs and ultimately engage in agriculture. Thus, it is inferred that intervention programs, starting early in the curriculums of the youth, along with social programs that highlight capacity building, are necessary to pique their interest toward the industry and entice them to engage in its professions.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"7 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.4
Apurba Kumar Chattopadhyay, Raj Kumar Kundu
This empirical study reveals that agriculture in West Bengal, a major state in India, is nonviable as a primary source of occupation for most agricultural households who have been distressed to diversify to the nonfarm sector. However, the underdeveloped rural nonfarm sector does not leave enough economic space for the distressed farmers to have a smooth and remunerative transition from agricultural to nonagricultural employment. Therefore, most farmers end up clinging precariously to the agriculture sector while engaging in nonremunerative activities in the rural nonfarm sector for sustenance. This article identifies several statistically significant drivers of employment diversification through a logit model and revisited the age-old farm-size agricultural productivity debate in India to conclude that agricultural production is not scale-neutral. Therefore, to make agriculture viable and sustainable, the average operational landholdings need to increase through reverse tenancy and/or cooperative farming and through creating gainful employment opportunities in the rural nonfarm sector. This will help farm-dependent, semi-marginal, and marginal agricultural households to transition from agricultural to nonagricultural occupations.
{"title":"Transition from Agriculture to Non-Agriculture Occupations in West Bengal, India: Causes and Way Forward","authors":"Apurba Kumar Chattopadhyay, Raj Kumar Kundu","doi":"10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This empirical study reveals that agriculture in West Bengal, a major state in India, is nonviable as a primary source of occupation for most agricultural households who have been distressed to diversify to the nonfarm sector. However, the underdeveloped rural nonfarm sector does not leave enough economic space for the distressed farmers to have a smooth and remunerative transition from agricultural to nonagricultural employment. Therefore, most farmers end up clinging precariously to the agriculture sector while engaging in nonremunerative activities in the rural nonfarm sector for sustenance. This article identifies several statistically significant drivers of employment diversification through a logit model and revisited the age-old farm-size agricultural productivity debate in India to conclude that agricultural production is not scale-neutral. Therefore, to make agriculture viable and sustainable, the average operational landholdings need to increase through reverse tenancy and/or cooperative farming and through creating gainful employment opportunities in the rural nonfarm sector. This will help farm-dependent, semi-marginal, and marginal agricultural households to transition from agricultural to nonagricultural occupations.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p3
F. Lone, M. Ganaie, Showkat A. Ganaie, J. A. Rather, M. S. Bhat
The Jammu and Kashmir union territory is the largest producer of walnuts in India, and this crop provides an important source of livelihood for many farmers. This study aims to measure the economic efficiency and profitability of walnut orchards and explore constraints in cultivation in the Kashmir Valley. It relies on a crosssectional database collected from 240 walnut growers in the study area during the 2018/19 production period. Results reveal that walnut cultivation is highly labor-intensive as it incurs 80 percent of total production costs. The cost-benefit ratio of 1:5.35 per hectare indicates better economic prospects for the walnut industry in Kashmir Valley. The factors affecting productivity include farmyard manure, labor, chemical fertilizers, plant density, women participation, and information. The regression coefficients of production analysis, marginal value product, and marginal factor cost ratio indicate that there is ample scope for the expansion of walnut cultivation in the research area. However, walnut growers are confronted by several problems that tend to be location specific. The study calls for policy intervention concerning improved access to extension services, credit, and farmer training programs to boost walnut production in the study region.
{"title":"Economic and Profitability Analysis of Walnut Production in Kashmir Valley, India","authors":"F. Lone, M. Ganaie, Showkat A. Ganaie, J. A. Rather, M. S. Bhat","doi":"10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p3","url":null,"abstract":"The Jammu and Kashmir union territory is the largest producer of walnuts in India, and this crop provides an important source of livelihood for many farmers. This study aims to measure the economic efficiency and profitability of walnut orchards and explore constraints in cultivation in the Kashmir Valley. It relies on a crosssectional database collected from 240 walnut growers in the study area during the 2018/19 production period. Results reveal that walnut cultivation is highly labor-intensive as it incurs 80 percent of total production costs. The cost-benefit ratio of 1:5.35 per hectare indicates better economic prospects for the walnut industry in Kashmir Valley. The factors affecting productivity include farmyard manure, labor, chemical fertilizers, plant density, women participation, and information. The regression coefficients of production analysis, marginal value product, and marginal factor cost ratio indicate that there is ample scope for the expansion of walnut cultivation in the research area. However, walnut growers are confronted by several problems that tend to be location specific. The study calls for policy intervention concerning improved access to extension services, credit, and farmer training programs to boost walnut production in the study region.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p1
C. P. Timmer
This article for AJAD presents the outlook for the world rice market as of early September 2023. It builds on my AJAD article from a year ago and on multiple articles in the East Asia Forum. A year ago, the world was facing a severe food crisis. All the ingredients for significant shortages of food grains and vegetable oils were already boiling. An article in this journal at the time asked how to manage such a crisis (Timmer 2022). The answer was a series of steps designed to build confidence in the availability of supplies. Leadership was sought from Indonesia, chair of the G20 in 2022, and soon to be chair of ASEAN2. Indonesia had deep and long experience managing food crises facing its own economy. The hope was that this experience, plus President Joko Widodo’s diplomatic skills, could deliver a G203 consensus declaration at the Bali Summit in November 2022. If clear, substantive, and politically feasible steps were laid out in the declaration, the signatories could return home with some confidence that food prices would not spiral out of control. By stabilizing expectations about food prices, the need for panicked hoarding would be minimized. Somewhat higher prices were inevitable, but sharp spikes might be avoided. Indonesia delivered (Editorial Board, ANU 2023a). World food markets remained relatively calm, rice prices actually declined for several months, and the world’s consumers breathed a bit easier. But the breathing space was short-lived. A combination of factors, especially the ramped-up attacks by Russia on Ukrainian food export infrastructure and the emergence of a vigorous El Niño in Asian rice bowls, has led to renewed concerns about an impending food crisis. This time the focus is on rice, rather than wheat, maize, and vegetable oils. But rice is increasingly the “food of the poor” in Asia and in Africa (Timmer 2013). A spike in rice prices will cause widespread hunger.
{"title":"Back in the Soup: Now What?","authors":"C. P. Timmer","doi":"10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.2.p1","url":null,"abstract":"This article for AJAD presents the outlook for the world rice market as of early September 2023. It builds on my AJAD article from a year ago and on multiple articles in the East Asia Forum. A year ago, the world was facing a severe food crisis. All the ingredients for significant shortages of food grains and vegetable oils were already boiling. An article in this journal at the time asked how to manage such a crisis (Timmer 2022). The answer was a series of steps designed to build confidence in the availability of supplies. Leadership was sought from Indonesia, chair of the G20 in 2022, and soon to be chair of ASEAN2. Indonesia had deep and long experience managing food crises facing its own economy. The hope was that this experience, plus President Joko Widodo’s diplomatic skills, could deliver a G203 consensus declaration at the Bali Summit in November 2022. If clear, substantive, and politically feasible steps were laid out in the declaration, the signatories could return home with some confidence that food prices would not spiral out of control. By stabilizing expectations about food prices, the need for panicked hoarding would be minimized. Somewhat higher prices were inevitable, but sharp spikes might be avoided. Indonesia delivered (Editorial Board, ANU 2023a). World food markets remained relatively calm, rice prices actually declined for several months, and the world’s consumers breathed a bit easier. But the breathing space was short-lived. A combination of factors, especially the ramped-up attacks by Russia on Ukrainian food export infrastructure and the emergence of a vigorous El Niño in Asian rice bowls, has led to renewed concerns about an impending food crisis. This time the focus is on rice, rather than wheat, maize, and vegetable oils. But rice is increasingly the “food of the poor” in Asia and in Africa (Timmer 2013). A spike in rice prices will cause widespread hunger.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070108
Dhea Gita Fitri Sagitarian, Luna Astikasari, Dita Rahmayani, Muhammad Fadhillah Armando, G. D. Nugroho, W. Himawan, A. Z. Mutaqin, A. Setyawan
Abstract. Sagitarian DGF, Astikasari L, Rahmayani D, Armando MF, Nugroho GD, Himawan W, Mutaqin AZ, Md. Naim D, Setyawan AD. 2023. Biodiversity of edible fruit sold at Pasar Gede, Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 7: 57-68. The market is a place to purchase numerous varieties of goods. Pasar Gede is a traditional Indonesian marketplace in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. It is the earliest and the largest fruit market in Surakarta. This study was conducted to ascertain the variety species of fruits sold at Pasar Gede from 12 to 16 December 2022. Direct interviews with Pasar Gede administrators and sellers conducted the sampling. This study uses primary data from interviews and secondary data from literature studies to support the primary data, while descriptive analysis was performed on the collected data. The results revealed that the fruit sold at Pasar Gede comprised 82 species from 25 families, with information on local name, price, seasonality, rarity according to vendors, and conservation status according to the IUCN Red List. In Pasar Gede, fruits with conservation status Least Concern (LC) based on the IUCN Red List were found, namely juwet (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels), matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.), jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.), pir packham (Pyrus communis L.), srikaya (Annona squamosa L.), jeruk bali (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.), delima arab (Punica granatum L.), sirsak (Annona muricata L.), sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen), asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) and kesemek (Diospyros kaki L.f.). Jeruk (Citrus sp.), apel/pir (Pyrus sp.), pisang (Musa sp.), mangga (Mangifera sp.), and alpukat (Persea sp.) are the dominant fruits (the most available and frequently sold by every vendor in his stall) in Pasar Gede. Anggur autum (Vitis vinifera L. cv. autumn) are the most expensive products at 180,000 IDR per kilogram, while jambu biji is the least expensive at 8,000 IDR per kilogram. The production cost, seasonality, and fruit quality determine whether fruit prices are costly. The abundance of fruit indicates that Pasar Gede is a comprehensive fruit market center in Indonesia, particularly in Surakarta.
摘要Sagitarian DGF, Astikasari L, Rahmayani D, Armando MF, Nugroho GD, Himawan W, Mutaqin AZ, Md. Naim D, Setyawan AD2023. 在印尼中爪哇苏拉塔市Pasar Gede出售的可食用水果的生物多样性。农业学报7:57-68。市场是购买各种商品的地方。Pasar Gede是印尼中爪哇省苏拉卡塔市的一个传统印尼市场。这是泗水最早也是最大的水果市场。这项研究是为了确定2022年12月12日至16日在Pasar Gede销售的水果品种。对Pasar Gede的管理人员和卖家进行了直接采访。本研究使用访谈的一手数据和文献研究的二手数据来支持一手数据，同时对收集到的数据进行描述性分析。结果显示，在Pasar Gede出售的水果包括25科82个品种，并提供了当地名称、价格、季节性、商贩的稀有程度以及根据IUCN红色名录的保护状况等信息。在Pasar Gede，发现了IUCN红色名录中保护地位最低的水果，即juwet (Syzygium cumini (L.))。骨)，matoa (pomtia pinnata j.r.f罗斯特。)， jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.)， pir packham (Pyrus communis L.)， srikaya (Annona squamosa L.)， jeruk bali (Citrus maxima (Burm.)))， delima arab (Punica granatum L.)， sirsak (Annona muricata L.)， sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.))(P.Royen)， asam jawa(柽柳)和kesemek (Diospyros kaki L.f)。Jeruk (Citrus sp.)， apel/pir (Pyrus sp.)， pisang (Musa sp.)， mangga (Mangifera sp.)和alpukat (Persea sp.)是Pasar Gede的主要水果(每个摊贩在他的摊位上最容易获得和经常出售)。秋葡萄(Vitis vinifera L. cv.)秋季)是最昂贵的产品，每公斤18万印尼盾，而jambu biji最便宜，每公斤8000印尼盾。生产成本、季节性和水果质量决定了水果价格是否昂贵。丰富的水果表明Pasar Gede是印度尼西亚的综合水果市场中心，特别是在泗水。
{"title":"Biodiversity of edible fruit sold at Pasar Gede, Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Dhea Gita Fitri Sagitarian, Luna Astikasari, Dita Rahmayani, Muhammad Fadhillah Armando, G. D. Nugroho, W. Himawan, A. Z. Mutaqin, A. Setyawan","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g070108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sagitarian DGF, Astikasari L, Rahmayani D, Armando MF, Nugroho GD, Himawan W, Mutaqin AZ, Md. Naim D, Setyawan AD. 2023. Biodiversity of edible fruit sold at Pasar Gede, Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 7: 57-68. The market is a place to purchase numerous varieties of goods. Pasar Gede is a traditional Indonesian marketplace in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. It is the earliest and the largest fruit market in Surakarta. This study was conducted to ascertain the variety species of fruits sold at Pasar Gede from 12 to 16 December 2022. Direct interviews with Pasar Gede administrators and sellers conducted the sampling. This study uses primary data from interviews and secondary data from literature studies to support the primary data, while descriptive analysis was performed on the collected data. The results revealed that the fruit sold at Pasar Gede comprised 82 species from 25 families, with information on local name, price, seasonality, rarity according to vendors, and conservation status according to the IUCN Red List. In Pasar Gede, fruits with conservation status Least Concern (LC) based on the IUCN Red List were found, namely juwet (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels), matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.), jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.), pir packham (Pyrus communis L.), srikaya (Annona squamosa L.), jeruk bali (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.), delima arab (Punica granatum L.), sirsak (Annona muricata L.), sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen), asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) and kesemek (Diospyros kaki L.f.). Jeruk (Citrus sp.), apel/pir (Pyrus sp.), pisang (Musa sp.), mangga (Mangifera sp.), and alpukat (Persea sp.) are the dominant fruits (the most available and frequently sold by every vendor in his stall) in Pasar Gede. Anggur autum (Vitis vinifera L. cv. autumn) are the most expensive products at 180,000 IDR per kilogram, while jambu biji is the least expensive at 8,000 IDR per kilogram. The production cost, seasonality, and fruit quality determine whether fruit prices are costly. The abundance of fruit indicates that Pasar Gede is a comprehensive fruit market center in Indonesia, particularly in Surakarta.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89814816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070106
J. Muljowati, Arif Rahman Hikam
Abstract. Muljowati J, Hikam AR. 2023. Evaluation of several fungicides on mycelial growth and conidial germination of Alternaria species causing leaf spots in sunflowers under in vitro conditions. Asian J Agric 7: 47-51. Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria species is the most destructive disease of sunflowers. Fungicides, such as mancozeb, carbendazim, benomyl, propiconazole, and iprodione, are commonly used to control diseases. However, the continuous use of synthetic fungicides can cause pathogen resistance to these fungicides. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an in vitro test on the effect of fungicides, such as benomyl, carbendazim, mancozeb, iprodione, and propiconazole, on the mycelial growth and germination of conidia of Alternaria species causing leaf spot on sunflower. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with factorial patterns. The first factor was the type of fungicide, namely benomyl, mancozeb, iprodione, carbendazim, and propiconazole. The second factor was the concentration level of the (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125%) recommended dose. Data were Analyzed of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 18 version. The results showed that Alternaria species were resistant to carbendazim (32.98%) and benomyl (40.32%). It also shows an intermediate level of resistance to mancozeb (62.59%), iprodione (65.38%), and sensitivity to propiconazole (78.38%). Based on the research results, the authors suggest sunflower farmers use propiconazole to control Alternaria species. However, such fungicides may trigger the use of fungicides with higher doses than the recommended dose. That led to the emergence of Alternaria species resistant to the fungicides benomyl, carbendazim, mancozeb, and iprodione.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g070107
C. Ikechi-Nwogu, B. Odogwu, Maria Adanima Edumasam
Abstract. Ikechi-Nwogu CG, Odogwu BA, Edumasam MA. 2023. Molecular characterization of filamentous fungi associated with spoilage of sweet oranges sold in Choba Market, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Asian J Agric 7: 52-56. Post-harvest spoilage of sweet oranges is one of the major causes of post-harvest losses. This study was conducted to identify the fungi associated with post-harvest spoilage of sweet oranges using molecular techniques in Choba Markets, Rivers State, Nigeria. The DNA of the fungal isolate SO-1 and SO-2 were characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 4 and 5 molecular markers and aligned by the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0 of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Based on the sequence similarities, it was observed that isolate SO-1 was 98.96% identical to Neurospora crassa Shear & B.O.Dodge while SO-2 was 99.48% identical to Aspergillus flavus Link. These findings showed that N. crassa and A. flavus are some of the causal fungal pathogens of spoilt sweet oranges. It is anticipated that this result will provide information that will be helpful in the deployment of the appropriate post-harvest management of these fungi during post-harvest handling to minimize the spoilage of sweet oranges and thus reduce post-harvest losses.
摘要Ikechi-Nwogu CG, Odogwu BA, Edumasam MA。2023. 与尼日利亚哈科特港乔巴市场销售的甜橙腐败有关的丝状真菌的分子特征。农业学报，7:52-56。甜橙采后变质是造成采后损失的主要原因之一。本研究旨在利用分子技术鉴定与尼日利亚河流州乔巴市场甜橙收获后腐败相关的真菌。利用内部转录间隔物4和5分子标记对分离物SO-1和SO-2的DNA进行了鉴定，并利用美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库的Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0进行了比对。结果表明，分离物SO-1与粗神经孢子菌(Neurospora crassa Shear)和B.O.Dodge的同源性为98.96%，分离物SO-2与黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus Link)的同源性为99.48%。这些结果表明，草奈瑟菌和黄奈瑟菌是甜橙变质的致病真菌。预计这一结果将提供信息，有助于在收获后处理过程中对这些真菌进行适当的收获后管理，以尽量减少甜橙的腐败，从而减少收获后损失。
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