Vaccine: X最新文献

{"title":"Cross-country analysis on HPV vaccination behaviors among health workers and parents: a qualitative report from seven middle-income countries","authors":"Gulaiim Almatkyzy ,&nbsp;Sahil Khan Warsi ,&nbsp;Siff Malue Nielsen ,&nbsp;Brett J. Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This article presents a cross-country analysis of qualitative research reports on the barriers and drivers of HPV vaccination-related behavior among parents and health workers in seven middle-income countries using the COM-B theoretical framework. Four reports are from countries that had already introduced the HPV vaccine — Georgia, Moldova, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, while the other three reports are from Kazakhstan, Kosovo, and Tajikistan which were preparing for HPV vaccine introduction in 2023 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cross-country analysis revealed that health workers (HWs), especially specialists like gynecologists and oncologists, were viewed as trusted sources of vaccination information by both parents and HWs. However, HWs faced gaps in HPV vaccine knowledge and communication skills, and these gaps persisted in some form even after training was conducted in countries that had already introduced the HPV vaccine. In addition, these specialists were not always included when training sessions were conducted with family doctors and nurses in preparation for the vaccine's introduction. Parents also experience knowledge gaps, safety concerns, and lack of trust. Parents across countries shared concerns related to HPV vaccine safety and effectiveness and were often exposed to misconceptions or misinformation through media and social networks. This was compounded by the lack of a strong and confident recommendation from HWs and poor patient-provider communication.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The analyzed reports highlighted the need for tailored, multi-faceted interventions that account for locally specific issues, influencers, and target groups. Two prominent recommendations posited in the reports were: 1) engaging parents and addressing their concerns at the community level, and 2) ensuring HPV vaccine confidence through HW training and engagement, especially for specialists, and providing access to evidence-based information for HWs and others who influence vaccine acceptance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase 2/3 open-label study on NVX-CoV-2601 (XBB.1.5) vaccine in previously COVID-19 mRNA vaccinated and vaccine-naive, SARS-CoV-2–seropositive participants: A 6-month follow-up","authors":"Katia Alves ,&nbsp;Karen Kotloff ,&nbsp;R. Scott McClelland ,&nbsp;E. Adrianne Hammershaimb ,&nbsp;Alex Kouassi ,&nbsp;Joyce S. Plested ,&nbsp;Raj Kalkeri ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Zhu ,&nbsp;Shane Cloney-Clark ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Cai ,&nbsp;Katherine Smith ,&nbsp;Muneer Kaba ,&nbsp;Joy Nelson ,&nbsp;Raburn M. Mallory ,&nbsp;Fernando Noriega ,&nbsp;on behalf of the 2019nCoV-313 Study Investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Seasonal (2023–2024) COVID-19 vaccine recommendations included updates against Omicron XBB.1.5. NVX-CoV2601 contains XBB.1.5 recombinant spike (rS) protein, Matrix-M® adjuvant, and is based on authorized prototype vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) technology. Immunogenicity and safety outcomes 6 months after vaccination following a single dose of monovalent NVX-CoV2601 in previously vaccinated and vaccine-naive, SARS-CoV-2–seropositive participants aged ≥18 years are reported here.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The phase 2/3 open-label, single-arm 2019nCoV-313 study consisted of two parts (part 1: participants with ≥3 prior mRNA vaccines; part 2: unvaccinated participants with a clinical history of COVID-19). Participants received a single dose of NVX-CoV2601. Primary endpoint analyses through day 28 were previously published. This final analysis assessed immunogenicity and safety through the end of the study (day 180). Immunogenicity data (e.g., neutralizing antibodies [nAbs] and anti-rS IgG antibodies) were summarized using geometric mean antibody levels and fold rise and seroresponse rate (SRR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The safety analysis set included 332 participants in part 1 and 338 participants in part 2. In previously vaccinated participants, nAb geometric mean titers (GMTs; 95% CIs) were 120.7 (101.5–143.6) at day 0, increased to 955.5 (814.0–1121.4) at day 28, and decreased to 454.8 (382.9–540.3) at day 180. SRR decreased from 64.3% at day 28 to 41.1% at day 180. Similar results were seen in vaccine-naive, SARS-CoV-2–seropositive participants, with GMTs of 67.0 (56.6–79.3), 1296.7 (1082.6–1553.2), and 303.6 (258.5–356.4) at day 0, 28, and 180, respectively. SRR waned from 74.3% at day 28 to 45.0% at day 180. Anti-rS IgG responses similarly increased at day 28 and had moderate decreases at day 180 in both groups. No new safety signals were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A single dose of NVX-CoV2601 showed robust, durable immunogenicity in adult participants from study 2019nCoV-313 parts 1 and 2. These data support the use of NVX-CoV2601 in both populations.</div><div><em>Trial registration:</em> <span><span>NCT05975060</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current landscape and challenges in adjuvant and antigen delivery systems for vaccine","authors":"Xiaoyi Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccines have emerged as a prominent strategy for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Adjuvants, as immune enhancers and delivery systems, play a crucial role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of vaccines. Adjuvants can be categorized into three groups based on their mechanisms: immune enhancers, delivery systems, and a combination of both. While aluminum salt-based adjuvants have been the long-standing choice for many commercial vaccines, the adjuvant landscape in FDA-approved vaccines has evolved. Emulsions, liposomes, virus-like particles (VLPs), and newer platforms have been integrated into specialized vaccine formulations. In the context of modern vaccine platforms, the need for optimized adjuvant-delivery systems is increasing. For messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) serve as efficient delivery vehicles, enhancing mRNA stability and cellular uptake. Additionally, LNPs can also function as immune-activating adjuvants, which further enhance the immune response. Similarly, viral vector vaccines leverage adjuvants that improve immune activation, while DNA vaccines benefit from adjuvants that promote both antigen stability and uptake. Emerging systems, such as bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), programmable nanoparticles (responsive to pH, enzymes, or light), and cell membrane-coated systems (e.g., red blood cell or macrophage membranes), offer advanced ways to enhance vaccine delivery and immune responses. These systems also enable better targeting and control of immune activation, addressing challenges in immune memory and long-lasting vaccine efficacy. However, the development of adjuvant systems also faces safety concerns, including the potential for excessive immune activation and toxicity in certain populations. Overall, this review discusses the current and evolving landscape of adjuvant-delivery systems for vaccines, with an emphasis on systems that support diverse vaccine platforms and optimize immune balance, biocompatibility, and long-term immunity, crucial for the success of future vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world data and clinical management experience in passive immunization for respiratory syncytial virus prevention in children","authors":"Yongping Xie,&nbsp;Xin Cong,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Lisu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Currently, there are no approved curative treatments, and clinical management remains primarily focused on symptomatic support. As a result, preventive strategies are crucial for controlling RSV infections. Recent advancements have been made in the development of monoclonal antibody therapies aimed at protecting infants and young children from RSV. This review explores the application and real-world outcomes of passive immunization strategies in various international settings, particularly in developed countries, with a focus on their effectiveness and safety. The findings are intended to offer insights into the potential use of RSV passive immunization agents in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of vaccine dosing schedules for pneumococcal invasive disease in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Chia-Yuan Chang ,&nbsp;Sharifa Nasreen ,&nbsp;Manish Sadarangani ,&nbsp;Kenny Aquino ,&nbsp;Jacquelyn J. Cragg ,&nbsp;Fawziah Marra","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) persists despite the effectiveness of 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). As the protection offered by different dosing regimens remains uncertain, we evaluated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against vaccine-type (VT) IPD in children based on the number of vaccine doses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched MEDLINE/Embase/Web of Science/CENTRAL databases from January 2000 to December 2024 for studies on PCV7 and/or PCV13 VE against VT-IPD in children ≤18 years. VE estimates were recorded by vaccination status at IPD onset, classified into four groups (1) primary + booster group (1–3 primary doses &lt;12 months of age plus 1 booster dose ≥12 months), (2) 1 primary dose group, (3) 2 primary doses group, and (4) 3 primary doses group (primary doses given &lt;12 months of age and no booster).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1982 studies, 25 studies were included, reporting 525 cases in the primary + booster group and 821 cases in the 1–3 primary dose(s) groups. Pooled VE from 14 studies was 94.4 % for the primary + booster group, and 66.8 %, 78.8 %, and 82.0 % for the 1-, 2-, and 3- primary dose(s) groups, respectively. Among VT-IPD breakthrough cases, serotype 19A was most common (27.9 %), followed by 19F (20.5 %) and 3 (18.9 %). Sensitivity analyses showed a VE of ∼95 % for the 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 schedules, versus 78.9 % for 3 + 0.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings strongly support schedules that include a booster dose, such as the 2 + 1 regimen, as an optimal strategy for preventing VT-IPD in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effect of the TBE vaccination program in the Åland Islands” [Vaccine: X 27 (2025) 100727]","authors":"Tove Hoffman ,&nbsp;Bo Albinsson ,&nbsp;Linda Kolstad ,&nbsp;Marika Nordberg ,&nbsp;Sirkka Vene ,&nbsp;Patrik Ellström ,&nbsp;Bengt Rönnberg ,&nbsp;Olli Vapalahti ,&nbsp;Dag Nyman ,&nbsp;Åke Lundkvist","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust and sustained immunity in beagles following one single nasal administration of H3N2 canine influenza virus-like particle","authors":"Fei-fei Ge ,&nbsp;Li-ping Shen ,&nbsp;De-quan Yang,&nbsp;Hai-xiao Shen,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Jian Liu,&nbsp;Jian Wang,&nbsp;Hongjin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we used baculovirus to express hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) to prepare a novel genotype of H3N2 canine influenza virus particles (VLPs). The effectiveness of the H3N2 VLP vaccine was evaluated by detecting HI antibodies, the antiviral protection rate, antibody persistence and anatomical examination of the lungs.A challenge model has been established in a previous study for the study of canine influenza virus-like particle vaccines. A/Canine/Shanghai/0103/2019, with a challenge dose of 10⁶ EID₅₀, infects 10-week-old healthy beagle dogs through nasal instillation and can cause severe clinical symptoms. Using a single dose of VLP vaccine for beagle dogs, the vaccine was tested at titers of 2⁶ intranasally and 2⁶ intramuscularly. One week after a single immunization, the HI titer promptly reached 2⁸ among the immunized groups. The duration of antibody can persist for four months. We differentiated between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood. Four weeks after the single immunization, all beagles except those in the noninfected and nonimmunized groups were intranasally challenged with live H3N2 virus (1 × 10⁶ EID₅₀). All immunized beagles shed no virus at d 1–4 post-challenge. After the challenge, the placebo control beagles shed the virus on d 1 post-challenge (10^5.85±0.071 EID₅₀). An anatomical examination of the lungs revealed that visible lesions were rarely detected in the lungs of the nasal immunization group, and the lungs were as healthy as those of the noninfected and nonimmunized groups were. The lung surfaces presented visible bleeding spots in the intramuscular immunization group and placebo-control group. Their effectiveness will provide a scientific basis for the promotion and use of these products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in vaccination coverage by social care need: a scoping review","authors":"Arun Dahil,&nbsp;David Hardisty,&nbsp;Glenn Simpson,&nbsp;Hajira Dambha-Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccination rates vary in the UK population but are vital in maintaining public health. Social care needs (SCN) refer to the promotion of independence and wellbeing, particularly in those who may have a disability, be socially isolated, or endure economic stress. Variations in SCN may impact vaccine uptake, thereby affecting vaccination coverage, but this is poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We aim in our study to collate and interpret existing evidence on the variations in vaccination coverage among individuals with SCN.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) from inception to June 27, 2024. Grey literature was also searched. Two authors independently screened and extracted relevant papers, with disagreements resolved by a third author. The search terms used included: “vaccination AND social need AND immunisation”, and variations of these terms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 606 articles with 32 meeting the inclusion criteria following full-text screening. Studies originated from various regions, with most conducted in the USA. Key SCN identified as barriers to vaccination included access issues, limited information, social vulnerability, and economic deprivation. Vaccines most affected included influenza, pneumonia, and HPV.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our review collated evidence on vaccination uptake variations in relation to SCN, finding a limited body of research, primarily from the USA. Most studies indicated lower vaccine uptake among individuals with SCN. Greater understanding of these variations could inform improved vaccination uptake, especially in high-risk groups. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions to address these disparities in vaccination coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study on vaccination program accessibility for the elderly and medical risk groups in the south of the Netherlands","authors":"May Nhu Vu ,&nbsp;Tjalke Arend Westra ,&nbsp;Mickael Hiligsmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elderly and medical risk patients face an increased risk of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. However, their vaccination rates are on a decreasing trend in the Netherlands, contrary to public health recommendations. The current vaccination landscape for Dutch adults is complex, with separate programs and many stakeholders involved such as general practitioners (GP), municipal public health (GGD), and hospital specialists. This contributes to reduced access and vaccination rates. This study sought to gain stakeholder insight on how to improve the accessibility and sustainability of vaccine programs for the elderly and medical risk population in Limburg. Nine semi-structured interviews with vaccination stakeholders such as GPs, GGD, academic experts, specialist doctors and patient organizations were conducted. Four vaccine accessibility themes were identified: barriers to access, Limburg particularities, stakeholder roles and responsibilities, and adjustments to improve access and sustainability. Key barriers were vaccine hesitancy, program rigidity and fragmentation, lack of a data-sharing system, complex reimbursement, lack of stakeholder collaboration and trust, and complacency of different parties. Particularities of Limburg that should be considered are its geographical uniqueness and lower education and socioeconomic conditions. Finally, potential improvements were also identified, mainly: centralising to one vaccination stakeholder through GP and GGD collaboration, improving communication to patients, creating a patient data-sharing system, and maximising vaccination opportunities and convenience. Stakeholders held diverse perspectives on barriers to vaccination access. However, their views converged on centralisation at GGD and collaboration with GPs, a solution that may eliminate their weaknesses and combine their strengths. A focus on how to increase collaboration with GPs, trust, and convenience while centralising vaccination is to be prioritised in future research. Furthermore, an online vaccine registry and patient data-sharing system is desired by all parties. These solutions have the potential to reduce program fragmentation, enhance patient convenience and ultimately increase vaccine uptake among high-risk Dutch adult populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination among children and adolescents with chronic health conditions in Canada: A national cross-sectional study","authors":"Arlanna Pugh,&nbsp;Sailly Dave,&nbsp;Marwa Ebrahim,&nbsp;Julie A. Laroche","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccine rollout has prioritized high risk populations, including children with chronic health conditions (CHC), who are at greater risk of severe illness and hospitalization if infected. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination among Canadian children with at least one CHC, and parental reasons for non-vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Childhood COVID-19 Immunization Coverage Survey is a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of parents with children younger than 18 years old in Canada. Data was collected from April to July 2022 on COVID-19 immunization coverage and parental intentions to vaccinate their children. This study featured parents with children ages 5 to 17 years old who had at least one CHC. Unadjusted and adjusted weighted logistic regression models were built to explore factors of non-vaccination within this cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 882 parents with children who have at least one CHC, 138 (16 %) reported that their child was unvaccinated against COVID-19. Children who were a visible minority (aOR: 2.66, 99 % CI: 2.48, 2.85) or who did not have asthma (aOR: 1.48, 99 % CI: 1.42–1.56) had greater odds of being unvaccinated, whereas adolescents 12–17 years old had lower odds (aOR: 0.10, 99 % CI: 0.09–0.11). Unvaccinated parents who were hesitant or refused to vaccinate their child cited vaccine safety (67.2 %), inadequate research on COVID-19 vaccines (57.7 %), and vaccine effectiveness (55.9 %) as their top 3 concerns on COVID-19 vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Study findings may help inform policies and programs designed to address parental vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination uptake especially among children of visible minority, low SES and/or children who do not have asthma, but have other CHCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}