Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030201
Yunieka Aulia Safitri, U. Hasanah, Salamiah Salamiah, Samharinto Samharinto, M. Indar Pramudi
Abstract. Safitri YA, Hasanah U, Salamiah, Samharinto, Pramudi MI. 2019. Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 33-40. Shallot is a vegetable crop with high economic value, but its productivity in Indonesia is still relatively low. One of the causes is due to attack of the diseases. The research was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018, with the purpose of studying the distribution of major diseases of shallots in South Kalimantan. It consisted of field, laboratory, and greenhouse research. Field research involved the survey of shallots’ extensive planting in eight villages of six districts in South Kalimantan, disease symptoms, the broad of attack, and the collection of secondary data. Laboratory research included the isolation and identification of the pathogen causing diseases. The greenhouse research was conducted to perform the Postulate Koch test. The research result showed that there were two major diseases of shallots, namely Moler and Anthracnose. Pathogen causing Moler disease (Fusarium oxysporum) attacked shallot plant in six districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, Tapin, and Banjarbaru) and pathogen causing Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum sp) attacked shallot plant in five districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, and Tapin).
摘要Safitri YA, Hasanah U, Salamiah, Samharinto, Pramudi MI. 2019。印度尼西亚南加里曼丹大葱主要病害的分布。农业学报(3):33-40。大葱是一种具有较高经济价值的蔬菜作物，但其在印尼的生产力仍然相对较低。其中一个原因是由于疾病的发作。该研究于2017年11月至2018年4月进行，目的是研究南加里曼丹葱主要疾病的分布。它包括实地、实验室和温室研究。实地研究包括调查南加里曼丹6个区8个村庄的葱种植情况、疾病症状、发作范围以及收集二手数据。实验室研究包括病原的分离和鉴定。在温室研究中进行了假设科赫检验。研究结果表明，青葱主要有两种病害，即炭疽病和炭疽病。6个区(Tabalong、Balangan、Tanah Laut、Kotabaru、Tapin和Banjarbaru)的青葱受Moler病(Fusarium oxysporum)病原菌感染，5个区(Tabalong、Balangan、Tanah Laut、Kotabaru和Tapin)的青葱受炭疽病(Colletotrichum sp)病原菌感染。
{"title":"Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Yunieka Aulia Safitri, U. Hasanah, Salamiah Salamiah, Samharinto Samharinto, M. Indar Pramudi","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Safitri YA, Hasanah U, Salamiah, Samharinto, Pramudi MI. 2019. Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 33-40. Shallot is a vegetable crop with high economic value, but its productivity in Indonesia is still relatively low. One of the causes is due to attack of the diseases. The research was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018, with the purpose of studying the distribution of major diseases of shallots in South Kalimantan. It consisted of field, laboratory, and greenhouse research. Field research involved the survey of shallots’ extensive planting in eight villages of six districts in South Kalimantan, disease symptoms, the broad of attack, and the collection of secondary data. Laboratory research included the isolation and identification of the pathogen causing diseases. The greenhouse research was conducted to perform the Postulate Koch test. The research result showed that there were two major diseases of shallots, namely Moler and Anthracnose. Pathogen causing Moler disease (Fusarium oxysporum) attacked shallot plant in six districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, Tapin, and Banjarbaru) and pathogen causing Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum sp) attacked shallot plant in five districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, and Tapin).","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79751747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-28DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030105
M. Islam, R. Rahman, M. K. Hossain
Abstract. Islam MDA, Rahman MDA, Hossain MK. 2019. Effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery. Asian J Agric 3: 26-32. The study elucidates the effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong to find out a suitable container and potting media for raising large scale quality seedlings. The seedlings were evaluated by five container and seven potting media treatments for eight months. A Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was adopted for the study with three replications for each treatment. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was tested for the analysis to explore the possible treatment variations. However, the study reveals nodulation with growth parameters; shoot and root dry biomass production and quality index were highest in 20 cm × 15 cm size polybags whereas the highest root length and shoot-root ratio was observed in 15 cm × 10 cm and 15 cm × 13 cm size polybag respectively. Considering the potting media, highest nodulation, growth parameters, shoot dry and fresh weight, shoot- root ratio and biomass were found in combination of soil + cow dung + phosphorus (0.16 g/polybag). Highest root length, root fresh and dry weight, and quality index were found in the combination of soil + cow dung (3:1). Therefore, it is recommended that containers of 20 cm × 15 cm size polybag and with a potting media of soil + cow dung + phosphorus (3 parts soil, 1 parts cow dung + 0.16 g/polybag) combination produce quality A. auriculiformis seedlings in the nursery.
摘要伊斯兰MDA，拉赫曼MDA，侯赛因MK. 2019。容器和盆栽对金合欢苗圃育苗效果的影响。农业学报(3):26-32。通过对吉大港大学林业与环境科学研究所苗圃中木耳金合欢优质苗的容器和盆栽栽培效果的研究，探索出适合大规模优质苗栽培的容器和盆栽栽培介质。采用5种容器培养基和7种盆栽培养基处理，为期8个月。本研究采用完全随机区组设计(CRBD)，每组3个重复。采用方差分析(ANOVA)和Duncan 's Multiple Range Test (DMRT)进行分析，探讨可能的治疗差异。然而，研究显示结瘤与生长参数;茎、根干生物量产量和品质指数以20 cm × 15 cm大小的塑料袋最高，根长和芽根比分别以15 cm × 10 cm和15 cm × 13 cm大小的塑料袋最高。考虑盆栽介质，土壤+牛粪+磷(0.16 g/塑料袋)组合的结瘤率、生长参数、地上部干鲜重、地上部根比和生物量最高。土壤与牛粪(3:1)组合的根长、根鲜干重和品质指标最高。因此，建议在苗圃中采用20 cm × 15 cm大小的塑料袋容器，并用土壤+牛粪+磷(3份土壤，1份牛粪+ 0.16 g/塑料袋)组合的盆栽介质生产优质耳木耳幼苗。
{"title":"Effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery","authors":"M. Islam, R. Rahman, M. K. Hossain","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Islam MDA, Rahman MDA, Hossain MK. 2019. Effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery. Asian J Agric 3: 26-32. The study elucidates the effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong to find out a suitable container and potting media for raising large scale quality seedlings. The seedlings were evaluated by five container and seven potting media treatments for eight months. A Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was adopted for the study with three replications for each treatment. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was tested for the analysis to explore the possible treatment variations. However, the study reveals nodulation with growth parameters; shoot and root dry biomass production and quality index were highest in 20 cm × 15 cm size polybags whereas the highest root length and shoot-root ratio was observed in 15 cm × 10 cm and 15 cm × 13 cm size polybag respectively. Considering the potting media, highest nodulation, growth parameters, shoot dry and fresh weight, shoot- root ratio and biomass were found in combination of soil + cow dung + phosphorus (0.16 g/polybag). Highest root length, root fresh and dry weight, and quality index were found in the combination of soil + cow dung (3:1). Therefore, it is recommended that containers of 20 cm × 15 cm size polybag and with a potting media of soil + cow dung + phosphorus (3 parts soil, 1 parts cow dung + 0.16 g/polybag) combination produce quality A. auriculiformis seedlings in the nursery.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82011215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-09DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030104
R. Bidgoli
Abstract. Bidgoli RD. 2019. Effect of inoculation of two Aztobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil. Asian J Agric 3: 22-25. This study was conducted to study changes of percentage and yield of essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita) as a split factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2016-2017. The experimental treatments were nitrogen at four levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha as the main factor and two strains of PGPR (Aztobacter chroococcum MZ11, MZ26) in two state of (use and non-use) was considered as sub factors. Results showed that use of these two of A. chroococcum strains has led to increase in the percentage and yield of peppermint essential oil more than all Nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Also, the highest peppermint essential oil percentage (0.73%) obtained the in the of triple interaction of Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) A. chroococcum MZ11 and A. chroococcum MZ26 The highest essential oil yield (91.65 kg/ha)observed under the influence of the triple interaction of Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) , A. chroococcum MZ11 and A. chroococcum MZ26.
{"title":"Effect of inoculation of two Aztobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil","authors":"R. Bidgoli","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G030104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bidgoli RD. 2019. Effect of inoculation of two Aztobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil. Asian J Agric 3: 22-25. This study was conducted to study changes of percentage and yield of essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita) as a split factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2016-2017. The experimental treatments were nitrogen at four levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha as the main factor and two strains of PGPR (Aztobacter chroococcum MZ11, MZ26) in two state of (use and non-use) was considered as sub factors. Results showed that use of these two of A. chroococcum strains has led to increase in the percentage and yield of peppermint essential oil more than all Nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Also, the highest peppermint essential oil percentage (0.73%) obtained the in the of triple interaction of Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) A. chroococcum MZ11 and A. chroococcum MZ26 The highest essential oil yield (91.65 kg/ha)observed under the influence of the triple interaction of Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) , A. chroococcum MZ11 and A. chroococcum MZ26.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"26 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77388905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-17DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03101
A. I. Prihantini, K. D. Rizqiani
Abstract. Prihantini AI, Rizqiani K. 2019. Various antioxidant assays of agarwood extracts (Gyrinops versteegii) from West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 1-5. However, the species have not been widely explored as a source of natural products in particular antioxidant agents, which protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. The present study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant activities of agarwood extracts from West Nusa Tenggara using various antioxidant assays. The antioxidant activity of leaf, fruit and fruit bark extracts were investigated based on DPPH radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching assays. The total phenolic content was also investigated. The result showed that leaf extract revealed the strongest antioxidant activity on all assays performed such as DPPH radicals scavenging activity (IC50 22.13±0.71 μg/mL); reducing power (251.85±0.03 mg QE/g dry extract); and β-carotene bleaching activity (IC50 24.23±2.60 μg/mL). The total phenolic content (TPC) in the leaf was higher (184.90±0.76 mg GAE/g dry extract) than fruit bark and bark extracts. The high content of phenolic compounds in G. versteegii leaves indicated that these compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activities. In conclusion, these findings showed that G. versteegii leaves are potential for development as an antioxidant source.
{"title":"Various antioxidant assays of agarwood extracts (Gyrinops versteegii) from West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"A. I. Prihantini, K. D. Rizqiani","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Prihantini AI, Rizqiani K. 2019. Various antioxidant assays of agarwood extracts (Gyrinops versteegii) from West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 1-5. However, the species have not been widely explored as a source of natural products in particular antioxidant agents, which protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. The present study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant activities of agarwood extracts from West Nusa Tenggara using various antioxidant assays. The antioxidant activity of leaf, fruit and fruit bark extracts were investigated based on DPPH radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching assays. The total phenolic content was also investigated. The result showed that leaf extract revealed the strongest antioxidant activity on all assays performed such as DPPH radicals scavenging activity (IC50 22.13±0.71 μg/mL); reducing power (251.85±0.03 mg QE/g dry extract); and β-carotene bleaching activity (IC50 24.23±2.60 μg/mL). The total phenolic content (TPC) in the leaf was higher (184.90±0.76 mg GAE/g dry extract) than fruit bark and bark extracts. The high content of phenolic compounds in G. versteegii leaves indicated that these compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activities. In conclusion, these findings showed that G. versteegii leaves are potential for development as an antioxidant source.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74709803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-17DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020205
M. S. Olatidoye, T. Alimi, A. Akinola
Abstract. Olatidoye MS, Alimi T, Akinola AA. 2018. Quality assessment of the physico-chemical properties of vermiwash produced from different sources during successive storage periods. Asian J Agric 2: 58-63. The study investigated on socio-economic factors and estimated the technical efficiency indices and factors influencing technical efficiency of the sampled cotton farmers in the Southern Cotton growing zone of Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select a total sample of 300 cotton farmers. The study made use of only primary data which was collected through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production parametric model. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that majority (83%) of the cotton farmers in the study area were males while the mean age of the respondents was 49 years. The average household size was 8 persons per household and majority (69%) of the respondents had formal education. Majority of the respondents (59%) had no access to credit facilities while majority (80.4%) of the cotton farmers had reasonable years of experience ranging between 11 and above in cotton production. Furthermore, the study found that the technical efficiency of the farmers range from 0.35 and 0.99 with a mean of 0.79. This indicates ample opportunity for farmers to increase their productivity through improvement in their technical efficiency. Seed, fertilizer, pesticides and farm size were found to be statistically significant and positively related to farmers’ output while education, credit, extension contact and farming experience of the respondents negatively influenced farmers’ technical inefficiency. The farmers therefore need to increase their output through more intensive use of seed, land, pesticides and fertilizers.
摘要Olatidoye MS, Alimi T, Akinola AA。2018. 不同来源蚯蚓水连续贮存期理化性质的质量评价。农业学报，2:58-63。本研究调查了尼日利亚南部棉花种植区棉农的社会经济因素，估算了棉农的技术效率指标和影响技术效率的因素。采用多阶段抽样方法，共抽取300名棉农样本。该研究仅使用了通过结构良好的问卷调查收集的原始数据。采用描述性统计和随机前沿生产参数模型对数据进行分析。描述性统计结果显示，研究区棉农以男性为主(83%)，平均年龄49岁。平均每户8人，大多数(69%)受访者接受过正规教育。大多数受访者(59%)无法获得信贷，而大多数棉农(80.4%)拥有11年及以上的棉花生产经验。此外，研究发现农民的技术效率在0.35和0.99之间，平均值为0.79。这表明农民有充分的机会通过提高技术效率来提高生产力。研究发现，种子、肥料、农药和农场规模与农民的产量呈显著正相关，而受调查者的教育程度、信贷、推广接触和耕作经验对农民的技术无效率有显著负相关。因此，农民需要通过更密集地使用种子、土地、农药和化肥来提高产量。
{"title":"Determinants of technical efficiency in cotton production in the southern cotton growing zone of Nigeria: A stochastic production frontier approach","authors":"M. S. Olatidoye, T. Alimi, A. Akinola","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Olatidoye MS, Alimi T, Akinola AA. 2018. Quality assessment of the physico-chemical properties of vermiwash produced from different sources during successive storage periods. Asian J Agric 2: 58-63. The study investigated on socio-economic factors and estimated the technical efficiency indices and factors influencing technical efficiency of the sampled cotton farmers in the Southern Cotton growing zone of Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select a total sample of 300 cotton farmers. The study made use of only primary data which was collected through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production parametric model. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that majority (83%) of the cotton farmers in the study area were males while the mean age of the respondents was 49 years. The average household size was 8 persons per household and majority (69%) of the respondents had formal education. Majority of the respondents (59%) had no access to credit facilities while majority (80.4%) of the cotton farmers had reasonable years of experience ranging between 11 and above in cotton production. Furthermore, the study found that the technical efficiency of the farmers range from 0.35 and 0.99 with a mean of 0.79. This indicates ample opportunity for farmers to increase their productivity through improvement in their technical efficiency. Seed, fertilizer, pesticides and farm size were found to be statistically significant and positively related to farmers’ output while education, credit, extension contact and farming experience of the respondents negatively influenced farmers’ technical inefficiency. The farmers therefore need to increase their output through more intensive use of seed, land, pesticides and fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84076731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-17DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03103
H. S. Rahayu, M. Muchtar, S. Saidah
Abstract. Rahayu HSP, Muchtar, Saidah. 2019. The feasibility and farmer perception of true shallot seed technology in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 16-21. Shallot is one of horticultural commodities that plays a significant role in both national and regional economy. A fluctuating supply of shallot influences the inflation level. Shallot production is currently still facing many problems, including high production cost. The high shallot production cost mostly goes to expenses for labor and seed while Indonesian shallot is mainly produced from the bulbs seed. This high-cost production causes a lower shallot competitiveness. Therefore, introduction of True Shallot Seed (TSS) technology, which lowers the cost for shallot seed, could be an ideal option to improve the shallot competitiveness in Indonesia. However, the shallot farming feasibility and the farmer’s perception of this technology are two critical aspects that need to be considered in the adoption of this new technology. This research aimed to study the potency of true shallot seed development in Central Sulawesi based on the TSS’s farming feasibility and farmer perception on TSS. The research was conducted in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi. The results showed that the farming of shallot using TSS was feasible, and within 14.9 t.ha-1 productivity, the Revenue-Cost Ratio was 3.15 while the Benefit-Cost Ratio was 2.15. The perception was examined based on three aspects namely technical, economic, and social aspects. The results showed that farmers were interested in planting true seed of shallot based on its high productivity, lower production cost, and market acceptance of the product; while in the social aspect, the extension and farmer group’s support still need to be improved for development of TSS.
{"title":"The feasibility and farmer perception of true shallot seed technology in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"H. S. Rahayu, M. Muchtar, S. Saidah","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Rahayu HSP, Muchtar, Saidah. 2019. The feasibility and farmer perception of true shallot seed technology in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 16-21. Shallot is one of horticultural commodities that plays a significant role in both national and regional economy. A fluctuating supply of shallot influences the inflation level. Shallot production is currently still facing many problems, including high production cost. The high shallot production cost mostly goes to expenses for labor and seed while Indonesian shallot is mainly produced from the bulbs seed. This high-cost production causes a lower shallot competitiveness. Therefore, introduction of True Shallot Seed (TSS) technology, which lowers the cost for shallot seed, could be an ideal option to improve the shallot competitiveness in Indonesia. However, the shallot farming feasibility and the farmer’s perception of this technology are two critical aspects that need to be considered in the adoption of this new technology. This research aimed to study the potency of true shallot seed development in Central Sulawesi based on the TSS’s farming feasibility and farmer perception on TSS. The research was conducted in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi. The results showed that the farming of shallot using TSS was feasible, and within 14.9 t.ha-1 productivity, the Revenue-Cost Ratio was 3.15 while the Benefit-Cost Ratio was 2.15. The perception was examined based on three aspects namely technical, economic, and social aspects. The results showed that farmers were interested in planting true seed of shallot based on its high productivity, lower production cost, and market acceptance of the product; while in the social aspect, the extension and farmer group’s support still need to be improved for development of TSS.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79967421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-17DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03102
A. Estiati
Abstract. Estiati A. 2019. Rice momilactones, potential allelochemical for weeds suppression. Asian J Agric 3: 6-15. Weeds become one of the important biological constraint declining the productivity and quality of rice. Among the weeds, barnyardgrass is reported as the most destructive weed species. Synthetic herbicides are preferred method to control weeds. However, the excessive and continuous use of synthetic herbicides can have a negative impact on the environment, health and even the emergence of herbicide-tolerant weeds. Therefore, another alternative to overcome weed problems become the concern of scientists. Rice plants have been proven to be able to suppress the growth of weeds nearby by secreting secondary metabolites called allelochemicals. In this article, the achievements of research on rice allelochemicals at laboratory level will be reported. Among rice allelochemicals, momilactones are potential growth inhibitor. The biosynthetic pathway of momilactones and its coressponding genes have been extensively investigated in rice. OsCPS4, OsKSL4, CYP99A2, CYP99A3 and OsMAS are genes that co-regulated in momilactones biosynthetic pathway and production, and they form a gene cluster which is located on chromosome 4. Reverse genetic approach by inserting genes knock-out of OsCPS4 and OsKSL4 into two rice cultivars from Japonica subspecies showed that insertional mutant lines harboring cps4 or ksl4 exhibited a significant loss in inhibition potential due to the lack of momilactones production.
{"title":"Review: Rice momilactones, potential allelochemical for weeds suppression","authors":"A. Estiati","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G03102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Estiati A. 2019. Rice momilactones, potential allelochemical for weeds suppression. Asian J Agric 3: 6-15. Weeds become one of the important biological constraint declining the productivity and quality of rice. Among the weeds, barnyardgrass is reported as the most destructive weed species. Synthetic herbicides are preferred method to control weeds. However, the excessive and continuous use of synthetic herbicides can have a negative impact on the environment, health and even the emergence of herbicide-tolerant weeds. Therefore, another alternative to overcome weed problems become the concern of scientists. Rice plants have been proven to be able to suppress the growth of weeds nearby by secreting secondary metabolites called allelochemicals. In this article, the achievements of research on rice allelochemicals at laboratory level will be reported. Among rice allelochemicals, momilactones are potential growth inhibitor. The biosynthetic pathway of momilactones and its coressponding genes have been extensively investigated in rice. OsCPS4, OsKSL4, CYP99A2, CYP99A3 and OsMAS are genes that co-regulated in momilactones biosynthetic pathway and production, and they form a gene cluster which is located on chromosome 4. Reverse genetic approach by inserting genes knock-out of OsCPS4 and OsKSL4 into two rice cultivars from Japonica subspecies showed that insertional mutant lines harboring cps4 or ksl4 exhibited a significant loss in inhibition potential due to the lack of momilactones production.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77284802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020204
S. Jaikishun, Shamika Adonis, A. Ansari
Abstract. Jaikishun S, Adonis S, Ansari AA. 2018. Quality assessment of the physicochemical properties of vermiwash produced from different sources during successive storage periods. Asian J Agric 2: 52-57. Organic farming is crucial for maintaining our health together with improving quality and quantity of crop production in environmentally friendly farming practices. Vermiwash is poised to be one of the key components in organic farming and reducing the enormous amounts of pollutants from the environment. This study aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics related to vermiwash from different sources (Jamun, Neem and Grass with combination and mixed with cattle dung) during a three-month storage period with monthly assessments and compared to fresh sample. While an increase in Electrical Conductivity (EC) was seen at the first month, successive decreases were noted thereafter with a significant difference (p=0.05) being observed among the treatments (p=0.05) after three months. Total dissolved salts decreased over the storage period with significant difference being observed among the treatments and storage period revealed that at p=0.05, F (7, 21) = 3.9>2.49 Fcrit. and F (3, 21) = 3.8>2.49 respectively. Phosphorous decreased while potassium increased with T7 having the highest. Calcium showed a significant difference (p=0.05) among the treatments while magnesium fluctuated during the period but deceased at the end of the storage period. Analysis of ferrous content revealed a significant difference (p=0.05, F (7, 21) = 3.8>2.48 Fcrit.) with the time period being significantly different (p=0.05, F (3, 21) = 6.8>3.0) with an increase at the end of the storage period. Fresh form of vermiwash is best to use to obtain maximum nutrients as the general nutrient composition deteriorates over with time
{"title":"Quality assessment of the physicochemical properties of vermiwash produced from different sources during successive storage periods","authors":"S. Jaikishun, Shamika Adonis, A. Ansari","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Jaikishun S, Adonis S, Ansari AA. 2018. Quality assessment of the physicochemical properties of vermiwash produced from different sources during successive storage periods. Asian J Agric 2: 52-57. Organic farming is crucial for maintaining our health together with improving quality and quantity of crop production in environmentally friendly farming practices. Vermiwash is poised to be one of the key components in organic farming and reducing the enormous amounts of pollutants from the environment. This study aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics related to vermiwash from different sources (Jamun, Neem and Grass with combination and mixed with cattle dung) during a three-month storage period with monthly assessments and compared to fresh sample. While an increase in Electrical Conductivity (EC) was seen at the first month, successive decreases were noted thereafter with a significant difference (p=0.05) being observed among the treatments (p=0.05) after three months. Total dissolved salts decreased over the storage period with significant difference being observed among the treatments and storage period revealed that at p=0.05, F (7, 21) = 3.9>2.49 Fcrit. and F (3, 21) = 3.8>2.49 respectively. Phosphorous decreased while potassium increased with T7 having the highest. Calcium showed a significant difference (p=0.05) among the treatments while magnesium fluctuated during the period but deceased at the end of the storage period. Analysis of ferrous content revealed a significant difference (p=0.05, F (7, 21) = 3.8>2.48 Fcrit.) with the time period being significantly different (p=0.05, F (3, 21) = 6.8>3.0) with an increase at the end of the storage period. Fresh form of vermiwash is best to use to obtain maximum nutrients as the general nutrient composition deteriorates over with time","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87197551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-26DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020201
Nitisapto Mulyono, A. Maas, B. Purwanto, P. Sudira
Mulyono, Maas A, Purwanto BH, Sudira P. 2018. Short Communication: Volcanic ash utilization as planting medium of curly lettuce with charcoal husk and urban waste compost as soil amendment. Asian J Agric 2: 39-43. During a volcanic eruption, volcanic ash spreads over an extensive area, causes environmental disturbances, and thus, should be disposed afar from settlements. On the other hand, volcanic ash is useful in urban areas where pot-planting is often lack soil medium. However, the utilization of volcanic ash as direct planting medium has many obstacles due to its characteristics such as the acidic, nitrogen nutrients rareness, compressed and dull to water. Hence, to be ready to use, it should be improved by using soil amendment. This study used charcoal husk combined with compost as the soil amendment. The purpose of this study was to use the volcanic ash as the planting medium, by obtaining a proper dose of volcanic ash and the soil amendments for the growth and yield of curly lettuce. The experimental design applied in this study was the complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the 5 levels of charcoal husk (on volcanic ash) doses, namely 0.30; 0.40; 0.50; 0.60; and 0.70. The second was the ratio between the media and the 3 levels of urban waste compost doses, namely: 3:1; 2:1 and 1:1, resulting in 5 x 3 total combinations with three replications. The plant growth and yield data results were analyzed by using the variance analysis and continued with Duncan Multiple tests (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that when used as the sole planting medium, the volcanic ash could not support the growth of lettuce plants. The evidence was shown from the same size and weight of the curly lettuce after the age of 35 days (5 g/plant). The utilization of husk and urban waste compost treatment showed significant growth rise. The combination of volcanic ash and soil amendments showed that the best effect on the growth and yield of curly lettuce was from M3K3 treatment at the dose of 25% volcanic ash, 25% charcoal husk and 50% urban waste compost (60 g/plant).
马建平，马建平，张建平，张建平。2018。利用火山灰作为卷叶莴苣的种植介质，以木炭壳和城市垃圾堆肥作为土壤改良剂。农业学报2:39-43。在火山喷发期间，火山灰会扩散到一个广阔的区域，造成环境干扰，因此，应该在远离居民区的地方处置。另一方面，火山灰在城市地区是有用的，那里的盆栽往往缺乏土壤介质。然而，由于火山灰具有酸性、氮养分稀少、压缩、对水迟钝等特点，使其作为直接种植介质的利用存在诸多障碍。因此，为了准备使用，应该使用土壤改良剂对其进行改良。本研究采用炭壳复合堆肥作为土壤改良剂。本研究的目的是利用火山灰作为种植介质，通过获得适当剂量的火山灰和土壤改良剂来促进卷叶莴苣的生长和产量。本研究采用完全随机设计(CRD)， 3个重复。第一个因素是5级木炭壳(火山灰)剂量，即0.30;0.40;0.50;0.60;和0.70。二是培养基与3级城市垃圾堆肥用量之比，即:3:1;2:1和1:1，共5 × 3个组合，重复3次。采用方差分析对植株生长和产量数据结果进行分析，并继续采用Duncan多元极差检验(Duncan Multiple Range Test)。结果表明，当火山灰作为唯一的种植介质时，不能支持生菜植株的生长。35 d后卷叶莴苣的大小和重量相同(5 g/株)证明了这一点。稻壳利用率和城市垃圾堆肥处理呈显著增长趋势。短句来源火山灰与土壤改进剂的组合试验表明，M3K3处理对卷叶莴苣生长和产量的影响最好，处理剂量为25%火山灰、25%炭壳和50%城市垃圾堆肥(60 g/株)。
{"title":"Short Communication: Volcanic ash utilization as planting medium of curly lettuce with charcoal husk and urban waste compost as soil amendment","authors":"Nitisapto Mulyono, A. Maas, B. Purwanto, P. Sudira","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020201","url":null,"abstract":"Mulyono, Maas A, Purwanto BH, Sudira P. 2018. Short Communication: Volcanic ash utilization as planting medium of curly lettuce with charcoal husk and urban waste compost as soil amendment. Asian J Agric 2: 39-43. During a volcanic eruption, volcanic ash spreads over an extensive area, causes environmental disturbances, and thus, should be disposed afar from settlements. On the other hand, volcanic ash is useful in urban areas where pot-planting is often lack soil medium. However, the utilization of volcanic ash as direct planting medium has many obstacles due to its characteristics such as the acidic, nitrogen nutrients rareness, compressed and dull to water. Hence, to be ready to use, it should be improved by using soil amendment. This study used charcoal husk combined with compost as the soil amendment. The purpose of this study was to use the volcanic ash as the planting medium, by obtaining a proper dose of volcanic ash and the soil amendments for the growth and yield of curly lettuce. The experimental design applied in this study was the complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the 5 levels of charcoal husk (on volcanic ash) doses, namely 0.30; 0.40; 0.50; 0.60; and 0.70. The second was the ratio between the media and the 3 levels of urban waste compost doses, namely: 3:1; 2:1 and 1:1, resulting in 5 x 3 total combinations with three replications. The plant growth and yield data results were analyzed by using the variance analysis and continued with Duncan Multiple tests (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that when used as the sole planting medium, the volcanic ash could not support the growth of lettuce plants. The evidence was shown from the same size and weight of the curly lettuce after the age of 35 days (5 g/plant). The utilization of husk and urban waste compost treatment showed significant growth rise. The combination of volcanic ash and soil amendments showed that the best effect on the growth and yield of curly lettuce was from M3K3 treatment at the dose of 25% volcanic ash, 25% charcoal husk and 50% urban waste compost (60 g/plant).","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85548502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-26DOI: 10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020203
F. Setiyoningrum, G. Priadi, N. Herlina, A. Solikhin, Nurul Lisani
Setiyoningrum F, Pribadi G, Afiati F, Herlina N, Solikhin A, Lisani N. 2018. Functional properties of Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic. Asian J Agric 2: 48-51. Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic was made by fermentation of fresh solo garlic in medium containing S. kluyveri aging in 70C and relative humidity close to 60%. The fermentation period of fresh solo garlic in the medium was 0, 2, 4 dan 6 days. The black aging period was 0 (fresh garlic), 7, 14 dan 21 days. Antioxidant capacity, flavonoid content and total poliphenol were observed. S. kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic had higher antioxidant capacity, flavonoid content and total polifenol compared to solo black garlic without fermentation. Fermentation of fresh solo garlic by S. kluyveri Y97 before aging process could increase solo black garlic’s functional properties.
{"title":"Functional properties of Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic","authors":"F. Setiyoningrum, G. Priadi, N. Herlina, A. Solikhin, Nurul Lisani","doi":"10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/ASIANJAGRIC/G020203","url":null,"abstract":"Setiyoningrum F, Pribadi G, Afiati F, Herlina N, Solikhin A, Lisani N. 2018. Functional properties of Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic. Asian J Agric 2: 48-51. Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic was made by fermentation of fresh solo garlic in medium containing S. kluyveri aging in 70C and relative humidity close to 60%. The fermentation period of fresh solo garlic in the medium was 0, 2, 4 dan 6 days. The black aging period was 0 (fresh garlic), 7, 14 dan 21 days. Antioxidant capacity, flavonoid content and total poliphenol were observed. S. kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic had higher antioxidant capacity, flavonoid content and total polifenol compared to solo black garlic without fermentation. Fermentation of fresh solo garlic by S. kluyveri Y97 before aging process could increase solo black garlic’s functional properties.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83296937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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