Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development最新文献

{"title":"Short Communication: Response of insect foragers to four soybean mutant lines cultivated in savanna agro-ecology of Ghana","authors":"Philip Afriyie, S. Adu-Acheampong, Isaac Kwahene","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G050101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Philip AA, Adu-Acheampong S, Addai IK. 2020. Short Communication: Response of insect foragers to four soybean mutant lines cultivated in savanna agroecology of Ghana. Asian J Agric 5: 1-3. To increase soybean production, different lines have been developed with improved qualities to withstand problems associated with the production process. However, such development can render the lines (e.g., mutant lines) susceptible to pest attacks. We sampled for insect abundance and diversity within four soybean lines (150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy) cultivated under two levels of NPK-15-15-15 fertilizer to check if mutagenesis has increased their attraction to insect activities including pest attacks. Some of the species recorded were Acanthacris ruficornis, Apis mellifera, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera, Bemisia tabaci, and Callosobruchus spp. The study also realized that NPK-15-15-15 had no significant impact on insects recorded within the various mutant lines. This only translates into no special pest attraction due to mutagenesis of not for any line. We recommend from this study that farmers should not have any reservation for cultivating any recommended mutant line for mass production after all other tests are completed on them before release.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85213149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plants with modified anatomical structures capable of oxygenating the rhizopshere are threats to sulfidic soils under varying soil moisture regimes","authors":"P. S. Michael","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Michael PS. 2020. Plants with modified anatomical structures capable of oxygenating the rhizosphere are threats to sulfidic soils under varying soil moisture regimes. Asian J Agric 4: 87-94. Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are naturally occurring soils, sediments or substrates formed under waterlogged, reducing conditions. These soils either contain sulfuric acid or have the potential to form it, in an amount that can have detrimental impacts on the environment. In general, ASS with sulfuric materials and that have acidified through oxidation of pyrite are referred to as sulfuric soils. ASS with sulfidic materials that contain pyrite and have the potential to acidify when exposed to air are referred to as sulfidic soils. In an undisturbed state below the water table, the sulfidic soils are benign, unless exposed due to various natural processes or anthropogenic activities. This study examined the importance of organic matter addition, plant macrophytes and turnover of organic matter from the plant macrophytes co-existing on pH, redox and sulfate content of sulfidic soil under flooded conditions. In almost all cases, organic matter without plants induced ameliorative effects. Presence of plants led to higher Eh values, low pH and higher sulfate contents, and acidified the sulfidic soil.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84369205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia","authors":"Sopialena Sopialena, Sofian Sofian, J. Nurdiana","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g030204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g030204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sopialena, Sofian, Nurdiana J. 2019. Diversity of diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 55-62. This research aimed to identify the diversity of diseases that are becoming the main threat to four paddy varieties in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Though similar studies have been conducted, to our knowledge, this research brings significant findings related to the diverse categories of plant diseases in the specific geographical area. The study was performed in Sidomulyo village, Anggana district using a purposive sampling method. From the selected paddy fields in the size of 2x2 square meters, the samples then were identified. Further analysis was performed on every suspected infected part of the plants. The results showed that there are five dominant plant diseases found, i.e., Blast disease, brown spot, narrow brown spot, false smut, and Sheath blight. Whereas the main cause of the diseases recorded are fungus and bacteria, i.e., Pyricularia grisae (Cke) Sacc., Cercospora oryzae Miyake., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., Helminthosporium oryzae L., Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke) Tak.), and Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae Dye.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76005023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: Growth performance, and blood profile of kampong chicken fed diets containing Moringa oleifera powder and liquid","authors":"Danung Nur Adli","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Adli DN. 2020. Short Communication: Growth performance, and blood profile of kampong chicken fed diets containing Moringa oleifera powder and liquid. Asian J Agric 4: 83-86. The research purpose is to carry out the possible effect of Moringa oleifera on Growth performance, and intestinal properties of Lohmann broiler. 80 one-day-old kampongs were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments and 4 replicates of 5 birds per cage. Four treatments used for research were dietary with control (T0), basal diet + M. oleifera 80 g (T1), Drinking water + 2 mL/L M. oleifera (T2), and basal feed + M. oleifera 80 g+ drinking water 2 mL/L M. oleifera (T3). The results showed that using M. oleifera presented no significant difference (P < 0.05) on body weight gain at 1-35 days and intestinal properties. The microstructure didn't affect negatively to its structure. In conclusion, addition of M. oleifera does not impact growth performance, and but can reduce amount of glucose in kampong chicken.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82506346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species distribution modeling and phenotypic diversity reveals collection gap in the Musa balbisiana germplasm conservation in Philippines","authors":"R. Rabara, R. Sotto, E. Salas","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Rabara RC, Sotto RC, Salas EAL. 2020. Species distribution modeling and phenotypic diversity reveal collection gap in the Musa balbisiana germplasm conservation in Philippines. Asian J Agric 4: 71-82. Musa balbisiana is one of the progenitors of cultivated bananas. Its conservation is crucial because of its important phenotypic traits for breeding and genetic improvement of future Musa crops. In the Philippines, the largest ex-situ germplasm collection of M. balbisiana was characterized to assess their phenotypic diversity. Diversity analyses of the 97 plant samples revealed high diversity in the collection. Of the 80 quantitative traits that showed diversity, 51% showed high diversity indices (H?=0.76 to 0.99) while 20% and 29% of the traits have medium and low diversity, respectively. Nineteen percent of the scored morphological traits were invariants, which may reflect the need to increase diversity in the germplasm holdings. Species distribution analysis revealed that annual mean temperature and annual precipitation influenced the species distribution models suggesting the importance of these two environmental factors to species establishment. Overall, phenotypic diversity analyses and species distribution models revealed gaps in the collection. Further collection trips are recommended to increase diversity on traits with low diversity indices and to increase representative accessions from southern Philippines.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88672993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Iloilo’s Balut Industry (Philippines)-An exploration of the environment, social organizations, and consumer demands","authors":"T. H. M. Vergara, M. C. Alejandria, Bridgette Lustañas","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Vergara TID, Alejandria MC, Lustanas B. 2020. Review: Iloilo’s Balut Industry (Philippines)-An exploration of the environment, social organizations, and consumer demands. Asian J Agric 4: 41-51. The province of Iloilo has one of the highest numbers of small-scale duck farms in the country. Its agricultural landscape has allowed the rise of farmers entering duck raising practices, mainly along with rice fields throughout the province. However, continuous interventions in the agricultural sector of Iloilo are directed at boosting economic growth. This paper provides a qualitative evaluation of the efficiency of current policies and implementation of rules and regulations on both the duck and duck egg industry of the Province of Iloilo. Findings revealed the need to address issues on the production, distribution, and marketing of the duck and duck egg products of the province. Environmental conditions such as climate and water access, along with the role of social organizations, and impact of existing policies play a key role in the current trajectory of the Iloilo duck industry.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79464191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple carbon and organic matter addition in acid sulfate soils and time-dependent changes in pH and redox under varying moisture regimes","authors":"P. S. Michael","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Michael PS. 2020. Simple carbon and organic matter addition in acid sulfate soils and time-dependent changes in pH and redox under varying moisture regimes. Asian J Agric 4: 23-29. It has been recently shown that the addition of dead plant materials as organic matter in acid sulfate soils (ASS) creates microenvironments conducive for soil microbes to reduce the sulfate content and redox potential (Eh), thereby increasing the pH of sulfuric soil and sustaining the pH of sulfidic soil, respectively. The time course of effects of addition of organic matter however was not clearly established. This was study conducted to assess the time course of the effect of soil carbon and organic matter following addition of glucose and acetate as carbon and lucerne hay as organic matter sources, respectively. The conditions of the treatments were either anaerobic (flooded) or aerobic (under 75% field capacity). The results showed that the effects of addition of amendments on pH and Eh of ASS are immediate, but treatment dependent. Organic matter as a multiple food sources for soil microbes was more effective in reducing the soil and increasing the pH of the sulfuric and the sulfidic soil, respectively. The effects of acetate were comparatively higher than glucose, dependent on the type of microbial ecology that was engaged by these resources being simple carbon sources. The overall increase in pH and reduction in Eh was immediate within the first three days, but the changes in the soil properties measured were reversed over time. The reversal in the mechanism inducing the changes in pH and Eh ceased as the microbial metabolic resources used as metabolic substrate to generate alkalinity got depleted.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89416511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: Profitability of beekeeping using locally made transitional top bar beehive in Wolmera Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Wongelu Endale","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G040101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Gobena WE. 2020. Short Communication: Profitability of beekeeping using locally made transitional top bar beehive in Wolmera Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Asian J Agric 4: 1-4. Beekeeping is an important source of livelihood and can be integrated with other agricultural activities. The objective of this study is to assess the profitability of beekeeping using locally built transitional topbar hive. Two-stage sampling procedure and stratified sampling technique used in the study. Primary and secondary data are collected analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial budgeting. The partial budgeting result reveals that beekeeping is profitable by using this hive with incremental net benefit of 462.12 ETB and the beekeepers increased their benefit from the hive by more than 2.9 fold by using this beehive as compared to traditional hive. The study concludes beekeeping with this hive can be profitable business for the marginal farmers who have little business capital and land resource. Moreover, income from a single bee colony at beekeeper’s backyard can be improved with minimum cost if this hive with its package used. The overall finding of this study mainly underlined the importance of extension support and technical back to the beekeepers to use this hive.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80681220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Solanum nigrum cultivated in Kenya","authors":"Rwigi Susan Wagio, S. Runo, A. Muchugi","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g030205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g030205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Wagio RS, Runo S, Muchugi A. 2019. Genetic diversity of Solanum nigrum cultivated in Kenya. Asian J Agric 2: 63-71. Solanum nigrum L., sometimes known as black nightshade, is a worldwide weed found on arable land, in gardens, and garbage dumps. It has been utilized in the pharmaceutical industry to produce analgesics, ointments, and vasodilators. Using morphological and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers, this study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of S. nigrum populations growing in specific regions of Kenya. One hundres-twenty (120) samples from four populations were evaluated in total. Morphological characterization utilized four aerial characters. leaf surface (smooth and hairy), leaf margin (whole and sinuous), leaf form (ovate, lanceolate, and diamond), fruit color (red, purple small, and purple large). Tukey's HSD test demonstrated substantial variation among the evaluated attributes (P?0.05). Four SSR primers produced 63 polymorphic bands, ranging from 14 to 17 per primer set. The range of Polymorphic Information Content was 0.1429 to 0.1855, with a mean value of 0.1704. Heterozygosity (using SSR markers) averaged out to be He=0.1370. Axis 1 and 2 of the PCoA explained 44.65% of the population distribution variance. The analysis of multi-level variance (AMOVA) showed that there was only 14% variation between populations and 86% variation inside the populations. Nei's genetic distance varied between 0.010 (Kipkaren and Matanya) and 0.020 (Makuyu and Mauche). Using DARwin 6.0.5 and Unweighted Neighbor Joining with 1000 bootstraps, a dissimilarity study was conducted. The absence of morphological and genetic distinctions in the dendrogram is indicative of the absence of genetic divergence between groups. Variance in the Agro-Ecological Zone is not indicative of variation in the S. nigrum cultivars. Comparing morphological and molecular data revealed leaf surface and fruit color grouping with genetic data. Using the same data, however, there was no grouping between leaf shape and leaf margin. The observed physical distinctions are primarily the effect of human selection. This study demonstrates that the S. nigrum complex displays limited genetic diversity but considerable morphological heterogeneity. Low genetic distance and the absence of clustering patterns indicate that S. nigrum is a closely related group of plants. The results of this study will have far-reaching implications for future breeding efforts of the Solanum complex, as they will be utilized to produce markers connected to crucial agronomic features. The findings will contribute further to resolving the taxonomic ambiguity surrounding S. nigrum.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88072938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant resistance to leaves and their effects on paddy rice production in Kutai Barat District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia","authors":"N. Akhsan, Sopialena Sopialena, F. Fahrizal","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Akhsan N, Sopialena, Fahrizal. 2019. Plant resistance to leaves and their effects on paddy rice production in Kutai Barat District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 41-46. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer application on the resistance of lowland commercial rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) against leaf spot diseases in Kutai Barat District, East Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia and to determine the factors influencing the resistance. A field experiment was conducted in rice fields within Long Iram and Linggang Bigung Sub-districts, West Kutai District and the disease identification was performed at the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. The field experiment was designed in a split-plot design arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) using four replications. The main plot was fertilizer application (P) consisting of two fertilizer application treatments, i.e., 200 kg.ha-1 Urea (p1), and 200 kg.ha-1 Urea + 200 kg.ha-1 NPK (p2). The sub-plots were varieties (V) consisting of three varieties, i.e., Ciherang (v1), Mekongga (v2) and Inpari 6 (v3). The disease identification was performed by identification of leaf spot disease, isolated from the sample plants using morphological observation under a microscope. The number and density of stomata, intensity of leaf disease infection, and yield of the rice were observed. The humidity was also measured at the time of observation of leaf spot disease intensity. The results showed that different fertilizer treatments did not affect the leaf spot disease intensity, but the varieties affected the disease intensity at 7, 14, 21.35 and 49 days after planting. The number of stomata of Ciherang, Mekongga and Inpari 6 varieties was 230,182 and 236 stomata/mm2, respectively. Ciherang variety was more resistant against the leaf spot disease compared to other varieties. Stomatal density does not always affect the intensity of leaf spot disease in lowland rice. There was a correlation between air humidity and the intensity of leaf disease infection. The interaction between fertilization and varieties was significant for the rice yield and the highest yield was obtained by Ciherang variety fertilized with 200 kg.ha-1 Urea + 200 kg ha-1 NPK about 3.58 Mg.ha-1 (grain wet weight).In conclusion, Fertilizer application does not affect the leaf spot disease infection and Ciherang variety is the most resistant plant against leaf spot disease compared to Mekongga and Impari 6 varieties.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77540599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}