Vaccine: X最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine and its determinants among immunized anti-HBc-negative children in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Adane Adugna ,&nbsp;Desalegn Abebaw ,&nbsp;Mohammed Jemal","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial tool for preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, particularly in children. However, various factors can influence the vaccine's protective effectiveness and the duration of protection it provides.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine, specifically the levels of anti-HBs, and to identify the factors influencing its production among immunized anti-HBc-negative children in the northwestern region of Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>A community-based cross-sectional study was done with 157 participants ranging in age from 5 to 12 years, from July to December 2021. A simple random sampling method was employed to recruit the subjects. After drawing blood samples, serum was analyzed to detect the presence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution, log link function, and robust standard errors were used for multivariable analysis, with 95 % confidence intervals. A <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total percentage of protective anti-HBs levels (anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml) among immunized anti-HBc-negative children in this study was 102/157 (65.0 %) (95 % CI: 57.0–73.0). Of these, 42.0 % were hypo-responders (their anti-HBs levels &gt;10–100 mIU/ml), while 23.0 % were hyper-responders (their anti-HBs levels &gt;100 mIU/ml). Moreover, concomitant vaccinations showed a significant negative association with anti-HBs antibody levels. Participants who had concomitant vaccinations, antibody levels decrease by ∼1.26 units compared to no concomitant vaccinations (APR: 1.26, 95 % CI: −1.892, −0.624) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Childhood vaccination against hepatitis B is effective in only 65 % of children. In the study area, protective antibody levels (anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml) were reduced among immunized anti-HBc-negative children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of ARCT-154, a self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, in different booster settings","authors":"Yoshiaki Oda ,&nbsp;Nhan Thi Ho ,&nbsp;Xuan-Hung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Ly-Thi-Le Tran ,&nbsp;Van Thu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Iwama ,&nbsp;Iori Okura ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Yagi ,&nbsp;Jenny Guek-Hong Low ,&nbsp;Steven G. Hughes ,&nbsp;Roberto Bugarini ,&nbsp;Rose Sekulovich ,&nbsp;Hongfan Jin ,&nbsp;Carole Verhoeven ,&nbsp;Igor Smolenov","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) vaccine against COVID-19 (ARCT-154) was evaluated for immunogenicity in three clinical studies with four booster scenarios: first homologous booster, first heterologous booster, second heterologous booster, and a two-dose series in previously infected participants. Neutralizing antibody responses were measured four weeks after vaccination using pseudovirus microneutralization assays against the Wuhan-Hu-1 and SARS-CoV-2 variants. ARCT-154, administered as a homologous booster, resulted in a geometric mean fold-rise (GMFR) of 6.5 (95 % confidence interval, 5.6–7.5) and seroconversion rate (SCR) of 77 % (69.8–83.2), compared with 1.4 (0.9–2.2) and 17.3 % (8.2–30.3) with placebo. A first heterologous booster of ARCT-154 achieved a GMFR of 36.7 (17.4–77.5) and SCR of 91.7 % (61.5–99.8) against Wuhan-Hu-1, with GMFRs ranging from 20.0 to 29.4 for Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 variants. When comparing ARCT-154 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine as a second booster dose, GMFRs against Wuhan-Hu-1 were 6.8 (6.0–7.6) and 4.4 (4.0–4.8), and SCRs were 66.1 % (61.1–70.9) and 51.2 % (46.0–56.4), respectively. Similar inter-group differences were shown for the Omicron BA.4/5 and persisted for ≥12 months. Following natural infection, one dose and two doses of ARCT-154 resulted in GMFR of 4.4 (2.2–7.0) and 6.2 (3.8–10.0), and SCR of 58.8 % (32.9–81.6) and 73.3 % (44.9–92.2) against Wuhan-Hu-1, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies remained elevated for at least 6 months. These results confirm that ARCT-154, administered as a homologous or heterologous booster after previous COVID-19 vaccination or natural exposure, provides robust, broad, and durable immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 viruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-licensure safety monitoring of human papillomavirus vaccines in Jiangsu Province, China from 2019 to 2023","authors":"Ran Hu ,&nbsp;Nuo Xu ,&nbsp;Hongxiong Guo ,&nbsp;Jing Yu ,&nbsp;Borong Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Xun Li ,&nbsp;Poning Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The five types of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been administered in Jiangsu Province. In this study, we evaluated the safety profiles of HPV vaccines using records collected from the Chinese National Adverse Events Following Immunization Information System (CNAEFIS) and the Jiangsu Province Vaccination Integrated Service Management Information System (JSEIRS) from January 2019 to August 2023. Demographic characteristics of cases, symptoms, and clinical diagnosis were summarized from reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in the CNAEFIS. Administered doses of the five HPV vaccines were retrieved from the JSEIRS Disproportionality Analysis (DPA) was applied to detect potential positive signals for specific adverse events associated with HPV vaccination. A total of 115, 104, 3, 167, and 277 cases of AEFI following 2-valent HPV vaccine (adsorbed), 2-valent HPV vaccine (<em>E. coli</em>), 2-valent HPV vaccine (<em>P. pastoris</em>), 4-valent HPV vaccine (<em>S. cerevisiae</em>) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (<em>S. cerevisiae</em>) administration were reported, respectively. Common adverse reactions (fever, redness and induration) were the most frequently reported AEFI after HPV vaccination, while fatigue, myalgia, dizziness, rash, and itching were the most commonly reported systemic symptoms. DPA suggests that urticaria is an AEFI that should be of particular concern after HPV vaccination. In all, HPV vaccines showed satisfactory safety profiles in the Jiangsu Province. Further active surveillance studies are warranted to yield more comprehensive post-marketing safety data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of statistical models of carriage to predict the impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in Nigeria","authors":"Aishatu L. Adamu ,&nbsp;John. Ojal ,&nbsp;Caroline Mburu ,&nbsp;Katherine E. Gallagher ,&nbsp;Stefan Flasche ,&nbsp;Kofo Odeyemi ,&nbsp;Christy A.N. Okoromah ,&nbsp;Isa S. Abubakar ,&nbsp;Musa M. Bello ,&nbsp;Victor Inem ,&nbsp;Angela Karani ,&nbsp;Boniface Karia ,&nbsp;Donald Akech ,&nbsp;Ifedayo M.O. Adetifa ,&nbsp;J. Anthony G. Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A substantial fraction of the population-level impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) is mediated through indirect effects, i.e., their capacity to protect against carriage acquisition of vaccine serotypes (VTs) among vaccinees, thereby proportionately reducing transmission and indirectly averting invasive disease in the whole population. Therefore, by relying on the consequent near elimination of VT carriage, early carriage-based models successfully captured the impact of seven-valent PCV (PCV7) in high-income settings. We sought to determine the applicability of three published statistical carriage-based models for the evaluation of PCV10 impact in Nigeria, where carriage prevalence data are available from urban and rural sites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied external data, with assumptions, to empirical carriage prevalence data to predict IPD incidence rate ratios (IRRs). The models assume PCV has no effect on serotype invasiveness among carriers because VT carriage is eliminated. Model 1 uses estimates of relative proportions of pre-PCV VT-IPD to predict IRRs. Model 2 uses pre-PCV serotype IPD incidence, while Model 3 uses measures of serotype invasiveness, the case-carrier ratio (CCR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Model 1 estimates the largest PCV10 impact on overall IPD (IRR:0.38 and 0.50) in the urban and rural sites, respectively. Whereas estimates from Model 2 (IRR:0.69 and 0.78) and Model 3 (IRR:0.63 and 0.70) were more conservative.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VT carriage was not eliminated in our setting, so Model 1 estimates the hypothetical maximum impact. Relying entirely on indirect effects, Models 2 and 3 represent the minimum impact of PCV. Predictions would be more accurate if they accounted for direct effects among vaccinated VT carriers. This study illustrates the importance of capturing vaccination data on individuals sampled in carriage prevalence surveys designed to estimate IPD burden at population level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in intentions, behavior, and reasons to receive COVID-19 vaccination December 2020–August 2023","authors":"Yanhan Shen ,&nbsp;Kate Penrose ,&nbsp;McKaylee M. Robertson ,&nbsp;Laura Puzniak ,&nbsp;Kristen E. Allen ,&nbsp;Avantika Srivastava ,&nbsp;Sarah G. Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Joann M. Zamparo ,&nbsp;Frank R. Ernst ,&nbsp;Christian Grov ,&nbsp;John M. McLaughlin ,&nbsp;Denis Nash ,&nbsp;the CHASING COVID Cohort Study Team","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Staying up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, yet U.S. uptake remains low. We described changes in intentions, behavior, and reasons for receiving COVID-19 vaccines among individuals who completed a primary series and assessed predictors of not receiving an updated vaccine (BA.4/5 bivalent).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from the community-based CHASING COVID Cohort, a sociodemographically diverse sample of U.S. adults enrolled March–July 2020. The study included adults who completed a primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series and participated in at least one quarterly follow-up assessment during April–October 2023. Primary exposures were sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 history. Outcomes included intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine uptake, and self-reported reasons for receiving or not receiving COVID-19 vaccine over time between December 2020 and August 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 4411 eligible participants, 58 % intended to get vaccinated in December 2020 (before broad availability), and 86 % received the 2021–2022 vaccine (monovalent) between September 2021 and August 2022. However, willingness to receive a bivalent vaccine between October and December 2022 declined by ≥10 %. Among those who received the primary series and 2021–2022 vaccine, 56 % received the 2022–2023 vaccine. The prevailing reason for non-receipt from Fall 2022 to Summer 2023 was doubts about vaccine effectiveness. Logistic difficulties were predominantly reported in Winter 2022 and confusion about eligibility increased in Spring/Summer 2023. Lower bivalent vaccine uptake was observed among younger, female, non-White, less-educated, lower-income, uninsured individuals, and residents of the South or rural/suburban areas. Those with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or previous long COVID were less likely to receive updated vaccines. Present comorbidities did not impact vaccines uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings highlighted a 3-year decline in willingness and receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations following their public introduction. Broad messaging and targeted outreach are needed to reinforce the protection up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination provides against severe illness and death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General practitioners' perceptions of the burden of RSV and views on RSV immunisation – a qualitative interview study","authors":"Sarah F. Hak ,&nbsp;Roderick P. Venekamp ,&nbsp;Tamara Platteel ,&nbsp;Louis J. Bont ,&nbsp;Joanne G. Wildenbeest ,&nbsp;Sibyl Anthierens","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infections. With newly approved RSV immunisations for infants and older adults, understanding general practitioners' (GPs) perceptions is crucial for effective implementation of immunisation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a qualitative study to explore GPs' perceptions of the RSV disease burden and their views on RSV immunisation. Thirteen GPs from the Netherlands participated in semi-structured remote interviews (May–October 2024). Interviews were video-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic and framework analysis, applying the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify behavioural influences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GPs predominantly associate RSV with bronchiolitis in infants, recognizing a substantial disease burden in this population. GPs largely support infant RSV immunisation, though not universally as top priority. Contrary, GPs report limited clinical recognition of RSV in older adults and express significant uncertainty about its incidence and severity. This drives a general assumption of low disease burden in older adults and low perceived need for RSV immunisation. GPs stress the need for targeted education on RSV epidemiology and immunisation options to better guide (parental) decision-making. They also highlight the importance of public awareness campaigns and broader vaccine confidence initiatives to optimise uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GPs largely support RSV immunisation for infants, given the evident disease burden, but emphasise the need for RSV education to strengthen their advisory role. Uncertainty about the RSV burden in older adults limits their support for immunisation in this population, with GPs suggesting that a clearer understanding of the disease's impact is necessary first.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cost-effectiveness analysis of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the prevention of pneumococcal disease among Mexican adults aged ≥60 years","authors":"Jose Luis Huerta ,&nbsp;An Ta ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Vinand ,&nbsp;Gustavo Ivan Torres ,&nbsp;Warisa Wannaadisai ,&nbsp;Liping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current standard of care (SoC) for the prevention of pneumococcal disease among Mexican adults aged ≥60 years is a sequential regimen of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) covering 13 serotypes (PCV13) followed by (→) 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). This study estimated the effect of replacing the current SoC with a single dose of 20-valent PCV (PCV20) in the Mexican adult national immunization program (NIP).</div><div>A probabilistic cohort model with a Markov framework was developed with an annual cycle to compare the cost-effectiveness of PCV20 versus SoC (PCV13 → PPSV23) from the Mexican public health sector perspective over a lifetime horizon. Costs and benefits were discounted at 5 % annually. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated from PCV13 clinical trial and PPSV23 effectiveness studies as well as the disease impact due to PCV13 → PPSV23 observed in Mexico. Other model inputs including epidemiology, costs, and utilities were sourced from Mexican-specific data. Uncertainty relating to model inputs was evaluated by deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses as well as scenario assessments.</div><div>PCV20 was estimated to be the dominant vaccination strategy versus SoC (PCV13 → PPSV23) in the Mexican adult population aged ≥60 years. PCV20 was associated with more clinical benefits and a cost saving of approximately 7 billion Mexican pesos compared with SoC at the population level. The results were shown to be robust in all sensitivity and scenario analyses.</div><div>The replacement of the current SoC with PCV20 in the Mexican NIP is expected to simultaneously reduce the clinical burden of pneumococcal disease and associated medical costs among adults aged ≥60 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare providers at a tertiary hospital in Mysuru, India: a questionnaire-based survey","authors":"Naviya Kafle ,&nbsp;Jantine van Wijlick ,&nbsp;P. Chaithra Poonacha ,&nbsp;P. Priyanka ,&nbsp;Jiten Choudhury ,&nbsp;N. Onkar Yadav ,&nbsp;R. Nisarga ,&nbsp;Rebecca D. Kehm ,&nbsp;Logan Stuck ,&nbsp;Christopher Pell ,&nbsp;Anil S. Bilimale","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the annual burden of seasonal influenza in India and previous experiences with pandemics, influenza vaccination rates remain low among the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs). Although health authorities recommend vaccination for high-risk groups, including, awareness and coverage among these groups remain inadequate. Drawing on a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, this article examines influenza vaccine uptake and related socio-demographics, attitudes and practices among HCWs in a tertiary hospital in Mysuru, South India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A team of trained research assistants administered a questionnaire-based survey to 427 HCWs (response rate: 99 %). Statistical analyses, including bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 427 HCWs surveyed, the influenza vaccination rate was 14 %, despite 82 % awareness rate. Vaccination rates varied significantly based on job roles, with physicians and physicians in training exhibiting the highest rates, and nurses and other health workers reporting zero vaccination rates. Regression analysis revealed that HCWs that perceived influenza as a serious disease were 2.77 times more likely to be vaccinated compared to those who perceived it as not serious or indicated being unsure, after adjusting for age, gender and position (95 % CI: 1.26 to 6.06).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Influenza vaccination uptake among HCWs in Mysuru was low, particularly among nurses. The disease was often perceived as low risk. Targeted interventions, designed with collaboration with target groups to adapt to their needs, are crucial. Efforts to raise awareness about the risks of influenza and to enhance vaccine accessibility would further support increased uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based epitope discovery of Mpox virus: Rational vaccine design","authors":"Adane Adugna ,&nbsp;Desalegn Abebaw ,&nbsp;Abebaw Admasu ,&nbsp;Bantayehu Addis Tegegne ,&nbsp;Zigale Hibstu Teffera ,&nbsp;Tiruzer Hibstu ,&nbsp;Gelagey Baye ,&nbsp;Baye Ashenef ,&nbsp;Enyew Fenta Mengistu ,&nbsp;Mohammed Jemal","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as a significant public health concern, prompting urgent efforts to develop a vaccine. The need for effective preventive measures against this zoonotic orthopoxvirus is underscored by recent global outbreaks. Traditional vaccine development methods can be both costly and time-consuming; however, advancements in genomic and proteomic data processing, particularly through artificial intelligence (AI), offer new avenues for rapid epitope discovery and vaccine design. This advancement is expected to lead to quicker responses during epidemics. Moreover, a revolutionary approach to enhancing vaccine efficacy and safety is the integration of AI-driven epitope discovery with MPXV vaccine development. By utilizing machine learning techniques, researchers can analyze large datasets, including genomic and proteomic information, to identify putative epitopes that trigger immune responses. This AI-driven process not only accelerates the identification of optimal vaccine targets but also predicts how these epitopes interact with the immune system, facilitating the creation of vaccines that effectively elicit strong and durable immune responses. Additionally, researchers can model and simulate immune interactions using AI to refine epitope selection on the basis of predicted immunogenicity and stability, ensuring well-optimized vaccine candidates. Ultimately, this integration streamlines the MPXV vaccine development process, enabling prompt responses to outbreaks and enhancing public health preparedness against this infectious disease. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the impact of AI on the development of effective vaccines against MPXV. This review highlights how this technology can enhance vaccine design, optimize immune responses, and improve public health preparedness in response to MPXV outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV vaccination campaigns in Ethiopia and Bangladesh: Strategic implementation, challenges, identifying best practices and lessons for success in low and middle-income countries","authors":"Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem ,&nbsp;Brian Atuhaire ,&nbsp;Anisur Rahman Siddique ,&nbsp;Riad Mahmud ,&nbsp;Melkamu Ayalew Kokebie ,&nbsp;Godfrey Musuka","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, with around 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths in 2022, primarily in low- and middle-income countries. Vaccination at ages 9–14 is a highly effective way to prevent HPV infection and related cancers. Significant advancements have been achieved in the development and effectiveness of HPV vaccines, accompanied by a notable increase in global vaccination initiatives. Numerous countries have gained valuable insights from implementing HPV vaccination programs targeting adolescent girls through pilot initiatives, demonstration projects, and extensive nationwide campaigns. Over 140 countries have introduced HPV vaccines across the globe. This study examines implementation challenges in Bangladesh and Ethiopia despite high vaccination coverage. It also aims to gather best practices from recent campaigns and include respondents' suggestions.</div><div>This study employs a qualitative approach to examine the HPV campaigns implemented in two countries in 2023. The research involved collecting data through interviews conducted with 20 key informants, ranging from national to sub-district levels in 2024. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the interviews. Narrative analytical methods were utilized to analyze the collected data.</div><div>The findings indicate that both countries face distinct challenges despite the recommendations for implemented strategies from the WHO, which were adopted in the respective country context.</div><div>The effectiveness of school-based, facility-based (Immunization fixed center), and community outreach-based approaches is significantly influenced by health communication strategies, operational modalities, and various contextual factors. Several best practices, including integration, partnership, digitization, e-microplanning, and the engagement of religious leaders and teachers, played a crucial role in enhancing coverage. The study presented specific recommendations, such as incentivizing health workers, optimizing operational modalities during campaigns, and reinforcing planning efforts to reach vulnerable populations. This document summarizes the status, implementation strategies, challenges, and exemplary practices concerning HPV vaccination campaigns in the two countries under consideration.</div><div>In conclusion, there are opportunities to refine the current strategy by customizing interventions to achieve optimal coverage. The lessons learned from this experience can be effectively applied in similar contexts and in countries that are set to launch HPV campaigns in the coming years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}