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Life Trajectories in the Language Games of Islamic Reform and Pentecostalism in Cape Town 开普敦伊斯兰改革和五旬节派语言游戏中的人生轨迹
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n2a5
A. Tayob
I present two individuals in Cape Town as they became religious leaders in Islamic reform and Christian Pentecostalism respectively. This essay pays at-tension to the place of charisma generated in their practices, how they relate to existing traditions and institutions, and how they introduce innovations over their life trajectories. Unlike most studies on Pentecostalism and Islamic reform, this essay analyses lesser-known leaders in their respective congregations and communities to illustrate what Wittgenstein has called a 'language game'. The latter offers a perspective on how individuals inhabit a movement without being constrained by it. The language games of these movements come alive in the life trajectories of my subjects.
我介绍了开普敦的两个人,他们分别成为伊斯兰教改革和基督教五旬节派的宗教领袖。这篇文章关注的重点是:魅力在他们的实践中产生的作用、他们与现有传统和机构的关系,以及他们如何在自己的人生轨迹中引入创新。与大多数关于五旬节教派和伊斯兰改革的研究不同,本文分析了各自教派和社区中鲜为人知的领袖,以说明维特根斯坦所说的 "语言游戏"。后者提供了一个视角,让我们了解个人如何在运动中栖息而不受其制约。在我的研究对象的人生轨迹中,这些运动的语言游戏栩栩如生。
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引用次数: 0
Religion and Migration in Iraq: Investigating the Reasons for Return of Internally Displaced Christians to Baghdeda 伊拉克的宗教与移民:调查境内流离失所的基督徒返回巴格达的原因a
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n2a2
Nora Monzer, Philipp Öhlmann
The emergence of the terrorist group, Daesh in 2014 and the international military campaign against it caused both a humanitarian crisis and mass displacement in Iraq. About 5.8 million people became internally displaced, and as of 2021, 1.2 million of them still remain in displacement. This article engages with the question of what motivates people to return from displacement to their area of origin. It investigates the role that religion played in the decision of internally displaced Christians to return to Baghdeda in the Ninewa Plain, Iraq's largest Christian town. Based on qualitative interviews, the article examines the factors influencing people's decisions to return. We find that religion contributes to an array of pull factors positively influencing the decision to return, within the nexus of other considerations such as security, reconstruction, and economic opportunities. Religion was found to contribute to the return decision through the respondents' Christian identity, the encouragement to return by religious leaders, and the reconstruction efforts led by the churches. However, while these factors contributed to motivating people to return, these alone are not sufficient to motivate Christians to stay in Baghdeda in the long-term if other important conditions like the security situation and economic opportunities are not in place.
2014 年恐怖组织 "达伊什 "的出现以及针对它的国际军事行动在伊拉克造成了人道主义危机和大规模流离失所。约 580 万人成为境内流离失所者,截至 2021 年,其中 120 万人仍处于流离失所状态。本文探讨了促使人们从流离失所状态返回原籍地的原因。文章调查了宗教在境内流离失所的基督徒决定返回伊拉克最大的基督教城镇尼尼微平原的巴格达时所发挥的作用。文章以定性访谈为基础,研究了影响人们决定返回的因素。我们发现,在安全、重建和经济机会等其他考虑因素的共同作用下,宗教对一系列拉动因素起到了积极作用,从而影响了人们返回家园的决定。通过受访者的基督徒身份、宗教领袖对回返的鼓励以及教会领导的重建工作,我们发现宗教有助于做出回返决定。然而,尽管这些因素有助于促使人们返回,但如果安全局势和经济机会等其他重要条件不到位,仅凭这些因素不足以促使基督徒长期留在巴格达。
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引用次数: 0
The Catholic Church's Dialogical Method and Engagement with the Zimbabwean State between 2000 and 2010 天主教会的对话方法以及 2000 年至 2010 年间与津巴布韦国家的交往
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n2a6
Stephen Phiri
The Catholic Church's advocacy against bad governance in Zimbabwe (the country's name was Rhodesia till April 18, 1980) can be traced back to its colonial days. The nature of the Catholic Church's participation in the struggle towards good governance is focused on ensuring that the needs of the people are catered for by the responsible governmental structures. As the Catholic Church defends the people's rights, such a defense inevitably forces it to confront and challenge structures responsible for bad governance. Such confrontation or challenge of political or social structures (which it deems responsible for bad governance) is dialogical in nature as the Catholic Church expects a response towards their anticipated change. This article examines the nature of the Catholic Church's dialogical method by using an 'Empathetic Dialogical Method' focusing specifically on three Catholic Bishops' pastoral letters which were written between 2000 and 2010. A critical reflection of these letters reveals the contribution made by the Catholic Church during the post-independence period. In terms of dialogue, the article reveals that the Catholic Church's dialogical method is predominantly non-empathetic. It further understands the dialogical method of the Catholic Church as highly prescriptive and in most cases non-consultative. This position, as the article argues, is influenced by the Catholic Church's religious and political structure.
天主教会反对津巴布韦(1980 年 4 月 18 日之前该国名为罗得西亚)治理不善的主张可以追溯到殖民时期。天主教会参与善治斗争的本质是确保负责任的政府机构满足人民的需求。由于天主教会捍卫人民的权利,这种捍卫不可避免地迫使它对抗和挑战对不良治理负有责任的机构。这种对抗或挑战政治或社会结构(天主教会认为这些结构应对不良治理负责)的行为具有对话性质,因为天主教会期望这些结构对其预期的变革做出回应。本文通过使用 "同情对话法",特别侧重于 2000 年至 2010 年间撰写的三封天主教主教牧函,探讨了天主教会对话方法的性质。对这些信函的批判性反思揭示了天主教会在独立后时期做出的贡献。在对话方面,文章揭示了天主教会的对话方法主要是非同情性的。文章进一步将天主教会的对话方法理解为高度指令性的,在大多数情况下是非协商性的。文章认为,这一立场受到天主教会宗教和政治结构的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Planting Islam in Ghana: A Critical Review of the Approaches 在加纳种植伊斯兰教:对各种方法的批判性评论
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n2a4
C. E. Sarbah
The unique features that a missionary religious tradition exhibits in the receiving land cannot be fully understood until the methods involved in its planting are critically scrutinized. This essay examines the various approaches which have played a crucial role in the planting of Islam in Ghana. Muslim agents during the 14th and 15th centuries started the dissemination of Islam with a largely effective accommodating, flexible approach and attitude to traditional culture and life. Later, certain Islamic elements introduced puritan, reformist approaches with the view of cleansing Islam of 'perceived' indigenous influences. By means of information derived from historico-theological methods, the essay concludes that indigenous Ghanaian life has played a significant role in molding and shaping Islamic beliefs and practices into their unique forms as they are in Ghana today.
只有对传教士在接受国传播伊斯兰教的方法进行严格审查,才能充分理解传教士的宗教传统在接受国所表现出的独特性。本文探讨了在加纳传播伊斯兰教过程中发挥关键作用的各种方法。14 和 15 世纪的穆斯林传播者在传播伊斯兰教时,对传统文化和生活采取了基本有效的包容、灵活的方法和态度。后来,某些伊斯兰教徒引入了清教徒和改革派的方法,目的是清除伊斯兰教中 "被认为 "的本土影响。通过从历史-神学方法中获得的信息,本文得出结论,加纳本土生活在塑造伊斯兰信仰和习俗方面发挥了重要作用,使其形成了今天加纳的独特形式。
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引用次数: 0
Problematizing Confession and Forgiveness in Prophetic Pentecostal Christianity: A Case Study of Rabboni Centre Ministries 先知五旬节派基督教中的忏悔与宽恕问题化:Rabboni 中心牧师个案研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n2a1
M. Frahm-Arp
During COVID lockdown the practice of confession was one of the aspects of the services at Rabboni Centre Ministries, a Prophetic Pentecostal Church, which changed significantly. People had to write their confessions and e-mail them to the church. These were then read out in the middle of various weekday services by a pastor who assured people that the Prophet and God forgave them. The Prophet and founder, Lesego Daniel proclaimed in January 2022 that people can only be set free through this public form of confession, thus making confession far more important in the church than it has ever been. Using discourse analysis this article examines the theological understanding of confessions expressed by followers in early 2023 and finds that they believed that their forgiveness was primarily dependent on the grace of the Prophet. Only some people believed that forgiveness from God was also necessary. Jesus Christ was not mentioned in any of the confessions and was not understood as the one who saves believers from sin and God's judgment. Confession and forgiveness were understood to be the central mechanism that allowed people to be restored to the Rabboni community and the Prophet. Using Bourdieu's notions of habitus, dispositions, and symbolic violence as a theoretical lens, this article argues that the church has established its own habitus in which the symbolic violence of dependence on the Prophet for forgiveness is understood as part of the disposition and power dynamics within the habitus of the church. By using this theoretical lens, the article aims to answer the question why believers conform to the teaching of the Prophet which makes them so dependent on him.
在 COVID 封锁期间,告解是先知五旬节派教会 Rabboni 中心事工的服务内容之一,它发生了很大的变化。人们必须写下告解,并通过电子邮件发送给教会。然后,牧师在平日的各种礼拜中宣读这些忏悔,并向人们保证先知和上帝会宽恕他们。先知兼创始人莱塞戈-丹尼尔于 2022 年 1 月宣布,只有通过这种公开的忏悔形式,人们才能获得自由,从而使忏悔在教会中的重要性远远超过以往。本文通过话语分析研究了 2023 年初信徒们对忏悔的神学理解,发现他们认为自己的宽恕主要取决于先知的恩典。只有一些人认为上帝的宽恕也是必要的。耶稣基督没有在任何忏悔中被提及,也没有被理解为将信徒从罪恶和上帝的审判中拯救出来的人。忏悔和宽恕被认为是让人们重新回到拉博尼社区和先知身边的核心机制。本文以布迪厄(Bourdieu)的惯习、处置和象征性暴力概念为理论视角,论证了教会已经建立了自己的惯习,其中依赖先知宽恕的象征性暴力被理解为教会惯习中处置和权力动态的一部分。通过使用这一理论视角,文章旨在回答为什么信徒会遵从先知的教导,从而对先知产生依赖的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Restrictions on Funeral Gatherings during COVID-19: A Religious/Spiritual Perspective among the Zimbabwean Community Living in South Africa COVID-19 期间对葬礼集会的限制:生活在南非的津巴布韦人的宗教/精神视角
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n2a3
Phillip Musoni
This essay endeavors to understand the impact of COVID-19 hard lockdown restrictions on funeral gatherings from a Zimbabwean religious/spiritual perspective. For most Zimbabwean Christians and non-Christians, funeral rites of passage are at the apex of all religious activities and are revered in most social settings. The central questions to this study are: How have funeral gathering restrictions impacted on the religious/spiritual beliefs of many Zimbabwean immigrants living in South Africa, who were not able to attend funeral ceremonies back home in Zimbabwe? What religious/spiritual implications does it have to attend or not attend funeral ceremonies from a Zimbabwean religious perspective? These questions are raised because during the pandemic, most Zimbabweans who lived in South Africa were forbidden to go home to attend funeral ceremonies due to travelling restrictions between the two countries. This study found that most Zimbabwean immigrants who did not participate in funeral rites of passage due to COVID restrictions were left with spiritual distress after the pandemic. Data for this article were collected through interviews with individuals from Zimbabwe who are living in South Africa. Interviewees were selected using purposive sampling. Confidentiality, anonymity, and suppression of names are some of the ethical considerations maintained throughout this research.
本文试图从津巴布韦宗教/精神的角度来理解 COVID-19 硬性封锁限制对葬礼集会的影响。对于大多数津巴布韦基督徒和非基督徒来说,葬礼仪式是所有宗教活动的顶点,在大多数社会环境中都备受推崇。本研究的核心问题是葬礼聚会的限制对许多生活在南非的津巴布韦移民的宗教/精神信仰有什么影响?从津巴布韦宗教的角度来看,参加或不参加葬礼仪式会产生怎样的宗教/精神影响?之所以提出这些问题,是因为在大流行病期间,由于两国之间的旅行限制,大多数居住在南非的津巴布韦人被禁止回国参加葬礼仪式。本研究发现,由于 COVID 的限制而没有参加葬礼仪式的大多数津巴布韦移民在大流行后都留下了精神痛苦。本文的数据是通过采访居住在南非的津巴布韦人收集的。受访者是通过有目的的抽样选出的。保密、匿名和隐去姓名是本研究始终坚持的一些伦理考虑因素。
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引用次数: 0
Transition from the Opium of Religion to Religion as Opioids: Abuse of Religious Teachings in the New Prophetic Churches in South Africa 从宗教鸦片到宗教阿片类药物的过渡:南非新先知教会对宗教教义的滥用
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n1a4
M. S. Kgatle, J. S. Thinane
The New Prophetic Churches is a religion in the mix, demonstrated by their points of contact with classical Pentecostalism, the prosperity gospel, African independent churches, and African traditional religion. New Prophetic Churches have points of contact with classical Pentecostalism with reference to the doctrine of baptism in the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues. They are also influenced by the African traditional religions with reference to their connection with the spirit world. In addition, they have points of contact with the African independent churches concerning the use of healing and deliverance products. Furthermore, they have points of contact with the prosperity gospel in teaching the message of material blessing. The original form of these influences is presented in this article as opium religion, whereas the corrupted form of these influences is presented as opioid forms of religion. The latter refers to a somewhat dangerous mix of religious teachings, advocated by self-appointed spiritual leaders within the New Prophetic Churches. These spiritual leaders have concocted this mixture contrary to the original purpose of such teachings with the intention to satisfy their commercial desires to the detriment of the spiritual wellbeing of their followers and the sa-credness of religious teachings, particularly Christian teachings. Relying on a literary analysis, this article challenges the religious teachings of opioid religions that undermine the original good intentions with which these teachings are mixed. It suggests that any religious teaching in the Christian tradition should be consistent with the eternal purpose of God's mission, identity in Christ, and the fundamental tenets of the Christian tradition. There are neo-Pentecostal churches that are consistent with the mission of God, bringing solutions to various challenges in Africa. However, the focus here is on the New Prophetic Churches that have transited from the opium of religion to religion as opioids.
新预言教会是一种混合宗教,其与古典五旬节派、繁荣福音、非洲独立教会和非洲传统宗教的接触点表明了这一点。新的预言教会与经典的五旬节派有联系,他们提到了圣灵洗礼和讲方言的教义。他们在与精神世界的联系方面也受到非洲传统宗教的影响。此外,他们还与非洲独立教会就治疗和拯救产品的使用进行了接触。此外,他们在教导物质祝福的信息方面与繁荣福音有联系。这些影响的原始形式在本文中被描述为鸦片宗教,而这些影响的腐败形式被描述为阿片类宗教。后者指的是由新预言教会内部自封的精神领袖倡导的某种危险的宗教教义混合。这些精神领袖炮制了这种混合物,违背了这些教义的初衷,目的是满足他们的商业欲望,损害他们追随者的精神健康和宗教教义,特别是基督教教义的可信度。基于文学分析,本文挑战了阿片类宗教的宗教教义,这些教义破坏了这些教义混合在一起的初衷。它表明,基督教传统中的任何宗教教义都应符合上帝使命的永恒目的、在基督中的身份以及基督教传统的基本原则。有一些新五旬节教会与上帝的使命相一致,为非洲的各种挑战带来了解决方案。然而,这里的重点是新预言教会,它们已经从宗教鸦片过渡到作为阿片类药物的宗教。
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引用次数: 1
Muslim Personal Law, Yes and No: Religious Leader's Views on its Legalization 穆斯林属人法,是与否:宗教领袖对其合法化的看法
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n1a2
M. Suleman
Muslim personal law (MPL) has been a controversial issue in South Africa. Proponents of it becoming legalized in South Africa, say that women would be handed benefits which they do not have because their marriages lack legal recognition. Women lack support from theological bodies which are largely male dominated. These bodies have been accused of adopting a conservative view of Islam and of wanting to maintain the patriarchal status quo. It can be argued that such views are culturally and structurally violent, as they lead to direct violence, as women are denied important resources such as divorce which could be legally ratified in a court where MPL is recognized. Religious leaders who are against MPL, are in a state of 'hysteresis' as Bourdieu would say. Theological bodies, on the other hand, state that MPL cannot be intertwined with secular laws that are contrary to Shariah (Islamic law). They criticize the clergy who were in favor of MPL becoming legalized. My doctoral research focused on religious leaders' views of domestic violence experienced by Muslim women. Using a qualitative research methodology, their views were obtained, using in-depth interviews. Thereafter, their opinions were organized in the form of themes. One of the core themes that emerged from the data, was Muslim religious leaders' views on MPL. In conjunction with the literature, it was found that there are religious leaders against the legalization of MPL and those who favor MPL becoming legalized.
穆斯林属人法在南非一直是一个有争议的问题。南非合法化的支持者表示,女性将获得她们没有的福利,因为她们的婚姻缺乏法律承认。女性缺乏主要由男性主导的神学机构的支持。这些机构被指控对伊斯兰教持保守观点,并希望维持父权制的现状。可以说,这种观点在文化和结构上都是暴力的,因为它们会导致直接暴力,因为妇女被剥夺了离婚等重要资源,而离婚可以在承认MPL的法院得到法律批准。正如布迪厄所说,反对人民解放运动的宗教领袖正处于“滞后”状态。另一方面,神学机构指出,MPL不能与违反伊斯兰教法的世俗法律交织在一起。他们批评那些支持MPL合法化的神职人员。我的博士研究重点是宗教领袖对穆斯林妇女遭受家庭暴力的看法。采用定性研究方法,通过深入访谈获得了他们的观点。此后,他们的意见以主题的形式组织起来。数据中出现的核心主题之一是穆斯林宗教领袖对MPL的看法。结合文献,我们发现有宗教领袖反对人民解放运动合法化,也有人支持人民解放运动的合法化。
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引用次数: 0
The Politics of Post-Essential Islamic Liberation Theology: The Difference and Intersection between Farid Esack and Hamid Dabashi 后本质伊斯兰解放神学的政治:法里德·埃萨克与哈米德·达巴什的差异与交集
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n1a3
Ashraf Kunnummal
Farid Esack and Hamid Dabashi are two critical Islamic liberation theology scholars who redefined the discourse on 'self and 'other' in contemporary Islamic thought. These two scholars engage with the self and other category of pluralism and the employment of theodicy in Islamic liberation theology. Using pluralism to clear the space for a liberating praxis is the task of Esack, while Dabashi uses the idea of theodicy to challenge the existing consensus on and reconfigure the liberation in Islamic liberation theology. Moving from the otherness of Muslims to the multiplicity of otherness - the various manifestations of self and other - in a pluriversal horizon of liberation, this article deploys both Esack's and Dabashi's notions of self and other towards building a new politics of Islamic liberation theology.
法里德·埃萨克(Farid Esack)和哈米德·达巴什(Hamid Dabashi)是两位批判性的伊斯兰解放神学学者,他们重新定义了当代伊斯兰思想中的“自我”和“他者”话语。这两位学者探讨了多元主义的自我和他者范畴,以及伊斯兰解放神学中神正论的运用。用多元主义为解放实践扫清空间是埃萨克的任务,而达巴什则用神正论的思想挑战伊斯兰解放神学中已有的解放共识并重新配置解放。从穆斯林的他者性到他者性的多样性——自我和他者的各种表现——在一个多元的解放视野中,本文运用了埃萨克和达巴什关于自我和他者的概念,以建立一个伊斯兰解放神学的新政治。
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引用次数: 0
White Izangoma: The Creation of New Significance or New Members of Traditional Healing-Divining Practice? White Izangoma:传统治疗潜水实践的新意义还是新成员的创造?
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17159/2413-3027/2023/v36n1a1
Agnieszka Podolecka
One of the social changes with the collapse of Apartheid in the South African society was the emergence of so-called 'white isangomas' or 'white izangoma'. This was not the first time that people of European origins were called by amadlozi (ancestral spirits) to ubungoma2. The first records are dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, but the social situation (colonialism and then Apartheid) made it impossible for Whites to be trained. However, with the growing awareness of the importance of African cultures, white people who felt the calling, started looking for answers. The calling is characterized by a sickness of body and mind that shows itself in having visions and an overwhelming weakness. It is widely believed that it can be healed only through the training by a fully-fledged isangoma. This essay analyses white izangoma vocation and work, establishing if they really are part of ubungo-ma, and if they influence and change black izangoma'steachings and work. The information originates from the author's field study, written izangoma'stestimonials, and other academic research. The field studies that allowed gathering first-hand information for this essay were financed by the Polish National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki), Poland, project no. 2017/25/N/HS1/02500.
随着南非社会种族隔离制度的崩溃,社会发生了变化,其中之一就是出现了所谓的“白人伊桑戈马”或“白人伊桑戈马”。这不是欧洲血统的人第一次被祖先的灵魂称为乌班戈马2。最早的记录可以追溯到20世纪初,但社会状况(殖民主义和种族隔离)使白人无法接受培训。然而,随着人们越来越意识到非洲文化的重要性,感受到这种召唤的白人开始寻找答案。这种召唤的特点是身体和精神的疾病,表现为有幻觉和压倒性的弱点。人们普遍认为,只有经过成熟的伊桑戈玛的训练,它才能痊愈。本文分析了白人伊桑戈玛的职业和工作,确定他们是否真的是乌班戈玛的一部分,以及他们是否影响和改变了黑人伊桑戈马的职业和生活。这些信息来源于作者的实地研究、伊桑戈玛的评论和其他学术研究。为本文收集第一手信息的实地研究由波兰国家科学中心(Narodowe Centrum Nauki)资助,项目编号为2017/25/N/HS1/02500。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal for the Study of Religion
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