Vaccine: X最新文献

{"title":"Estimating historical disease burden and the impact of vaccination by influenza type and subtype in the United States, 2016–2020","authors":"Sinead E. Morris ,&nbsp;Sarabeth M. Mathis ,&nbsp;Jessie R. Chung ,&nbsp;Brendan Flannery ,&nbsp;Alissa O'Halloran ,&nbsp;Charisse N. Cummings ,&nbsp;Shikha Garg ,&nbsp;Peng-Jun Lu ,&nbsp;Tammy A. Santibanez ,&nbsp;Carrie Reed ,&nbsp;Matthew Biggerstaff ,&nbsp;A. Danielle Iuliano","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses a compartmental framework to estimate the annual disease burden and burden prevented by vaccination for all influenza types and subtypes combined. However, these estimates do not capture underlying shifts in disease burden caused by different circulating influenza virus types or subtypes. We demonstrate an extension of the current framework to estimate disease burden and burden prevented by vaccination for influenza A virus subtypes A(H1N1) and A(H3N2), and influenza type B viruses. We applied this method to data from the 2016/17 to 2019/20 seasons that included age- and virus-specific hospitalizations and vaccine effectiveness estimates, and age-specific vaccination coverage estimates. We estimated the number of symptomatic illnesses, medically-attended illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by each virus, and the corresponding number prevented by vaccination. Disease burden and vaccine-prevented disease burden varied substantially by season, age, and virus type or subtype. The greatest disease burden was estimated in 2017/18, whereas 2019/20 had the greatest burden prevented by vaccination. Influenza A viruses contributed most to disease burden in all seasons. Vaccination against influenza B viruses prevented the largest percentage of hospitalizations among children and adults &lt;65 years, whereas vaccination against A(H1N1) prevented the largest percentage of hospitalizations among adults ≥65 years. Overall, our results highlight complex variability in influenza disease burden by season, age, and virus type and subtype. These findings can be used to improve our understanding of the factors impacting influenza disease burden each season and to enhance communications of the value of influenza vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards hepatitis A virus immunization in Jordan: A nationwide cross-sectional study","authors":"Jehad A. Yasin ,&nbsp;Fares A. Qtaishat ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Amer A. Tamimi ,&nbsp;Leen A. Alkuttob ,&nbsp;Muaath I. Alsufi ,&nbsp;Ramez M. Odat ,&nbsp;Yazeed H. Heqail ,&nbsp;Areen Hatamleh ,&nbsp;Diala Walid Abu-Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an RNA virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water and poor sanitation. Although the HAV vaccine was included in Jordan's vaccination program in 2020 to address rising infection rates, there is limited research on the population's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HAV.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards hepatitis A and its vaccine among Jordanian adults, identify their predictors, and inform future educational interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational cross-sectional study utilized data from Jordanians in all regions of the country. Data collection was conducted via an online Arabic survey to collect information regarding demographics, HAV knowledge, immunization attitudes, and practices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data were collected from 716 participants. Female participants resembled 60.3 % of participants, with a mean age of 31.18 years old. Participants deemed doctors as a trustworthy source of knowledge, however, only 46.51 % would consult them for information regarding HAV and its vaccine. The findings highlighted lower HAV vaccination knowledge and poorer attitudes in participants from the southern region of the country (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Higher knowledge scores were positively correlated with attitudes towards immunization (p &lt; 0.001). Females demonstrated significantly higher attitude scores compared with males, as shown by the Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> Test (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and regression coefficients. Positive attitudes towards vaccination positively influenced immunization willingness, while age had a negative influence (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study offered valuable insight on the gaps in HAV knowledge among Jordanians, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions. Future research should identify additional cultural and socioeconomic factors that may play a role in HAV knowledge and attitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-centre, single arm, Phase 3 study to assess the safety and reactogenicity of biological Es Vi-capsular polysaccharide-CRM197 conjugate typhoid vaccine in ≥6 months old infants to ≤45 years old adults.","authors":"Subhash Thuluva ,&nbsp;Ramesh V. Matur ,&nbsp;Subbareddy Gunneri ,&nbsp;Vijay Yerroju ,&nbsp;Rammohan Reddy Mogulla ,&nbsp;Chirag Dhar ,&nbsp;Raju Esanakarra ,&nbsp;Savita Verma ,&nbsp;Manish Narang ,&nbsp;Madhukar Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection caused by <em>Salmonella Typhi</em>, with a significant burden in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South/Southeast Asia. To mitigate its spread, the World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for typhoid vaccination programs that particularly target high-risk populations. However, unconjugated polysaccharide vaccines have shown limited efficacy in children under two years of age.</div><div>Biological E has developed a typhoid conjugate vaccine, TYPHIBEV®, which incorporates the Vi-polysaccharide conjugated to the CRM₁₉₇ carrier protein. TYPHIBEV®’s safety and immunogenicity were evaluated in Phase 1 and Phase 2/3 clinical trials involving infants, children, adolescents, and adults, compared to an established licensed vaccine. This Phase 3 study was specifically designed to assess the safety profile of TYPHIBEV® in the target population aged ≥6 months to ≤45 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multi-centre, single-arm, non-comparative Phase 3 study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability and reactogenicity of a single intramuscular dose of Biological E's Vi-capsular Polysaccharide-CRM₁₉₇ Conjugate Typhoid Vaccine. A total of 1770 subjects were enrolled into three age subsets; infants and toddlers, ≥6 months to &lt;2 years of age; children and adolescents, ≥2 years to &lt;18 years of age; and adults, ≥18 years to ≤45 years of age (<em>n</em> = 590 in each age group). A single dose of THPHIBEV® was administered, and all the subjects were followed up for a period of 42 days. Solicited local and systemic AEs were recorded up until 7 days post-vaccination. Unsolicited AEs, serious AEs (SAEs), and medically attended AEs (MAAEs) were recorded throughout the study duration.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A total of 114 AEs were recorded in 101 (5.71 %) participants. A majority of these AEs were solicited in nature with general disorders and administration site conditions reported in 5.42 % of participants. The most commonly reported AEs were injection site pain and pyrexia. All MAAEs (1.30 % subjects) were solicited and pyrexia (0.85 % of subjects) was the most common reason for medical attention. No severe or serious AEs and/or deaths were reported throughout the study. None of the subjects discontinued the study due to an AE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TYPHIBEV® was found to be safe and well tolerated across different age groups and the safety profile was comparable to other TCVs in terms of reported solicited and unsolicited AEs. No severe or serious AEs were reported during the entire study period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-month evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine (Bio-TCV®) in Indonesian subjects 6 months to 45 years: A phase III randomized clinical trial","authors":"Bernie Endyarni Medise ,&nbsp;I. Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani ,&nbsp;Dominicus Husada ,&nbsp;Rini Sekartini ,&nbsp;Hartono Gunardi ,&nbsp;Angga Wirahmadi ,&nbsp;Dwiyanti Puspitasari ,&nbsp;Leny Kartina ,&nbsp;I. Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana ,&nbsp;I. Gusti Lanang Sidiartha ,&nbsp;I. Made Dwi Lingga Utama ,&nbsp;I. Ketut Agus Somia ,&nbsp;Iris Rengganis ,&nbsp;Sukamto Koesnoe ,&nbsp;Hindra Irawan Satari ,&nbsp;Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko ,&nbsp;Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro ,&nbsp;Ismoedijanto Ismoedijanto ,&nbsp;Parwati Setiono Basuki ,&nbsp;Gatot Soegiarto ,&nbsp;Sushant Sahastrabuddhe","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Typhoid fever typically affects children and young adults and is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is the most effective preventive strategy to control typhoid fever in the short to medium term. However, in most endemic countries do not have a typhoid vaccine that is suitable for children below 2 years old.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a randomized, observer blinded phase III trial using Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine and an already WHO licensed prequalified (PQed) typhoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar TCV) as control. About 936 healthy subjects were recruited and divided into 3 age groups: infants group aged 6–24 months, children group aged 2–11 years, adolescents and adults group aged 12–45 years, and followed up till 28 days post vaccination. Blood sample was taken at pre-vaccination and at 28th day post vaccination to evaluate immunogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most common immediate local reaction was pain in all age groups, followed by redness. The most common immediate systemic reaction in the infant group was irritability while in the adults and children group was muscle pain. The intensity of reactions was mostly mild and moderate. Severe reactions were in the form of pain and fever. Reactions mostly resolved within 48 h. Seroconversion at 28 days in the Vi-DT group was higher in both adults and children compared to the PQed typhoid conjugate vaccine, Typbar-TCV (<em>p</em> = 1.000; <em>p</em> = 0.250), respectively. The Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) in the Vi-DT group was higher in adults (<em>p</em> = 0134), whereas the PQed typhoid conjugate vaccine Typbar-TCV demonstrated a higher GMT in children and infants (<em>p</em> = 0.277; <em>p</em> = 0.884), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine (Bio-TCV®) is safe and immunogenic in subjects 6 months to 45 years old.</div><div>Clinical trial registration number.</div><div><span><span>NCT04051268</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, registration date: 09/08/2019.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children over multiple influenza seasons (2019–2023)","authors":"Allyn Bandell ,&nbsp;George Kassianos ,&nbsp;Oliver Dibben ,&nbsp;Georges El Azzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccine effectiveness (VE) of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) in children in 13 European countries and the US during the 2019–2023 influenza seasons was evaluated from published literature, congress presentations, public health websites, and personal communications with investigators.</div><div>A meta-analysis was performed by assessing LAIV4 and/or IIV4 VE in children (<em>N</em> = 34–1679) across included studies during the 2019/20–2022/23 seasons. VE estimates against influenza infection (all strains) for LAIV4 were 61.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 53.0–69.1) and for IIV4 were 45.7 % (33.2–55.8). Overall VE (95 % CI) for individual strains for the 2022/23 season for LAIV4 were 75.7 % (52.0–87.7) and for IIV4 were 58.5 % (38.2–72.1).</div><div>Overall, LAIV4 and IIV4 VE in children was moderate and comparable. Annual vaccination with LAIV4 or IIV4 remains the best way to protect children against influenza infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review of pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive disease in North Africa and the Middle East","authors":"Hammam Haridy ,&nbsp;Ghassan Dbaibo ,&nbsp;Prakash Jeena ,&nbsp;Amina Al-Jardani","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) poses an enormous burden for developing countries. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has resulted in global declines in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and the World Health Organization recommends PCV inclusion in all national immunization programs (NIPs). This review assesses the pneumococcal serotypes causing IPD in North Africa and the Middle East and the potential prevention of IPD by different serotype-specific PCVs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search was conducted in PubMed for articles published from 2012 to 2025 evaluating the serotypes causing IPD in North Africa and the Middle East.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 263 articles retrieved, the 30 that met inclusion criteria investigated IPD in 10 countries from 1994 through 2022: Algeria, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia. The studies showed that the serotypes most responsible for IPD varied widely over time and across countries and often demonstrated an inverse relationship to vaccine uptake. The most common IPD-causing serotypes were 14 (≤57.0 %), 19A (≤46.2 %) and 19F (≤30.8 %), but the prevalence of serotypes 14, 19A, and 19F tended to decline after the introduction of 7-valent PCV and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) into NIPs. In contrast, percentages of IPD caused by non-vaccine serotypes remained high in some countries.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Although limited data and variable results made major serotype distribution trends difficult to determine, IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes clearly declined after vaccine introduction whereas IPD caused by serotypes not included in the available vaccines tended to remain high or increase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In North Africa and the Middle East, improved IPD serotype surveillance is needed. The introduction of higher valency vaccines into regional NIPs may alleviate IPD burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological evaluation of the immune protection conferred by the canine parvovirus vaccine: A comparative study of a recommended brief protocol and WSAVA protocols","authors":"Idbarka Abdellatif ,&nbsp;Kadim Oumaima ,&nbsp;Soulhi Imane ,&nbsp;Piro Mohammed ,&nbsp;Amrani Nadia ,&nbsp;Azrib Rahma ,&nbsp;Kadiri Ahlam ,&nbsp;Daden Reda ,&nbsp;El Allali Khalid","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease in puppies, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite vaccination, failures have been reported, especially with the short protocol (BP) recommended by some pharmaceutical companies, which may not align with the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) 2024 guidelines.</div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immunity in puppies vaccinated with the BP protocol and assess whether boosters based on the WSAVA guidelines would improve immunity. Experiment 1 involved unvaccinated puppies receiving the WSAVA vaccination protocol, with four vaccinations at 15-day intervals. Experiment 2 assessed puppies vaccinated with the BP protocol, followed by two additional booster doses administered two weeks apart.</div><div>In Experiment 1, puppies receiving the WSAVA protocol had insufficient maternal antibodies (32.00 ± 14.99) at 12–16 weeks. After four vaccinations, antibody titers significantly increased to 256.00 ± 79.43 by day 45 (<em>p = 0.0166</em>). In Experiment 2, puppies vaccinated with the BP protocol showed antibody titers of 32.00 ± 32.57 at 5 months, below the protective threshold. Two additional boosters raised antibody titers to 512.00 ± 245.0 at day 45 (<em>p = 0.0154</em>). These results indicate that the BP protocol alone does not provide adequate immunity but that Additional boosters can improve immunity. The WSAVA vaccination protocol effectively protects against CPV, while the BP protocol requires additional boosters to meet protective standards. Implementing WSAVA-guideline-based boosters is essential to improve CPV protection in puppies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy test of a Mycoplasma hyorhinis mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate","authors":"Eszter Zsófia Nagy ,&nbsp;Levente Szeredi ,&nbsp;Hiromi Muramatsu ,&nbsp;Noémi Nagy ,&nbsp;Dénes Grózner ,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Kreizinger ,&nbsp;Kinga M. Sulyok ,&nbsp;Bandana Pangabam ,&nbsp;Lilla Tóth ,&nbsp;Rachel H.J. Jun ,&nbsp;Dorottya Földi ,&nbsp;Enikő Wehmann ,&nbsp;Miklós Tenk ,&nbsp;Norbert Pardi ,&nbsp;Miklós Gyuranecz","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis</em> is a widespread bacterium that frequently causes polyserositis and arthritis in post-weaning pigs. Currently, prevention and treatment strategies rely on mitigating risk factors and administering antibiotics, as no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. Developing a safe and efficacious vaccine could provide a long-term solution, reducing the economic impact of <em>M. hyorhinis</em> infections. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a <em>M. hyorhinis</em> mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The selected antigens were highly conserved proteins involved in bacterial adhesion. The mRNAs encoding these proteins were produced using established protocols and subsequently encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles through a self-assembly technique. For the <em>in vivo</em> efficacy assessment, three-week-old piglets were immunized with the candidate vaccine, and the injection site was monitored daily. At six weeks of age, the animals were challenged intravenously on two consecutive days. The clinical examinations were performed daily, while blood samples were collected weekly for a <em>M. hyorhinis</em>-specific antibody ELISA and Porcine Interferon gamma (Porcine IFN-γ) ELISA. Three weeks post-challenge, the animals were euthanized for gross and histopathological examinations. Additionally, body temperatures were recorded daily, and the body weights of the animals were measured upon arrival and then at six and nine weeks of age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After the challenge, the vaccinated group showed significantly higher IgG antibody titers than the positive control. Similarly, the vaccinated group's average daily weight gain was higher than the one of the challenge group. However, the vaccine candidate failed to confer sufficient protection against the clinical signs, pathological and histopathological lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Overall, a single dose of mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate was ineffective in preventing the disease caused by <em>M. hyorhinis</em>. Future research should focus on optimizing the vaccine formulation by incorporating additional antigens or adjuvants, implementing a two-dose immunization, or exploring alternative routes of administration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare providers at a tertiary hospital in Mysuru, India: a questionnaire-based survey","authors":"Naviya Kafle ,&nbsp;Jantine van Wijlick ,&nbsp;P. Chaithra Poonacha ,&nbsp;P. Priyanka ,&nbsp;Jiten Choudhury ,&nbsp;N. Onkar Yadav ,&nbsp;R. Nisarga ,&nbsp;Rebecca D. Kehm ,&nbsp;Logan Stuck ,&nbsp;Christopher Pell ,&nbsp;Anil S. Bilimale","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the annual burden of seasonal influenza in India and previous experiences with pandemics, influenza vaccination rates remain low among the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs). Although health authorities recommend vaccination for high-risk groups, including, awareness and coverage among these groups remain inadequate. Drawing on a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, this article examines influenza vaccine uptake and related socio-demographics, attitudes and practices among HCWs in a tertiary hospital in Mysuru, South India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A team of trained research assistants administered a questionnaire-based survey to 427 HCWs (response rate: 99 %). Statistical analyses, including bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 427 HCWs surveyed, the influenza vaccination rate was 14 %, despite 82 % awareness rate. Vaccination rates varied significantly based on job roles, with physicians and physicians in training exhibiting the highest rates, and nurses and other health workers reporting zero vaccination rates. Regression analysis revealed that HCWs that perceived influenza as a serious disease were 2.77 times more likely to be vaccinated compared to those who perceived it as not serious or indicated being unsure, after adjusting for age, gender and position (95 % CI: 1.26 to 6.06).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Influenza vaccination uptake among HCWs in Mysuru was low, particularly among nurses. The disease was often perceived as low risk. Targeted interventions, designed with collaboration with target groups to adapt to their needs, are crucial. Efforts to raise awareness about the risks of influenza and to enhance vaccine accessibility would further support increased uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental approval and perceptions of the HPV vaccine in indigenous boys from a rural community after their inclusion in the immunization program in Peru","authors":"Yuliana Mercedes De La Cruz-Ramirez ,&nbsp;Augusto Felix Olaza-Maguiña ,&nbsp;Santiago Angel Cortez-Orellana","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Peruvian health authorities approved HPV vaccination in boys from 9 to 13 years old in April 2023. The main objective of this research was to determine the percentage of parental approval and perceptions of the HPV vaccine in indigenous boys from a Peruvian rural community. A cross-sectional study was developed with 126 parents from Tumpa community, to whom the staff of the health center of said community requested the respective vaccination authorization between April and December 2023. A questionnaire was administered by the authors of this research between January and July 2024, prior informed consent declaration. It was evidenced that 56.3 % of parents rejected the HPV vaccine. The protection it provides against various types of cancer and the fear of future diseases in their boys due to said vaccine were the main positive and negative perceptions, respectively. With the exception of marital status and work status, a statistically significant association was found between the parental approval of the HPV vaccine and the sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions of parents. It was concluded that the percentage of parental approval of the HPV vaccine in indigenous boys was only 43.7 %, so educational activities that address the identified characteristics and perceptions should be promoted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}