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Egalitarian Attitudes and Activity Spaces in Chitwan, Nepal. 尼泊尔奇特旺的平等主义态度和活动空间。
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-023-00115-7
Anna E Shetler, Scott T Yabiku

Connections between individuals' sociodemographic characteristics and their social attitudes have been widely studied, but there has been less research on how individuals' spatial patterns are related to attitudes. Studies that do incorporate space have focused on residential locations, neglecting spatial experience outside residential neighborhoods. To fill this gap, we test hypotheses relating multiple measures of activity space (AS) to social attitudes, using innovative spatial data from Nepal. First, we hypothesize that the gender and caste attitudes of a focal individual will be positively associated with the gender and caste attitudes of others in the focal individual's AS, including spaces beyond the residential neighborhood. Second, we hypothesize that privileged individuals (i.e., males and those of the Chhetri/Brahmin caste) with greater potential exposure to females and those of lower castes in their AS will have more egalitarian attitudes about gender and caste than those with less exposure in their AS. Linear regression models provide support for both hypotheses.

个人的社会人口特征与他们的社会态度之间的联系已被广泛研究,但关于个人的空间模式如何与态度相关的研究却较少。纳入空间的研究主要集中在住宅区,而忽略了住宅区以外的空间体验。为了填补这一空白,我们利用尼泊尔的创新空间数据,检验了活动空间(AS)与社会态度相关的多种测量方法的假设。首先,我们假设焦点个体的性别和种姓态度与焦点个体活动空间(包括住宅区以外的空间)中其他人的性别和种姓态度正相关。其次,我们假设,在其 AS 中与女性和低种姓人群有更多潜在接触的特权人群(即男性和 Chhetri/Brahmin 种姓人群),其性别和种姓态度将比那些在其 AS 中接触较少的人群更加平等。线性回归模型为这两个假设提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Fertility During the Fertility Transition in Estonia: A Spatial Analysis 爱沙尼亚生育率过渡期间生育率的决定因素:空间分析
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-023-00116-6
M. Gortfelder, H. Jaadla
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引用次数: 0
Geographic Variation and Factors Associated with Breast Cancer Screening in India Using a Spatial Durbin Approach 利用空间Durbin方法研究印度癌症筛查的地理变异和相关因素
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-023-00114-8
N. Nilima, Amitha Puranik, Siddharth Kaushik, S. Rai
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引用次数: 1
Small Area Estimation of Age-Specific and Total Fertility Rates in Bangladesh 孟加拉国特定年龄和总生育率的小区域估计
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-022-00113-1
U. Saha, Sumonkanti Das, Bernard Baffour, Hukum Chandra
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引用次数: 1
Ethnic/Racial Disparity in Mortality from COVID-19: Data for the Year 2020 in Brazil. 2019冠状病毒病死亡率的族裔/种族差异:巴西2020年数据
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-022-00112-2
Marina Dos Santos, Júlia Oliveira Penteado, Rodrigo de Lima Brum, Alicia da Silva Bonifácio, Paula Florêncio Ramires, Diuster de Franceschi Gariboti, Ruana Michela Santos Cardoso, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior

The study aimed to investigate ethnic/racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Brazilian federative units and their respective capitals in 2020. Population data and number of COVID-19 deaths were extracted by skin color (white, black, brown and indigenous) from all Brazilian states and their respective capitals. The mortality rate of COVID-19 by ethnicity in Brazilian states was higher between people from brown skin color, followed by indigenous and black. Only in one state, in the Federal District and in the federal capital, age-standardized mortality rates were higher among white's people. There is a high percentage of deaths from COVID-19 higher than expected among non-white individuals, especially in south-central states and capitals of the country. Mortality from COVID-19 affect ethnic-racial groups unevenly in Brazil and the number of excess deaths among non-whites was over 9000. Urgent government measures are needed to reduce the racial disparity in health indicators in Brazil.

该研究旨在调查2020年巴西联邦单位及其各自首都COVID-19死亡率的种族/种族差异。按肤色(白色、黑色、棕色和土著)从巴西所有州及其首府提取了COVID-19死亡人数和人口数据。在巴西各州,按种族划分的COVID-19死亡率在棕色皮肤人群中较高,其次是土著和黑人。只有在一个州,即联邦区和联邦首都,白人的年龄标准化死亡率高于白人。在非白人人群中,特别是在中南部各州和该国首都,COVID-19的死亡率高于预期。在巴西,COVID-19的死亡率对少数族裔群体的影响并不均衡,非白人的超额死亡人数超过9000人。政府需要采取紧急措施,减少巴西在健康指标方面的种族差异。
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引用次数: 2
Quantile Regression of Childhood Growth Trajectories: Obesity Disparities and Evaluation of Public Policy Interventions at the Local Level 儿童成长轨迹的分位数回归:肥胖差异和地方层面公共政策干预的评估
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-022-00109-x
K. Konty, S. Sweeney, Sophia E Day
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引用次数: 1
A Spatial Examination of Racial-Ethnic Population Patterns in Metro Atlanta Using Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive Models 使用贝叶斯条件自回归模型对亚特兰大大都市种族-民族人口模式的空间检验
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-022-00110-4
Treva Tam
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引用次数: 0
Conflict and Climate Factors and the Risk of Child Acute Malnutrition Among Children Aged 24-59 Months: A Comparative Analysis of Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. 冲突和气候因素与 24-59 个月大儿童急性营养不良的风险:肯尼亚、尼日利亚和乌干达的比较分析。
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00102-w
Kathryn Grace, Andrew Verdin, Molly Brown, Maryia Bakhtsiyarava, David Backer, Trey Billing

Acute malnutrition affects a sizeable number of young children around the world, with serious repercussions for mortality and morbidity. Among the top priorities in addressing this problem are to anticipate which children tend to be susceptible and where and when crises of high prevalence rates would be likely to arise. In this article, we highlight the potential role of conflict and climate conditions as risk factors for acute malnutrition, while also assessing other vulnerabilities at the individual- and household-levels. Existing research reflects these features selectively, whereas we incorporate all the features into the same study. The empirical analysis relies on integration of health, conflict, and environmental data at multiple scales of observation to focuses on how local conflict and climate factors relate to an individual child's health. The centerpiece of the analysis is data from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in several different cross-sectional waves covering 2003-2016 in Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. The results obtained from multi-level statistical models indicate that in Kenya and Nigeria, conflict is associated with lower weight-for-height scores among children, even after accounting for individual-level and climate factors. In Nigeria and Kenya, conflict lagged 1-3 months and occurring within the growing season tends to reduce WHZ scores. In Uganda, however, weight-for-height scores are primarily associated with individual-level and household-level conditions and demonstrate little association with conflict or climate factors. The findings are valuable to guide humanitarian policymakers and practitioners in effective and efficient targeting of attention, interventions, and resources that lessen burdens of acute malnutrition in countries prone to conflict and climate shocks.

急性营养不良影响着全世界相当多的幼儿,对死亡率和发病率造成严重影响。解决这一问题的当务之急是预测哪些儿童容易受到影响,以及高发病率危机可能在何时何地出现。在本文中,我们强调了冲突和气候条件作为急性营养不良风险因素的潜在作用,同时还评估了个人和家庭层面的其他脆弱性。现有研究选择性地反映了这些特征,而我们则将所有特征纳入同一研究中。实证分析依赖于在多个观察尺度上整合健康、冲突和环境数据,重点关注当地冲突和气候因素与儿童个人健康的关系。分析的核心是肯尼亚、尼日利亚和乌干达在 2003-2016 年期间进行的不同横截面人口与健康调查的数据。多层次统计模型得出的结果表明,在肯尼亚和尼日利亚,即使考虑了个人层面和气候因素,冲突也与儿童较低的体重身高分数相关。在尼日利亚和肯尼亚,滞后 1-3 个月且发生在生长季节的冲突往往会降低 WHZ 分数。然而,在乌干达,身高体重评分主要与个人和家庭条件有关,与冲突或气候因素的关系不大。这些研究结果对于指导人道主义政策制定者和实践者有效、高效地确定关注目标、干预措施和资源,减轻易受冲突和气候冲击国家的急性营养不良负担具有重要价值。
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引用次数: 0
The Geography of Women's Empowerment in West Africa. 西非妇女赋权的地理状况》。
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00099-2
Jacqueline Banks, Stuart Sweeney, Wendy Meiring

Women's empowerment has been a subject of interest because of its relevance to development and demography, particularly in West Africa. Women's empowerment is typically conceptualized as an individual attribute of women, associated with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. However, we hypothesize a geography of women's empowerment in the West African region, where empowerment processes are culturally situated and embedded in place. Such a geography would be observable via spatial associations over the region. This study uses Demographic and Health Survey data from 14 West African states over the past decade and an innovative multi-stage approach combining advanced statistical methods and spatial assessment to analyze indicators of women's empowerment and its spatial variability across the West African region. First we use a multivariate classification method to identify patterns in responses to empowerment questions and derive an empowerment classification scheme. Next we use these classifications to render a map of West Africa depicting the spatial variation of women's empowerment in the region. Ultimately, we fit multinomial structured geo-additive regression models to the data to analyze spatial variation in women's empowerment while controlling for certain socioeconomic-demographic characteristics. Our results demonstrate that women's responses to empowerment survey questions indeed vary geographically, even when controlling for individual socioeconomic-demographic attributes. This finding suggests that women's empowerment may relate to aspects of culture embedded in place in addition to the ways it relates to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

由于妇女赋权与发展和人口统计相关,特别是在西非,妇女赋权一直是人们关注的主题。妇女赋权通常被视为妇女的个人属性,与社会经济和人口特征相关。然而,我们假设西非地区存在妇女赋权的地理环境,在那里,赋权过程具有文化背景,并植根于当地。这种地理格局可以通过该地区的空间关联进行观察。本研究使用了 14 个西非国家过去十年的人口与健康调查数据,并结合先进的统计方法和空间评估,采用创新的多阶段方法分析了西非地区的妇女赋权指标及其空间变异性。首先,我们使用多元分类方法来识别对增强权能问题的回答模式,并得出增强权能分类方案。接下来,我们利用这些分类绘制西非地图,描述该地区妇女赋权的空间变化。最后,我们对数据拟合了多项式结构地理加成回归模型,分析妇女赋权的空间变化,同时控制某些社会经济-人口特征。我们的结果表明,即使控制了个人的社会经济人口特征,妇女对赋权调查问题的回答也确实存在地域差异。这一结果表明,妇女赋权除了与社会经济和人口特征有关外,还可能与地方文化的方方面面有关。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Special Issue on Population Dynamics in Africa 非洲人口动态特刊简介
IF 1.9 Q3 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-022-00111-3
E. Gayawan
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