Pub Date : 2018-11-26DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020202
Sopialena Sopialena, N. Akhsan, A. Suryadi, J. Nurdiana
Sopialena, Akhsan N, Suryadi A, Nurdiana J. 2018. The identification of soil fungi isolated from Rhizosphere in different varieties of jali plants (Coix lacryma-jobi) in Loa Kulu, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 2: 44-47. The rhizosphere effect indicated the development of active microbial population around the roots driving from the loss of organic materials. This research was intended to identify rhizosphere microbes by identifying the potential microbes four different varieties of jali (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) in Loh Sumber, Loa Kulu, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia, i.e., jelai beras, jelai ketan, ketan lekat, and jelai kaltara. The soil samples were collected and isolated in the area of jali plantation in Loa Kulu, Kutai Kartanegara at 45 days after planting. As many as 16 isolated samples were used, collected from four different variety of jali and 4 times of replication. The result showed that a variety of microbes at Rhizosphere could be classified as Trichoderma sp. Aspergillus sp., Pythium sp., Fusarium sp., Cunninghamelal sp., and Penicillium sp..
{"title":"The identification of soil fungi isolated from rhizosphere in different varieties of jali (Coix lacryma-jobi) in Loa Kulu, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia","authors":"Sopialena Sopialena, N. Akhsan, A. Suryadi, J. Nurdiana","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020202","url":null,"abstract":"Sopialena, Akhsan N, Suryadi A, Nurdiana J. 2018. The identification of soil fungi isolated from Rhizosphere in different varieties of jali plants (Coix lacryma-jobi) in Loa Kulu, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 2: 44-47. The rhizosphere effect indicated the development of active microbial population around the roots driving from the loss of organic materials. This research was intended to identify rhizosphere microbes by identifying the potential microbes four different varieties of jali (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) in Loh Sumber, Loa Kulu, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia, i.e., jelai beras, jelai ketan, ketan lekat, and jelai kaltara. The soil samples were collected and isolated in the area of jali plantation in Loa Kulu, Kutai Kartanegara at 45 days after planting. As many as 16 isolated samples were used, collected from four different variety of jali and 4 times of replication. The result showed that a variety of microbes at Rhizosphere could be classified as Trichoderma sp. Aspergillus sp., Pythium sp., Fusarium sp., Cunninghamelal sp., and Penicillium sp..","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89956370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020103
Sumoharjo Sumoharjo, M. Ma'ruf, I. Budiarto
Sumoharjo, Ma’ruf M, Budiarto I. 2018.Biomass production of Azolla microphylla as biofilter in a recirculating aquaculture system. Asian J Agric 2: 14-19. This study utilized macrophyte (Azolla microphylla Kaulf.) as biofilter and perhaps that biomass produced in aquaculture system can be potential for alternative feed. This experiment such a first step of that vision and was aimed to determine the Azolla microphylla growth rate and its efficiency in removing ammonia from a simple recirculating aquaculture system. The experimental units were set up in three different water flow, i.e. 3 lpm, 5 lpm, and 7 lpm onto the three different geometrically baseboard of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growing tanks (prism, rectangular and limas).The result showed that water flow did not give significant effect(P < 0.10) on the growth rate of Azolla.The lower water flow (3 lpm) resulted in the highest amonia biofiltration efficiency which can remove ammonia up to 32.2±3.0% of the total NH3-N and NH4+-N (TAN).
{"title":"Biomass production of Azolla microphylla as biofilter in a recirculating aquaculture system","authors":"Sumoharjo Sumoharjo, M. Ma'ruf, I. Budiarto","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020103","url":null,"abstract":"Sumoharjo, Ma’ruf M, Budiarto I. 2018.Biomass production of Azolla microphylla as biofilter in a recirculating aquaculture system. Asian J Agric 2: 14-19. This study utilized macrophyte (Azolla microphylla Kaulf.) as biofilter and perhaps that biomass produced in aquaculture system can be potential for alternative feed. This experiment such a first step of that vision and was aimed to determine the Azolla microphylla growth rate and its efficiency in removing ammonia from a simple recirculating aquaculture system. The experimental units were set up in three different water flow, i.e. 3 lpm, 5 lpm, and 7 lpm onto the three different geometrically baseboard of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growing tanks (prism, rectangular and limas).The result showed that water flow did not give significant effect(P < 0.10) on the growth rate of Azolla.The lower water flow (3 lpm) resulted in the highest amonia biofiltration efficiency which can remove ammonia up to 32.2±3.0% of the total NH3-N and NH4+-N (TAN).","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79258905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020101
B. Asmare, Z. Yayeh
Asmare B, Yayeh Z. 2018. Determinants of rice by-products utilization as feed and their management in Ethiopia: the case of Fogera District. Asian J Agric 2: 1-7. The study was conducted with the objective to determine the status of farmers’ rice byproduct utilization as feed in Fogera district, northwestern Ethiopia. Eighty smallholder farmers were selected purposely based on livestock population and rice production access. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to select farmers systematically. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistical analysis. The result indicated that the majority of respondents in the study area were with the range from 31 to 50 years (55%). Education status of respondents showed that the majority of household heads were able to read and write (27.5%) followed by elementary school (26.25%) and high school (17.5%) completed. The main dry season feed in the majority of households (46.25%) was found to be grazing and crop residues. The majority (64.62%) of farmers used rice by-products as livestock feed, followed by both feed and house construction. Types of by-products used for animal feed by respondent’s elucidated majority (61.5%) used rice straw, considerable proportion (26.15%) rice bran and (12.30%) used both straw and bran for animal feed based on availability. The sources of rice by-products indicated for many of respondents (66.7%) was farm produced, 18.5% use purchased and 18.4% get rice by-products both from farm produced and purchasing for their animal feed. Type of animals fed rice byproducts including cattle in the case of majority of respondents (49.23%), cattle and equine, followed (24.62%), and all animals (13.85%), respectively. In livestock owners, rice by-products are fed to livestock as sole feed and mixed with other feeds, however, the majority (69.2%) of households provides sole followed by both sole and mixed with other feeds (16.9%). Many of the respondents (55%) apply drying followed by addition of salt water (22.5%) as method of improving the rice by-products. The main constraints observed in rice by-products utilization as feed were seasonal deficiency of by-products (25.5%) followed by lack of awareness (16.25%).Though these problems prevailed in the study area, rice by-products are being used as a major crop residue feed with little or no improvement applied. Generally, it can be included that rice by-products were found very important feed resources in the rice dominated farming system of Fogera district. To exploit these products properly, farmers need to be assisted through proper agricultural extension service and supply in the form of credit service. Moreover, further on detailed on-farm experimentation should be done to demonstrate better utilization of the products as livestock feed.
Asmare B, Yayeh Z. 2018。埃塞俄比亚水稻副产品用作饲料的决定因素及其管理:以福格拉县为例。农业学报2:1-7。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部Fogera地区农民利用水稻副产品作为饲料的状况。根据牲畜数量和水稻生产准入情况，特意选择了80个小农。采用半结构式问卷对农户进行系统选择。收集的数据采用SPSS描述性统计分析。结果表明，研究区内年龄在31 ~ 50岁之间的受访者居多(55%)。受访者的教育状况显示，大多数户主能够读写(27.5%)，其次是小学(26.25%)和高中(17.5%)。大多数家庭(46.25%)的主要旱季饲料为放牧和作物残茬饲料。大多数(64.62%)农民使用稻米副产品作为牲畜饲料，其次是饲料和房屋建筑。根据可得性，被调查者所阐明的用于动物饲料的副产品类型中，大多数(61.5%)使用稻草，相当比例(26.15%)使用米糠，(12.30%)同时使用秸秆和麸皮作为动物饲料。许多答复者(66.7%)指出，大米副产品的来源是农场生产的，18.5%使用购买的，18.4%从农场生产和购买的大米副产品中获取作为动物饲料。以水稻副产品为饲料的动物类型，大多数应答者包括牛(49.23%)，其次是牛和马(24.62%)，所有动物(13.85%)。在牲畜所有者中，稻米副产品作为唯一饲料饲喂牲畜并与其他饲料混合，然而，大多数(69.2%)家庭提供鳎目鱼，其次是鳎目鱼和与其他饲料混合(16.9%)。许多答复者(55%)采用干燥后再加入盐水(22.5%)作为改善稻米副产品的方法。水稻副产品作为饲料利用的主要制约因素是副产品季节性不足(25.5%)，其次是缺乏认识(16.25%)。虽然这些问题在研究地区普遍存在，但水稻副产品被用作主要的作物残渣饲料，很少或没有加以改进。总的来说，在福格拉地区以水稻为主导的耕作体系中，水稻副产品被认为是非常重要的饲料资源。要合理开发这些产品，需要通过适当的农业推广服务和信贷服务形式的供给来帮助农民。此外，还应进一步进行详细的农场试验，以证明该产品作为牲畜饲料的更好利用。
{"title":"Determinants of rice by-products utilization as feed and their management in Ethiopia: the case of Fogera District","authors":"B. Asmare, Z. Yayeh","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020101","url":null,"abstract":"Asmare B, Yayeh Z. 2018. Determinants of rice by-products utilization as feed and their management in Ethiopia: the case of Fogera District. Asian J Agric 2: 1-7. The study was conducted with the objective to determine the status of farmers’ rice byproduct utilization as feed in Fogera district, northwestern Ethiopia. Eighty smallholder farmers were selected purposely based on livestock population and rice production access. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to select farmers systematically. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistical analysis. The result indicated that the majority of respondents in the study area were with the range from 31 to 50 years (55%). Education status of respondents showed that the majority of household heads were able to read and write (27.5%) followed by elementary school (26.25%) and high school (17.5%) completed. The main dry season feed in the majority of households (46.25%) was found to be grazing and crop residues. The majority (64.62%) of farmers used rice by-products as livestock feed, followed by both feed and house construction. Types of by-products used for animal feed by respondent’s elucidated majority (61.5%) used rice straw, considerable proportion (26.15%) rice bran and (12.30%) used both straw and bran for animal feed based on availability. The sources of rice by-products indicated for many of respondents (66.7%) was farm produced, 18.5% use purchased and 18.4% get rice by-products both from farm produced and purchasing for their animal feed. Type of animals fed rice byproducts including cattle in the case of majority of respondents (49.23%), cattle and equine, followed (24.62%), and all animals (13.85%), respectively. In livestock owners, rice by-products are fed to livestock as sole feed and mixed with other feeds, however, the majority (69.2%) of households provides sole followed by both sole and mixed with other feeds (16.9%). Many of the respondents (55%) apply drying followed by addition of salt water (22.5%) as method of improving the rice by-products. The main constraints observed in rice by-products utilization as feed were seasonal deficiency of by-products (25.5%) followed by lack of awareness (16.25%).Though these problems prevailed in the study area, rice by-products are being used as a major crop residue feed with little or no improvement applied. Generally, it can be included that rice by-products were found very important feed resources in the rice dominated farming system of Fogera district. To exploit these products properly, farmers need to be assisted through proper agricultural extension service and supply in the form of credit service. Moreover, further on detailed on-farm experimentation should be done to demonstrate better utilization of the products as livestock feed.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78770915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020105
Kinyanjui Samuel Njoroge, D. M. Njiru, B. Vanlauwe
Njoroge KS, Mugendi DN, Vanlauwe B. 2018. Effect of fertilizer-N and organic resource management on soil aggregates formation and carbon cycling in the central highlands of Kenya. Asian J Agric 2: 25-37. To inquire the way the alteration of soils of various textures and fertility values with fertilizer-N and organic resources influencing aggregate formation and subsequent carbon (C) cycling in aggregates became the objective of this research. The experiment was carried out in Embu and Machang'a regions of central Kenya and was rooted on a putrefaction tube experiment that was established in April 2005. This experiment was intended at completing long-term field experimentations initiated in 2002 to set up the impact of the application of various combinations of organic and mineral resources on soil nutrient status. The main variables were fertilizer-N and organic resources, with the sub-management being soil fertility values. Maize stover and urea fertilizer were mixed with 3.2 kg of soil and put in putrefaction tubes. The implementation rate was 4 ton and 120 kg per hectare for the maize stover and fertilizer respectively. Four management were developed, namely: control (no organic resources or fertilizer-N added), lone fertilizer-N, lone stover, and combined stover and fertilizer-N, with each management having three replicates. To decide the alterations in soil aggregates, dirt samples acquired from the putrefaction tubes were fractionated through wet sieving. SOM fractionation was also carried out to gain the various SOM fractions. All achieved aggregates and SOM fractions were then dried in the oven, ground, and analyzed for C. All collected data were examined with the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS and the means separated at p <0.05. Bigger quantity of macroaggregates from Embu soils was studied than that from Machang'a soils. For both Embu and Machang'a soil, the alteration of soils with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources had a notable impact (p <0.05) on the portions of all aggregate class sizes. The alteration of soils of various fertility values with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources also had a notable impact on the allocation of SOM fractions for both Embu and Machang' soils. Remarkable discrepancies in whole soils, aggregates and SOM fractions percentage carbon values were also studied. On the whole, the silt and clay fraction had higher C values than that in other aggregate size classes representing higher stabilization of C within this fraction. From the results of this research, it is concluded that the utilization of combined organic and mineral resources is preferred for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility in high fertility soils. In low fertility coarse-textured soils, the lone implementation of organic resources is suggested for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility.
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020104
L. Ishaq
Ishaq L. 2018. Short Communication: Presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management.Trop Drylands 2: 20-24. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are one of key fungtional soil biota that can greatly contribute to crop productiviy and agricultural sustainability. Their presences could be influenced by soil condition such as land management, and the sporulation of the fungal forming mycorrhiza could be affected by season ie. rainy and dry season. Previously, it was found that the abundance of AM fungi was higher under maize cropping with traditional land management (no tillage, no input of agrochemicals) than that under maize copping system with more modern land management (tillage, agrochemical input), when the soils were sampled at rainy season. As the presence of AM fungi could be influenced by climate factor ie. rain/season, the present study was carried out to examine the abundance and diversity of AM fungi in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management in the dry season. At each land management system, three locations of study were purposively selected, and at each location within the cropping system, three soil samples were collected. A total of 9 soil samples representing each land management system were evaluated. The variables observed included AM fungal spore density (expressed as the number of AM fungal spores per 100 g of soil) and biodiversity of AM fungi (expressed as relative abundance of AM fungal spore). It was found that the density of AM fungal spore under maize cropping system with traditional land management was 203.55 per 100g, whereas only 84.91 spores per 100 g soil were found under maize cropping system with improved land management, supporting the previous finding. Despite only six AM fungal spores morphotypes were observed under maize plantation land of both traditional and improved land management, the abundance of the morphotype was different between the two land management systems. The study needs to be extended at a broader location and time to get more representative information on the impact of land management on the abundance of AM fungi in tropical agriculture.
Ishaq L. 2018。短通讯:在传统和改良土地管理下种植的玉米人工地中存在丛枝菌根。热带旱地2:20 -24。丛枝菌根(AM)是一种重要的土壤功能生物群，对作物生产力和农业可持续性有重要贡献。它们的存在可能受到土壤条件(如土地管理)的影响，真菌形成菌根的产孢量可能受到季节(如季节)的影响。雨季和旱季。以往研究发现，在雨季取样时，传统土地管理(免耕、免农药)玉米种植下AM真菌的丰度高于现代土地管理(耕、免农药)玉米耕作制度下AM真菌的丰度。由于AM真菌的存在可能受到气候因素的影响。在旱季采用传统土地管理方式和改良土地管理方式的玉米种植地上，研究了AM真菌的丰度和多样性。在每个土地管理系统中，有目的地选择三个研究地点，并在种植系统内的每个地点收集三个土壤样本。每种土地管理制度共选取9个土壤样本进行评价。观察到的变量包括AM真菌孢子密度(表示为每100 g土壤中AM真菌孢子的数量)和AM真菌的生物多样性(表示为AM真菌孢子的相对丰度)。结果表明，传统土地管理玉米种植制度下AM真菌孢子密度为203.55个/ 100g，而改良土地管理玉米种植制度下AM真菌孢子密度仅为84.91个/ 100g，支持了前人的研究结果。尽管在传统土地管理和改良土地管理的玉米种植地上只观察到6种AM真菌孢子形态，但两种土地管理制度下AM真菌孢子形态的丰度存在差异。这项研究需要在更广泛的地点和时间上进行扩展，以获得关于土地管理对热带农业中AM真菌丰度影响的更具代表性的信息。
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020102
Yetti Elidar
Elidar Y. 2018. Seed emergence and growth of the short age sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) as a response of seed scarification and liquid organic fertilizer application. Asian J Agric 2: 8-13. The research was aimed to know the effect of seed scarification and liquid organic fertilizer application to the seed emergence and growth of the short age sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr). The research was conducted at two experiments, i.e. (i) effect of seed scarification, and (ii) effect of liquid organic fertilizer application. The first experiment was a single factor designed at Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factor consisted of 4 scarification technique treatments i.e. s1 = seed abaxial scarification; s1 = seed tip scarification; s3 = seed left and right sides scarification; s4= seed embryo scarification. All treatments were replicated 6 times. The second experiment was arranged at a factorial (3 x 3) using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 replications. The first factor was the dose/volume of liquid organic fertilizer treatment in concentration of 3 cc L-1 of water (D) consisting of 3 levels i.e. d1 = 300 mL; d2 = 400 mL; d3 = 500 mL, while the second treatment was the interval of liquid organic fertilizer (I) application consisting of 3 levels i.e. i1 = 2 weeks; i2 = 3 weeks; i3 = 4 weeks. Seedling emergence test, germination rate, vigor index and seed germination percentage were measured and the growth parameters such as the plant height increase, plant midrib girth, number of midrib increase, and number of leaves were observed. The results showed that scarification at the embryo part (s4) resulted in the best seed germination percentage of the short age sugar palm at around 99.81%. Combination treatments between 500 mL dose of liquid organic fertilizer in concentration of 3 cc L-1 of water with the interval of 2 weeks (d3i1) produced the best seedling growth of the short age sugar palm.
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