Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100773
Yumiko Hayashi , Dhruba Shrestha , Raj Kumar Shrestha , Ganendra Bhakta Raya , Konosuke Morimoto , Christopher M. Parry , Koya Ariyoshi , Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Aims
To evaluate the impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction on hospital admission due to pneumonia among children in Nepal.
Methods
Hospital records from Siddhi Memorial Hospital, Bhaktapur from 2014 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to compare pre-PCV10 (2014–2015) and post-PCV10 (2016–2022) periods.
Results
Among 10,897 admitted children, the proportion of pneumonia cases declined from 20.4 % (n = 429) before the introduction of PCV10 to 10.5 % (n = 923) after its introduction (p < 0.001). The adjusted prevalence of pneumonia was 19 % lower in 2016 (aPR 0.81 (95 % CI: 0.64–1.02)) and 69 % lower in 2020 (aPR 0.31 (95 % CI: 0.21–0.45)) among children 2 to 23 months of age. Similarly, aPR reduced from 0.72 (95 % CI: 0.55–0.96) in 2016 to 0.31 (95 % CI 0.17–0.55) in 2020 among children of 24 to 59 months.
Conclusion
These findings support PCV10's role in reducing burden of childhood pneumonia in Nepal.
{"title":"Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on hospital admissions due to pneumonia among children in Nepal","authors":"Yumiko Hayashi , Dhruba Shrestha , Raj Kumar Shrestha , Ganendra Bhakta Raya , Konosuke Morimoto , Christopher M. Parry , Koya Ariyoshi , Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction on hospital admission due to pneumonia among children in Nepal.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Hospital records from Siddhi Memorial Hospital, Bhaktapur from 2014 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to compare pre-PCV10 (2014–2015) and post-PCV10 (2016–2022) periods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 10,897 admitted children, the proportion of pneumonia cases declined from 20.4 % (<em>n</em> = 429) before the introduction of PCV10 to 10.5 % (<em>n</em> = 923) after its introduction (<em>p</em> < 0.001). The adjusted prevalence of pneumonia was 19 % lower in 2016 (aPR 0.81 (95 % CI: 0.64–1.02)) and 69 % lower in 2020 (aPR 0.31 (95 % CI: 0.21–0.45)) among children 2 to 23 months of age. Similarly, aPR reduced from 0.72 (95 % CI: 0.55–0.96) in 2016 to 0.31 (95 % CI 0.17–0.55) in 2020 among children of 24 to 59 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings support PCV10's role in reducing burden of childhood pneumonia in Nepal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100771
Changcheng Zhu , Nerie Roa , Estelle Neathery , Nastassia Parker , Jaclyn Delarosa , Scott Knackstedt , Kelly Lee , Manjari Lal
Background/objectives
Four laboratory-scale lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mixing platforms were evaluated for producing messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)–encapsulated LNPs with product attributes similar to the benchmark SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. For the comparative technical assessment, parameters such as lipid composition; the molar ratio of cationic polymer amine groups to nucleic acid phosphate groups; aqueous to organic ratio; and mRNA payload were kept identical across all tested mixing platforms.
Methods
Each platform was evaluated based on operational ease of use, and the mRNA-LNPs produced on each platform were assessed based on multiple parameters, such as physicochemical product attributes and in vivo performance.
Results
Multiple batches of LNPs incorporating two different-sized mRNA constructs, luciferase, and SARS-CoV-2 (approximately 2000 and 4000 nucleotides, respectively) were produced on each platform. The LNPs produced on the three micromixing platforms demonstrated similar product attributes in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, mRNA encapsulation efficiency, structural morphology, and immune response. The fourth platform, involving a rotor-stator mixing approach, showed larger particle size, lower encapsulation, and lower immune response compared to the other three tested platforms.
Conclusion
Three micromixing approaches were shown to produce mRNA-encapsulated LNPs with highly reproducible and consistent product attributes, structural features, in vivo luciferase protein expression, and generation of immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2. The operational use for each platform varied in terms of equipment setup, use of disposable or reusable workflow accessories, cleaning protocol, cleaning time, and user-controlled interface, all of which are summarized in this work.
{"title":"Comparative technical and operational assessment of current and emerging bench-scale lipid nanoparticle platforms for production of mRNA vaccines","authors":"Changcheng Zhu , Nerie Roa , Estelle Neathery , Nastassia Parker , Jaclyn Delarosa , Scott Knackstedt , Kelly Lee , Manjari Lal","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>Four laboratory-scale lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mixing platforms were evaluated for producing messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)–encapsulated LNPs with product attributes similar to the benchmark SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. For the comparative technical assessment, parameters such as lipid composition; the molar ratio of cationic polymer amine groups to nucleic acid phosphate groups; aqueous to organic ratio; and mRNA payload were kept identical across all tested mixing platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Each platform was evaluated based on operational ease of use, and the mRNA-LNPs produced on each platform were assessed based on multiple parameters, such as physicochemical product attributes and in vivo performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multiple batches of LNPs incorporating two different-sized mRNA constructs, luciferase, and SARS-CoV-2 (approximately 2000 and 4000 nucleotides, respectively) were produced on each platform. The LNPs produced on the three micromixing platforms demonstrated similar product attributes in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, mRNA encapsulation efficiency, structural morphology, and immune response. The fourth platform, involving a rotor-stator mixing approach, showed larger particle size, lower encapsulation, and lower immune response compared to the other three tested platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Three micromixing approaches were shown to produce mRNA-encapsulated LNPs with highly reproducible and consistent product attributes, structural features, in vivo luciferase protein expression, and generation of immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2. The operational use for each platform varied in terms of equipment setup, use of disposable or reusable workflow accessories, cleaning protocol, cleaning time, and user-controlled interface, all of which are summarized in this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100776
Xiaoya Fu , Qian Zhang , Shenyu Wang , Na Liu , Xuwen Wang , Xiang Guo , Yilan Xia , Yihan Lu
Background
In China, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has not yet been included in the national immunization program (NIP). Nevertheless, several provinces and municipalities have launched pilot HPV vaccination programs targeting female adolescents in secondary schools since 2021. This study aimed to explore the roles of key stakeholders in the decision-making process regarding HPV vaccination and to provide recommendations for future promotional strategies.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders from Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui, including public health professionals, school teachers, and parents of adolescent girls. The interview framework comprised both fixed-choice and open-ended questions. Key topics addressed included: (1) the support for prioritizing HPV vaccination within NIP, (2) the influence of stakeholders on vaccination decisions, and (3) suggestions for enhancing vaccination promotion.
Results
Eighty-three people participated in the study. Only 30 % of respondents believed HPV vaccination should be prioritized in the NIP, citing concerns about public perception, cultural values, and financial feasibility. Health and class teachers were found to have a substantial impact on the vaccination choices of parents and their daughters. To boost vaccination uptake, a comprehensive approach that includes stakeholder collaboration, educational campaigns, digital technology, and improved access to immunization services was proposed.
Conclusion
This research provides valuable insights into the decision-making processes surrounding HPV vaccination and advocacy efforts aimed at girls aged 9–14 years. The findings serve as important references for future initiatives aimed at promoting awareness and uptake of the vaccine.
{"title":"Roles of stakeholders in the decision-making and health advocacy of human papillomavirus vaccination among children aged 9–14 years","authors":"Xiaoya Fu , Qian Zhang , Shenyu Wang , Na Liu , Xuwen Wang , Xiang Guo , Yilan Xia , Yihan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In China, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has not yet been included in the national immunization program (NIP). Nevertheless, several provinces and municipalities have launched pilot HPV vaccination programs targeting female adolescents in secondary schools since 2021. This study aimed to explore the roles of key stakeholders in the decision-making process regarding HPV vaccination and to provide recommendations for future promotional strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders from Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui, including public health professionals, school teachers, and parents of adolescent girls. The interview framework comprised both fixed-choice and open-ended questions. Key topics addressed included: (1) the support for prioritizing HPV vaccination within NIP, (2) the influence of stakeholders on vaccination decisions, and (3) suggestions for enhancing vaccination promotion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-three people participated in the study. Only 30 % of respondents believed HPV vaccination should be prioritized in the NIP, citing concerns about public perception, cultural values, and financial feasibility. Health and class teachers were found to have a substantial impact on the vaccination choices of parents and their daughters. To boost vaccination uptake, a comprehensive approach that includes stakeholder collaboration, educational campaigns, digital technology, and improved access to immunization services was proposed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research provides valuable insights into the decision-making processes surrounding HPV vaccination and advocacy efforts aimed at girls aged 9–14 years. The findings serve as important references for future initiatives aimed at promoting awareness and uptake of the vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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