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When Best Intentions Fail: Why Ads May Fall Short in Combating Islamophobia 当最好的意图失败:为什么广告可能不足以对抗伊斯兰恐惧症
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2020.1716895
Eric Van Steenburg
Abstract Increasing crimes against Muslims are evidence that Muslim Americans are being targeted, while political and media rhetoric has aided the rise of Islamophobia. In response, the Council on American-Islamic Relations initiated an advertising campaign to reframe the discourse. Relying on terror management theory as a foundation, this research leverages a sequential mixed-method approach to evaluate and analyze the ads, bringing together concepts of rhetorical articulation of politics, discourse analysis of media-based rhetoric, and complicity theory related to racism to understand contemporary political framing of Islam. A quantitative study determined one’s religious fundamentalism had an effect on the viewer’s attitude toward the ads. This was followed by a qualitative analysis of the ads based on Stern’s approach to advertisement critique. Triangulated results show that the ads reinforce cultural worldviews that frame Muslims as “other” that could entrench existing attitudes toward Muslim Americans. Suggestions are made for future advertising efforts to reframe the discussion.
越来越多的针对穆斯林的犯罪是美国穆斯林成为攻击目标的证据,而政治和媒体的言论助长了伊斯兰恐惧症的兴起。作为回应,美国-伊斯兰关系委员会发起了一场广告活动,以重新构建话语。本研究以恐怖管理理论为基础,利用顺序混合方法来评估和分析广告,将政治修辞的概念、基于媒体的修辞的话语分析和与种族主义相关的共谋理论结合在一起,以理解伊斯兰教的当代政治框架。一项定量研究确定了一个人的宗教原教旨主义对观众对广告的态度有影响。随后,根据斯特恩的广告批评方法,对广告进行了定性分析。三角分析结果显示,这些广告强化了将穆斯林框定为“他者”的文化世界观,这可能会巩固对美国穆斯林的现有态度。对未来的广告努力提出了建议,以重新组织讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Advertising Agricultural Biotechnology: Metaphors and Controversial Products 农业生物技术广告:隐喻与争议产品
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2020.1724839
Marjorie Delbaere, Spencer Groth, M. Moreland
Abstract Developments in biotechnology have had a huge impact on agriculture in the past century. Despite reassurances from some experts and agriculture biotechnology manufacturers, a number of groups fear the benefits in productivity do not outweigh the potential threats to health and the environment. This research presents a content analysis of advertisements for agricultural biotechnology products targeted to farmers, focusing on the conceptual metaphors appearing in the ads. Our results suggest that ads for products high in perceived risk are more likely to have a high degree of metaphor presence than to be literal. We find that ads for seeds have higher metaphor presence as the level of genetic modification of the seeds increases and that the product type is significantly related to the conceptual metaphor appearing in the ad. Ads for pesticides were most likely to present agricultural biotechnology in terms of war.
在过去的一个世纪里,生物技术的发展对农业产生了巨大的影响。尽管一些专家和农业生物技术制造商做出了保证,但一些团体担心,生产力方面的好处并没有超过对健康和环境的潜在威胁。本研究对面向农民的农业生物技术产品广告进行了内容分析,重点关注广告中出现的概念隐喻。我们的研究结果表明,高感知风险产品的广告更有可能具有高度的隐喻存在,而不是字面上的隐喻。我们发现,随着种子基因修饰程度的增加,种子广告的隐喻存在度也更高,并且产品类型与广告中出现的概念隐喻显著相关。农药广告最有可能以战争的方式呈现农业生物技术。
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引用次数: 0
Connecting without Connection: Using Social Media to Analyze Problematic Drinking Behavior among Mothers 没有联系的联系:使用社交媒体分析母亲的问题饮酒行为
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2019.1659195
E. C. Crawford, Emory S. Daniel, Muhabbat Yakubova, Ishan Kodagoda Peiris
Abstract Alcohol abuse among women, specifically mothers, is on the rise and has been called an emerging public health crisis. Social media, unrealistic societal expectations, and alcohol dependency drive some women into isolation. In a polycentric media environment where user-generated content is the norm, developing public service announcements (PSAs) to increase awareness of the dangers of overconsumption and regulating harmful alcohol-related messages is becoming less effective and practicable. In order to understand the connection between social media, cultural expectations, and alcohol use, this study analyzes a popular social media page titled Mommy Drinks Wine and Swears (MDWAS). The posts and comments on the page are interpreted through the lens of ritual behavior, social gifts, and risk perception. Using the themes that emerged from the inductive analysis, the research uncovers opportunities for intervention that include promoting the true social relationships that support women, instead of superficial connections on social media, and working with women to co-produce more relevant messages. Further, this research has implications for current health communication models that do not include the possibility of reaching an audience that believes they are immune to the dangers and risks associated with drinking in excess.
摘要妇女,特别是母亲中的酗酒现象正在上升,并被称为一场新出现的公共卫生危机。社交媒体、不切实际的社会期望和酒精依赖使一些女性陷入孤立。在用户生成内容成为常态的多中心媒体环境中,制定公共服务公告以提高人们对过度消费危险的认识,并监管与酒精相关的有害信息,变得越来越不有效和不可行。为了理解社交媒体、文化期望和饮酒之间的联系,本研究分析了一个名为“妈妈喝酒并发誓”(MDWAS)的流行社交媒体页面。页面上的帖子和评论是通过仪式行为、社交礼物和风险感知的视角来解读的。利用归纳分析中出现的主题,该研究揭示了干预的机会,包括促进支持女性的真实社会关系,而不是社交媒体上的肤浅联系,以及与女性合作,共同产生更相关的信息。此外,这项研究对当前的健康传播模型有影响,这些模型不包括接触到相信自己对过量饮酒相关的危险和风险免疫的受众的可能性。
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引用次数: 11
Consumer Sense Making of Political Front Group Messages 消费者对政治前线团体信息的理解
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2019.1657045
E. Haley
Abstract This study looks at how highly educated, politically literate individuals make sense of political front group advertising. Using the concepts of the persuasion knowledge model and Malmelin's model of advertising literacy, the study explores the knowledge base needed for individuals to be literate in reading these types of political ads. The study uses in-depth interviews with both self-identified liberal and conservative voters. The insights suggest that even the politically literate are not equipped to fully understand a front group ad. Suggestions for ways to enhance political advertising literacy are discussed.
摘要本研究着眼于受过高等教育、懂政治的个人如何理解政治前沿团体广告。该研究利用说服知识模型和Malmelin的广告素养模型的概念,探索了个人在阅读这些类型的政治广告时识字所需的知识库。该研究对自我认同的自由派和保守派选民进行了深入采访。这些见解表明,即使是有政治素养的人也不具备完全理解前沿群体广告的能力。讨论了提高政治广告素养的方法建议。
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引用次数: 3
Controversial Conversations: The Emotions Evoked by Anti-Terrorism Advertising 争议对话:反恐广告引发的情绪
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2020.1727800
J. Villegas, Cynthia R. Morton
Abstract This report presents an exploratory study that compares the emotional response outcomes to anti-terrorism messages when the attributed source is manipulated (for-profit, not-for-profit, and government). The concept of discrete emotions (e.g., anger, joy, fear) was used to explore the emotions elicited by this type of message and its sources and the unique influence on audience’s perceptions of persuasion of these discrete emotions. The results found that messages which include references about terrorism elicit a complex emotional response that can increase or reduce the persuasiveness of the message.
摘要本报告提出了一项探索性研究,比较了当归因来源被操纵时(营利、非营利和政府)对反恐信息的情绪反应结果。使用离散情绪(如愤怒、喜悦、恐惧)的概念来探索这种类型的信息所引发的情绪及其来源,以及对受众对这些离散情绪说服的感知的独特影响。研究结果发现,涉及恐怖主义的信息会引发复杂的情绪反应,从而增加或减少信息的说服力。
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引用次数: 4
Who, Moi? Exploring the Fit Between Celebrity Spokescharacters and Luxury Brands 谁,我?探索名人代言人与奢侈品牌之间的契合度
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2019.1656684
K. Sheehan
Abstract Brands use spokescharacters like Hello Kitty and Miss Piggy to successfully market products like candy, cereal, and fast food to both adults and children. Recently, advertisers and brands began using spokescharacters to promote luxury products like jewelry, handbags, and makeup to adult women, perhaps to tap into women’s nostalgic feelings about these characters from childhood. This study examines whether traditional Match Up perspectives apply to celebrity spokescharacters for luxury brands, and whether women’s proneness to nostalgia affected brand perceptions. Women assessed two popular spokescharacters (Miss Piggy and Hello Kitty) in terms of their credibility and fit with products in two luxury product categories: makeup and handbags. Results showed that fit was influenced by perceptions of spokesperson attractiveness and expertise, as well as the specific product category. Trustworthiness, a construct important in assessing fit with “real” celebrities, did not affect fit for celebrity spokescharacters. Women’s proneness to nostalgia influenced perceptions of attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise but did not influence perceptions of fit.
品牌利用像Hello Kitty和Miss Piggy这样的代言人来成功地向成人和儿童推销糖果、麦片和快餐等产品。最近,广告商和品牌开始使用代言人向成年女性推销珠宝、手袋和化妆品等奢侈品,也许是为了利用女性对这些童年时期的角色的怀旧之情。本研究考察了传统的匹配视角是否适用于奢侈品牌的名人代言人,以及女性的怀旧倾向是否会影响品牌认知。女性对两个受欢迎的代言人(猪小姐和凯蒂猫)的可信度和与两类奢侈品(化妆品和手袋)的契合度进行了评估。结果表明,对代言人的吸引力和专业知识的认知以及特定的产品类别都会影响契合度。可信度是评估与“真正的”名人契合度的一个重要概念,但它并不影响名人代言人的契合度。女性的怀旧倾向会影响她们对吸引力、可信度和专业知识的认知,但不会影响她们对契合度的认知。
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引用次数: 10
Snark Happens: Effects of Schadenfreude on Brand Attitudes Snark Happens:幸灾乐祸对品牌态度的影响
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2020.1738290
R. A. Hayes, C. Carr
Abstract Brands have long been advised to not post or encourage negative messages about competing brands; but individual users independently posting “snark” or celebrating the travails of competing brands via social media is common. This study investigates how schadenfreude, pleasure derived from another’s misfortune, generated by negative social media posts about competing brands affects brand perceptions and attitudes among those of varying degrees of brand identification. This research employs a 2 (post target: ingroup brand vs. outgroup competitor) × 2 (valence of post: positive vs. negative) experiment (N = 108). Results reveal effects of positive-ingroup messages and negative-outgroup messages desired by the brand, moderated by brand identification. Negative-outgroup messages positively influenced perceptions of commitment, affect, and intent to purchase. In short, peer-generated snark about a competitor brand on social media can be beneficial, particularly among those already strongly associating with the preferred brand. Findings are of interest to practitioners monitoring and scholars investigating brand social media activity.
摘要长期以来,人们一直建议品牌不要发布或鼓励关于竞争品牌的负面信息;但个人用户通过社交媒体独立发布“讽刺”或庆祝竞争品牌的痛苦是很常见的。本研究调查了社交媒体上关于竞争品牌的负面帖子所产生的幸灾乐祸(来自他人不幸的快乐)如何影响不同程度品牌认同者的品牌认知和态度。本研究采用了2(后目标:内群体品牌与外群体竞争对手)×2(后价:阳性与阴性)实验(N = 108)。结果显示,品牌期望的正向群内信息和负向群外信息的影响受品牌识别的调节。负面的群体外信息对承诺、情感和购买意愿的感知产生了积极影响。简言之,在社交媒体上,同行对竞争对手品牌的嘲讽可能是有益的,尤其是在那些已经与首选品牌有着密切联系的人中。研究结果对监测品牌社交媒体活动的从业者和学者都很有兴趣。
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引用次数: 2
Creative Advertising Executions Encourage the Processing Advantages of Product Familiarity 创意广告执行鼓励产品熟悉度的加工优势
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2020.1726842
B. Huhmann, Yam B. Limbu
Abstract Despite ease of processing from greater prior knowledge and expertise, high-familiarity consumers often fail to process product-specific information more than low-familiarity consumers. This paradox of familiarity makes reaching consumers particularly difficult for new brands of familiar products. A creative execution corollary proposes that sufficiently engaging executions should motivate advertising engagement such that high-familiarity consumers’ experience and well-developed associative networks permit them to locate and retain relevant information better than low-familiarity consumers. Two experiments demonstrate that sufficient creative executions (i.e., humor and/or athlete endorsers) enhance attention, processing, and recall of brand-relevant information for a familiar versus unfamiliar product, but no difference when advertisements feature insufficient or no creative executions.
尽管从更多的先验知识和专业知识中易于处理,但高熟悉度的消费者往往比低熟悉度的消费者更不能处理特定产品的信息。这种熟悉的悖论使得新品牌和熟悉的产品接触消费者尤其困难。创造性执行推论提出,充分参与的执行应该激发广告参与,这样,高度熟悉的消费者体验和发达的联想网络使他们能够比低熟悉的消费者更好地定位和保留相关信息。两个实验表明,充分的创意执行(例如,幽默和/或运动员代言)可以增强对熟悉产品与不熟悉产品的品牌相关信息的关注、处理和回忆,但当广告的创意执行不足或没有创意执行时,这一结果没有差异。
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引用次数: 5
Marketing Professionals’ Views on Online Advertising Fraud 营销人员对网络广告欺诈的看法
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2020.1737276
K. Dörnyei
Abstract It is estimated that within the online advertising industry, online advertising fraud (OAF) accounts for at least 10 percent of all spending. Such a phenomenon requires a systematic analysis to examine the marketing perspective; therefore, this article examines online marketing professionals’ attitudes toward OAF by conducting eighty-nine interviews. The findings suggest that OAF is a high risk to the advertising industry and an urgent daily problem for many players. Building on Agency Theory, the results show that online professionals often tolerate fraudulent traffic due to a low awareness of OAF and a lack of sufficient knowledge among clients. Ineffective measurement systems and unrealistic expectations of clients also inhibit effective fraud detection practices. The present study aims to raise awareness by providing a better understanding of this understudied topic from a marketing perspective and aims to motivate practitioners and academics to establish effective fraud prevention procedures.
摘要据估计,在在线广告行业中,在线广告欺诈(OAF)至少占所有支出的10%。这样的现象需要系统的分析来检验营销视角;因此,本文通过89次访谈,考察了网络营销专业人士对OAF的态度。研究结果表明,OAF对广告业来说是一个高风险,也是许多玩家每天面临的紧迫问题。基于代理理论,研究结果表明,由于对OAF的认识较低,客户缺乏足够的知识,在线专业人士往往容忍欺诈流量。无效的衡量系统和客户不切实际的期望也阻碍了有效的欺诈检测实践。本研究旨在通过从营销角度更好地理解这一研究不足的主题来提高人们的认识,并旨在激励从业者和学者制定有效的欺诈预防程序。
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引用次数: 13
Consumer Response to Virtual CSR Experiences 消费者对虚拟CSR体验的反应
IF 3.4 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/10641734.2020.1734119
Yoon‐Joo Lee, Wen Zhao, Huan Chen
Abstract This study examines a unique context for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the form of a virtual reality (VR) video featuring a quasi-experimental design that was sponsored by an alcohol company. The study examines whether individual variation in the immersive tendency plays a role in the perception of CSR initiatives in VR videos. This study reveals that consumers (i.e., college students) with a higher level of immersive tendency are more likely to have positive attitudes toward CSR ads, via emotional engagement and telepresence, than those with a lower level of immersive tendency. However, our results show that consumer immersive tendency and emotional engagement with the VR video have no influence on purchase intention. Further, this study reveals that unique characteristics of VR video (e.g., telepresence and emotional engagement) can play a role in evaluating cognitive, attitudinal, and purchase intention in the unique context of VR video by adopting dialogic (emotional) engagement and the hierarchy-of-effect (HOE) model. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
摘要本研究以虚拟现实(VR)视频的形式考察了企业社会责任(CSR)倡议的独特背景,该视频以一家酒类公司赞助的准实验设计为特色。该研究考察了身临其境倾向的个体差异是否在VR视频中感知企业社会责任举措中发挥作用。这项研究表明,与沉浸式倾向较低的消费者相比,具有较高沉浸式倾向的消费者(即大学生)更有可能通过情感参与和远程呈现对CSR广告持积极态度。然而,我们的研究结果表明,消费者的沉浸式倾向和对VR视频的情感投入对购买意愿没有影响。此外,本研究还揭示了虚拟现实视频的独特特征(如临场感和情感参与)可以通过采用对话(情感)参与和效果层次(HOE)模型,在虚拟现实视频独特的背景下,在评估认知、态度和购买意图方面发挥作用。讨论了理论和管理含义。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Journal of Current Issues and Research In Advertising
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