{"title":"The Shifting Environment of Medical Knowledge and the Necessity for Professional Adjustment","authors":"A. M. Mohammad","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i2.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i2.1089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43902836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The current study aims to utilize blood bank data collected from the Army forces hospital in Makkah to improve transfusion services at Makkah hospitals and evaluate the inventory system during the Hajj season. Methods: Three years' results showed that blood centre production is not constant, with an average of 1800 units during Hajj season that includes Cryo (450), FFP (450), PLT (450), and PRBC (450) units. Moreover, data indicated that the average usage of units is 1119 during the same season (120 Cryo, 424 FFP, 207 PLT and 368 PRBC). Results: This demonstrated that the inventory of blood units fluctuates during the year with an overproduction of Cryo (80%), FFP (67%), PLT (83%) and PRBC (57%) units in Hajj Season. It can be concluded that the manner and effectiveness with which the present issues in Makkah blood banking are having a major impact on the current system used to obtain the nation's blood supply and the safety, adequacy, and operational cost of that supply. Conclusion: The current study recommends building a generic data warehouse with smart decision support systems that use artificial intelligence to maintain blood bank production and inventory system during the year, especially during Hajj and Umrah seasons.
{"title":"An evaluation of blood components inventory management during Hajj and Umrah season at Makkah hospitals","authors":"Saeed M Kabrah","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1303","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The current study aims to utilize blood bank data collected from the Army forces hospital in Makkah to improve transfusion services at Makkah hospitals and evaluate the inventory system during the Hajj season. \u0000Methods: Three years' results showed that blood centre production is not constant, with an average of 1800 units during Hajj season that includes Cryo (450), FFP (450), PLT (450), and PRBC (450) units. Moreover, data indicated that the average usage of units is 1119 during the same season (120 Cryo, 424 FFP, 207 PLT and 368 PRBC). \u0000Results: This demonstrated that the inventory of blood units fluctuates during the year with an overproduction of Cryo (80%), FFP (67%), PLT (83%) and PRBC (57%) units in Hajj Season. It can be concluded that the manner and effectiveness with which the present issues in Makkah blood banking are having a major impact on the current system used to obtain the nation's blood supply and the safety, adequacy, and operational cost of that supply. \u0000Conclusion: The current study recommends building a generic data warehouse with smart decision support systems that use artificial intelligence to maintain blood bank production and inventory system during the year, especially during Hajj and Umrah seasons.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46394816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jastaniah, Taghreed Yasir Jamal, Reda H. Amashah, M. Aly
Objective: This study aimed to find new strategies for the prevention of bacterial biofilms and investigate the effect of some plant extracts on the biofilm formation by certain pathogenic bacterial strains in-vitro. Methods: Fourteen different biofilm forming bacterial isolates were collected and their biofilm were quantitatively measured under different temperature, pH and growth medium using Crystal violet staining method. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the isolates were estimated and a comparison between the tested isolates was made. The effect of some plant extracts on bacterial growth, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide quantity was determined. Results: The two isolates, Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC13932) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC700613) were among the most active biofilm forming bacterial isolates. The optimum temperature, pH and media for EPS production and biofilm formation were determined. The effect of some plant extracts of Cranberry; Pomegranate peel and, Arak on growth and formation of biofilm and EPS were recorded. Moreover, minimum inhibition concentration of each plant extract was performed. Conclusion: EPS quantity produced from the tested isolates depends on some effective factors such temperature, media contents and pH. Aqueous-Cranberry, aqueous-Pomegranate Peel and methanolic-Arak extracts have antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on L. monocytogenes and K. pneumonia. Thus, application of new natural approaches for inhibiting bacterial biofilm is important to prevent persistent and recurrent biofilm related infections.
{"title":"New Strategies for Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm Formation and Persistence","authors":"S. Jastaniah, Taghreed Yasir Jamal, Reda H. Amashah, M. Aly","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1302","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to find new strategies for the prevention of bacterial biofilms and investigate the effect of some plant extracts on the biofilm formation by certain pathogenic bacterial strains in-vitro. \u0000Methods: Fourteen different biofilm forming bacterial isolates were collected and their biofilm were quantitatively measured under different temperature, pH and growth medium using Crystal violet staining method. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the isolates were estimated and a comparison between the tested isolates was made. The effect of some plant extracts on bacterial growth, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide quantity was determined. \u0000Results: The two isolates, Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC13932) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC700613) were among the most active biofilm forming bacterial isolates. The optimum temperature, pH and media for EPS production and biofilm formation were determined. The effect of some plant extracts of Cranberry; Pomegranate peel and, Arak on growth and formation of biofilm and EPS were recorded. Moreover, minimum inhibition concentration of each plant extract was performed. \u0000Conclusion: EPS quantity produced from the tested isolates depends on some effective factors such temperature, media contents and pH. Aqueous-Cranberry, aqueous-Pomegranate Peel and methanolic-Arak extracts have antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on L. monocytogenes and K. pneumonia. Thus, application of new natural approaches for inhibiting bacterial biofilm is important to prevent persistent and recurrent biofilm related infections.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49343644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Relapse is a challenge for patients with severe mental illness (SMI). The purpose of present study was to explain the health care team’s perception of social factors affecting SMI relapse. Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 23 members of healthcare team. Content analysis was used to categorize the data. Results: The social factors affecting the relapse of SMI could be classified in three categories of community-related factors, cultural factors, and family-related factors. The first category included low socioeconomic status, lack of community support for SMI patients, and insufficient awareness of community about SMI. The second category included false beliefs and misconceptions, and negative attitudes towards SMI. The third category also included dysfunctional family and non-supportive family. Conclusion: In order to deal with cultural misconceptions that lead to the relapse of SMI, it is necessary to implement culture-based interventions to correctly confront negative attitudes and stigmatized beliefs and fight against cultural taboos that govern the phenomenon of SMI relapse in Iran. It seems that the implementation of family-centered interventions for the family of patients with SMI can reduce the burden of family-related factors in disease relapse.
{"title":"Social factors affecting relapse of severe mental illness: A qualitative analysis of healthcare team's perceptions","authors":"N. Seyedfatemi, S. Saber","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1294","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Relapse is a challenge for patients with severe mental illness (SMI). The purpose of present study was to explain the health care team’s perception of social factors affecting SMI relapse. \u0000Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 23 members of healthcare team. Content analysis was used to categorize the data. \u0000Results: The social factors affecting the relapse of SMI could be classified in three categories of community-related factors, cultural factors, and family-related factors. The first category included low socioeconomic status, lack of community support for SMI patients, and insufficient awareness of community about SMI. The second category included false beliefs and misconceptions, and negative attitudes towards SMI. The third category also included dysfunctional family and non-supportive family. \u0000Conclusion: In order to deal with cultural misconceptions that lead to the relapse of SMI, it is necessary to implement culture-based interventions to correctly confront negative attitudes and stigmatized beliefs and fight against cultural taboos that govern the phenomenon of SMI relapse in Iran. It seems that the implementation of family-centered interventions for the family of patients with SMI can reduce the burden of family-related factors in disease relapse.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43059144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The study aims to in investigating the role of the asprosin hormone and its relationship with vitamin D in patients with metabolic syndrome and clinical parameters. Methods: The study included measurement asprosin hormone, vitamin D, and some biochemical variable levels in metabolic syndrome patients with age matching to the control group (35 - 65 years). The study includes (95) samples of metabolic syndrome patients [49female, 46 males] who were attending the abdominal consultation unit at the Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq . MetS were diagnosed in compliance with the criteria of the NCEP (ATP III) and AHA/ NHLB . Samples were collected during the period from January 2021 to December 2021. Also, the study was carried out on 76 samples of apparently healthy (40 female, 36 male) as a control group. Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in the concertation of the asprosin hormone in metabolic syndrome patients compared to the control group. Also, it has been found that was a significant increase in the concertation of fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol , total cholesterol and urea. In addition to a decline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL), (HOMA-B ), vitamin D and Calcium among metabolic syndrome patients. there is also a significant inverse correlation between asprosin hormone with the Vitamin D. Conclusion: The study concluded that the hormone asprosin is a good indicator that reflects the status of metabolic syndrome patients and vitamin D appeared to be associated with MetS, as well as the Insulin resistance (IR) and lipid profile.
{"title":"Study interplay between Asprosin with Vitamin D in metabolic syndrome","authors":"Shahabas Mohammed, T. A. Allwsh","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1300","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study aims to in investigating the role of the asprosin hormone and its relationship with vitamin D in patients with metabolic syndrome and clinical parameters. Methods: The study included measurement asprosin hormone, vitamin D, and some biochemical variable levels in metabolic syndrome patients with age matching to the control group (35 - 65 years). The study includes (95) samples of metabolic syndrome patients [49female, 46 males] who were attending the abdominal consultation unit at the Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq . MetS were diagnosed in compliance with the criteria of the NCEP (ATP III) and AHA/ NHLB . Samples were collected during the period from January 2021 to December 2021. Also, the study was carried out on 76 samples of apparently healthy (40 female, 36 male) as a control group. Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in the concertation of the asprosin hormone in metabolic syndrome patients compared to the control group. Also, it has been found that was a significant increase in the concertation of fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol , total cholesterol and urea. In addition to a decline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL), (HOMA-B ), vitamin D and Calcium among metabolic syndrome patients. there is also a significant inverse correlation between asprosin hormone with the Vitamin D. Conclusion: The study concluded that the hormone asprosin is a good indicator that reflects the status of metabolic syndrome patients and vitamin D appeared to be associated with MetS, as well as the Insulin resistance (IR) and lipid profile.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44998184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoorieh Mohhamadi Kenari, Sakineh Erabi, A. Ghobadi
Decreased tissue blood flow causes pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on the area, which becomes problematic for immobile individuals. The medical community has often been involved in curing such a problem in individuals with disabilities and immobility. To alleviate this problem, therefore, plenty of investigations are always seeking novel methods. Furthermore, herbal plants are increasingly used owing to the accepted status of plant-derived drugs in recent years. Our female case aged 52 years that was referred to the wound clinic complaining sensory and motor weakness of the upper extremity and sudden paralysis of the lower extremity as of 1 year ago, which was diagnosed as myelitis. She complained of two wounds on both sides of the right and left buttocks with a size of 9 × 5 and another 6 × 4.5 cm from 3 months ago, and a wound with a size of 5 × 4.5 in the sacral area (sacrum) from 20 days prior to the admission. There was tissue necrosis without muscle engagement, osteomyelitis, or tunneling; besides, nasty odors and sludge were absent accounted for in class 3 in the group of wounds. She received starting therapy using Arnebia euchroma oil. As of the 2nd week onward, she was treated very successfully, and the complete wound healing occurred in 8 weeks. The use of A. euchroma for wound healing and reducing infection and inflammation can greatly contribute to the cure of pressure ulcers and can be properly suggested in healing these ulcers.
{"title":"The effectiveness of topical Arnebia euchroma Oil in the treatment of Pressure Ulcer: A Case Report","authors":"Hoorieh Mohhamadi Kenari, Sakineh Erabi, A. Ghobadi","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1276","url":null,"abstract":"Decreased tissue blood flow causes pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on the area, which becomes problematic for immobile individuals. The medical community has often been involved in curing such a problem in individuals with disabilities and immobility. To alleviate this problem, therefore, plenty of investigations are always seeking novel methods. Furthermore, herbal plants are increasingly used owing to the accepted status of plant-derived drugs in recent years. Our female case aged 52 years that was referred to the wound clinic complaining sensory and motor weakness of the upper extremity and sudden paralysis of the lower extremity as of 1 year ago, which was diagnosed as myelitis. She complained of two wounds on both sides of the right and left buttocks with a size of 9 × 5 and another 6 × 4.5 cm from 3 months ago, and a wound with a size of 5 × 4.5 in the sacral area (sacrum) from 20 days prior to the admission. There was tissue necrosis without muscle engagement, osteomyelitis, or tunneling; besides, nasty odors and sludge were absent accounted for in class 3 in the group of wounds. She received starting therapy using Arnebia euchroma oil. As of the 2nd week onward, she was treated very successfully, and the complete wound healing occurred in 8 weeks. The use of A. euchroma for wound healing and reducing infection and inflammation can greatly contribute to the cure of pressure ulcers and can be properly suggested in healing these ulcers.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42060098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: First, to determine prevalence of vaccinated COVID-19 patients among hospitalized patients; Second, to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 300 adult COVID-19 hospitalized patients at Duhok COVID-19 health facilities. A prospective cross-sectional study was used as the study design. Between October 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, all patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Results: The majority of people in this study were unvaccinated. Pfizer was most popular among people who had received vaccination. The majority of hospitalized patients were old ages, the mean age was 60.73 ± 15.83 yr. In our study, the unvaccinated females had higher infection rates while vaccinated males had higher hospital admission rates. In our study, vaccinated patients had shorter hospital duration stays. In both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, predominated cases were severe cases. D dimer was significantly higher among vaccinated patients. The mortality rate was relatively high among both groups. Patients who had received vaccinations tended to experience vomiting and flu-like symptoms more frequently than those who had not. In terms of comorbidities, smoking and malignancy were significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection in unvaccinated patients. Conclusion: We looked at 300 COVID-19 hospitalized patients. In this study, the majority of people were unvaccinated. Pfizer, had higher prevalence among vaccinated individuals. Majority were elderly. The unvaccinated cases had a higher rate of female hospital admissions than male. The D.Dimer level was significantly different between the two groups. Vomiting and flu-like illness showed higher prevalence in vaccinated cases with significant difference. Smoking and malignancy were significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection in unvaccinated patients. In the fight against a public health disaster like a COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of a COVID-19 vaccines campaign are crucial.
{"title":"Charcterization of COVID-19 hospitalized adult patients, vaccinated vs non-vaccinated in Duhok province","authors":"Paiman Abdulsalam Mohammed, Muayad Aghali Merza","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1272","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: First, to determine prevalence of vaccinated COVID-19 patients among hospitalized patients; Second, to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients.\u0000Methods: The study was carried out on 300 adult COVID-19 hospitalized patients at Duhok COVID-19 health facilities. A prospective cross-sectional study was used as the study design. Between October 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, all patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled.\u0000Results: The majority of people in this study were unvaccinated. Pfizer was most popular among people who had received vaccination. The majority of hospitalized patients were old ages, the mean age was 60.73 ± 15.83 yr. In our study, the unvaccinated females had higher infection rates while vaccinated males had higher hospital admission rates. In our study, vaccinated patients had shorter hospital duration stays. In both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, predominated cases were severe cases. D dimer was significantly higher among vaccinated patients. The mortality rate was relatively high among both groups. Patients who had received vaccinations tended to experience vomiting and flu-like symptoms more frequently than those who had not. In terms of comorbidities, smoking and malignancy were significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection in unvaccinated patients.\u0000Conclusion: We looked at 300 COVID-19 hospitalized patients. In this study, the majority of people were unvaccinated. Pfizer, had higher prevalence among vaccinated individuals. Majority were elderly. The unvaccinated cases had a higher rate of female hospital admissions than male. The D.Dimer level was significantly different between the two groups. Vomiting and flu-like illness showed higher prevalence in vaccinated cases with significant difference. Smoking and malignancy were significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection in unvaccinated patients. In the fight against a public health disaster like a COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of a COVID-19 vaccines campaign are crucial.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46383718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a diversity of the phenotypes among the patients. SLE is still one of the great challenges due to the lacking of specific biomarkers for diagnosis, assessing disease activity, and prediction of response to therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of circulating levels of IRF5 protein in sample of SLE Iraqi patients and its correlation with disease activity, to identify a potential immunological biomarker to mirror disease activity. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 59 participants diagnosed with SLE cases classified according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. They were scored through the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) to estimate the disease activity, and according to it they were subdivided into “SLE-1 group” (SLEDAI-2k ≤5), and “SLE-2 group” (SLEDAI-2k >5), as well as age and gender matched healthy control group. Circulating levels of IRF5 protein were measured in sera samples by ELISA method. Results: Our result revealed that the circulating levels of IRF5 protein were significantly higher in the SLE-2 group rather than control group (p<0.01), while there was a non-significant difference between SLE-1 group and control group (p>0.05), as well as between both SLE patient groups. Moreover, the circulating IRF5 protein levels were found to be correlated positively and significantly with disease activity index in both SLE patient groups. The correlation between the circulating levels of IRF5 protein with other parameters revealed that a significant positive correlation was found in SLE-1 group with ESR and globulins, and negative correlation with Hb and (albumin/ globulin) ratio, while in SLE-2 group were positively correlated with urea, creatinine, and uric acid. The analysis of receiver operator curves (ROC) for circulating levels of IRF5 protein in SLE-1 and SLE-2 groups showed a good accuracy to distinguish SLE patients from healthy individuals (AUC=0.758, sensitivity=65.5%, and specificity=69%,), and (AUC=0.788, sensitivity=77.3%, and specificity=72.0%,), respectively. Conclusions: The circulating levels of IRF5 protein correlate with disease activity in SLE patients reflects the possibility of using it as a potential immunological biomarker for diagnosis, and monitoring the disease activity.
目的:系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是患者表型的多样性。由于缺乏用于诊断、评估疾病活动性和预测治疗反应的特异性生物标志物，SLE仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本研究旨在探讨IRF5蛋白循环水平在伊拉克SLE患者样本中的作用及其与疾病活动性的相关性，以确定反映疾病活动性的潜在免疫生物标志物。方法:根据美国风湿病学会(American College of Rheumatology, ACR)的标准，采集59例SLE患者的血液样本。通过SLE疾病活动性指数2000 (SLEDAI-2K)对其进行评分，估计其疾病活动性，并根据该指数将其细分为“SLE-1组”(SLEDAI-2K≤5)、“SLE-2组”(SLEDAI-2K bbb5)以及年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组。采用ELISA法检测血清中循环IRF5蛋白水平。结果:我们的研究结果显示，SLE-2组循环中IRF5蛋白水平明显高于对照组(p0.05)，两组SLE患者之间也是如此。此外，在两组SLE患者中，循环IRF5蛋白水平与疾病活动指数呈正相关且显著。循环IRF5蛋白水平与其他参数的相关性显示，sle1组与ESR、球蛋白呈显著正相关，与Hb、(白蛋白/球蛋白)比呈负相关，sle2组与尿素、肌酐、尿酸呈显著正相关。SLE-1组和SLE-2组IRF5蛋白循环水平的受试者操作曲线(ROC)分析显示，SLE患者与健康个体的区分准确率较高(AUC=0.758，敏感性=65.5%，特异性=69%)，AUC=0.788，敏感性=77.3%，特异性=72.0%)。结论:循环中IRF5蛋白水平与SLE患者疾病活动性相关，反映了将其作为潜在的免疫生物标志物用于诊断和监测疾病活动性的可能性。
{"title":"Circulating levels of Interferon regulatory Factor-5 correlates with disease activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Iraqi patients","authors":"Zainab M. Dahham, N. I. Haddad","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1299","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a diversity of the phenotypes among the patients. SLE is still one of the great challenges due to the lacking of specific biomarkers for diagnosis, assessing disease activity, and prediction of response to therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of circulating levels of IRF5 protein in sample of SLE Iraqi patients and its correlation with disease activity, to identify a potential immunological biomarker to mirror disease activity. \u0000Methods: Blood samples were taken from 59 participants diagnosed with SLE cases classified according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. They were scored through the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) to estimate the disease activity, and according to it they were subdivided into “SLE-1 group” (SLEDAI-2k ≤5), and “SLE-2 group” (SLEDAI-2k >5), as well as age and gender matched healthy control group. Circulating levels of IRF5 protein were measured in sera samples by ELISA method. \u0000Results: Our result revealed that the circulating levels of IRF5 protein were significantly higher in the SLE-2 group rather than control group (p<0.01), while there was a non-significant difference between SLE-1 group and control group (p>0.05), as well as between both SLE patient groups. Moreover, the circulating IRF5 protein levels were found to be correlated positively and significantly with disease activity index in both SLE patient groups. The correlation between the circulating levels of IRF5 protein with other parameters revealed that a significant positive correlation was found in SLE-1 group with ESR and globulins, and negative correlation with Hb and (albumin/ globulin) ratio, while in SLE-2 group were positively correlated with urea, creatinine, and uric acid. The analysis of receiver operator curves (ROC) for circulating levels of IRF5 protein in SLE-1 and SLE-2 groups showed a good accuracy to distinguish SLE patients from healthy individuals (AUC=0.758, sensitivity=65.5%, and specificity=69%,), and (AUC=0.788, sensitivity=77.3%, and specificity=72.0%,), respectively. \u0000Conclusions: The circulating levels of IRF5 protein correlate with disease activity in SLE patients reflects the possibility of using it as a potential immunological biomarker for diagnosis, and monitoring the disease activity.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Baclofen is a skeletal muscle relaxant with a short half-life and a narrow absorption window in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, and this study aims to formulate a sustained-release tablet of baclofen and 3D printing of gastro-floating device and study the effect of various polymers and device design on the release profile of baclofen. Method: Firstly, four formulas were produced through the hot-melt extrusion and direct compression of the extrudate to produce 30 mg baclofen tablets, then four gastro-floating devices (A, B, C, and D) were designed with two air pockets to enable the floating of the device and have drug-releasing windows with total surface area 4, 10, 20, and 40 mm2 respectively, for drug release. 3D printing of the devices was done by an FDM printer and the tablets were inserted into each device and test it for drug release. Results: Decreasing the surface area of the drug releasing windows revealed a significant reduction in the dissolution of baclofen irrespective of the type of polymers and useful for sustained release formulation but may be associated with lag time. Devices with one and two releasing windows (Device B and C respectively) sometimes revealed similar dissolution profiles and this related to the position of the window regarding the surface of the dissolution media. Device D with four windows and a 40 mm2 surface area was found to produce more reliable results. F3 which contains Eudragit RS-100 as the main polymer showed sustained release in device D where the complete dissolution of the drug occurred in 12 hours, and the gastro-floating device remained floating all the time and was assayed for drug content, FT-IR, and DSC study. Conclusion: Hot-melt extrusion was successfully employed to produce sustained release tablets of baclofen. FDM 3D printers are considered a potential tool to produce gastro-floating devices with the required design and release profile.
{"title":"Development of Gastro-floating drug delivery system by 3D Printing: Impact of formulation and design on the release profile of Baclofen","authors":"Nuha Mohammed Abdulkhaleq, M. M. Ghareeb","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1304","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Baclofen is a skeletal muscle relaxant with a short half-life and a narrow absorption window in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, and this study aims to formulate a sustained-release tablet of baclofen and 3D printing of gastro-floating device and study the effect of various polymers and device design on the release profile of baclofen. \u0000Method: Firstly, four formulas were produced through the hot-melt extrusion and direct compression of the extrudate to produce 30 mg baclofen tablets, then four gastro-floating devices (A, B, C, and D) were designed with two air pockets to enable the floating of the device and have drug-releasing windows with total surface area 4, 10, 20, and 40 mm2 respectively, for drug release. 3D printing of the devices was done by an FDM printer and the tablets were inserted into each device and test it for drug release. \u0000Results: Decreasing the surface area of the drug releasing windows revealed a significant reduction in the dissolution of baclofen irrespective of the type of polymers and useful for sustained release formulation but may be associated with lag time. Devices with one and two releasing windows (Device B and C respectively) sometimes revealed similar dissolution profiles and this related to the position of the window regarding the surface of the dissolution media. Device D with four windows and a 40 mm2 surface area was found to produce more reliable results. F3 which contains Eudragit RS-100 as the main polymer showed sustained release in device D where the complete dissolution of the drug occurred in 12 hours, and the gastro-floating device remained floating all the time and was assayed for drug content, FT-IR, and DSC study. \u0000Conclusion: Hot-melt extrusion was successfully employed to produce sustained release tablets of baclofen. FDM 3D printers are considered a potential tool to produce gastro-floating devices with the required design and release profile.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46057797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alhanouf M. Alkhammash, W. Alshehri, A. Alhozali, A. Bahieldin
The gut microbiota presented in the human digestive system plays an active role in maintaining host health. Recent studies that rely on the use of high throughput metagenomic sequencing (MGS) revealed the association of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial community and many chronic diseases, specifically type 2 diabetes (T2D). This disease is considered one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide comprising up to 90%. This article presents the most prominent research in this field and summarizes the method used to study the diversity of the gut microbiome through the use bioinformatics tools. We highlight the role of gut metabolic products in the development of T2D, as many studies have proven the influence of microbial metabolite products, such as LPS and SCFAs, on blood glucose levels through the microbial-host cross-talk. In addition, this article underlines the interaction of epigenetic mechanisms and the gut microbiome in regulating and developing T2D. The latter can be an appropriate preventative or therapeutic approach for several human metabolic diseases. Therefore, future research is required to build new type of T2D therapy based on epigenetic mechanisms, microbial composition, and microbial metabolites.
{"title":"Link of gut microbiome with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Alhanouf M. Alkhammash, W. Alshehri, A. Alhozali, A. Bahieldin","doi":"10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1305","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiota presented in the human digestive system plays an active role in maintaining host health. Recent studies that rely on the use of high throughput metagenomic sequencing (MGS) revealed the association of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial community and many chronic diseases, specifically type 2 diabetes (T2D). This disease is considered one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide comprising up to 90%. This article presents the most prominent research in this field and summarizes the method used to study the diversity of the gut microbiome through the use bioinformatics tools. We highlight the role of gut metabolic products in the development of T2D, as many studies have proven the influence of microbial metabolite products, such as LPS and SCFAs, on blood glucose levels through the microbial-host cross-talk. In addition, this article underlines the interaction of epigenetic mechanisms and the gut microbiome in regulating and developing T2D. The latter can be an appropriate preventative or therapeutic approach for several human metabolic diseases. Therefore, future research is required to build new type of T2D therapy based on epigenetic mechanisms, microbial composition, and microbial metabolites.","PeriodicalId":42860,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48777511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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