Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a912515
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Editor’s Overview <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <p>The December 2023 issue is spectacular! It has been deeply rewarding to edit. It captures many new directions in the field. Kristen T. Oertel’s ambitious article on the Second Seminal War situates Native American history in direct conversation with the Civil War, revealing how emancipation served as a wartime strategy in 1838. Following the actions of Black combatants in a Florida swamp, Oertel shows how Gen. Thomas Sidney Jesup issued what she refers to as the “first” emancipation. She urges historians to connect this order to the broader history of emancipation and Black resistance during the Civil War.</p> <p>In keeping with the journal’s commitment to study cultural history not simply as a companion to military history but as a significant force in the field, Matthew Fox-Amato turns attention to iconoclasm. In compelling detail, Fox-Amato shows how Northern soldiers, sometimes with the help of enslaved people, contributed to <em>“the harming, destruction, theft, or appropriation of images and other visual objects.”</em></p> <p>As editor, I want to deliver historical analysis in creative ways to the broadest readership. I have aimed to accomplish this by organizing roundtable discussions that have been recorded, transcribed, and edited for publication in the journal. These informal but generative discussions—on subjects ranging from Deborah Willis’s <em>The Black Soldier</em> to Thavolia Glymph’s scholarship, to a forum on Eric Foner’s classic essay on the causes of the Civil War—provide readers with an introduction to a new argument and offer those familiar with these subjects new ways of engaging with them. For this issue, in keeping with this tradition, I have organized a roundtable discussion on Frances E. W. Harper’s 1892 novel <em>Iola Leroy</em>.</p> <p>Harper, born to free Black parents in Maryland in 1825, was an active abolitionist and poet before the Civil War began. Decades after the war ended, she taught freedpeople in the postwar South and wrote a novel, <em>Iola Leroy</em>, to chronicle their lives during the war. Based on her observations and conversations with Black people who had been enslaved and then liberated, she wrote one of the first Black novels about the Civil War. <em>Iola Leroy</em> is a breathtaking and profound primary source that serves as a rich transcript of an era. While literary critics have studied Harper and her many writings since at least the 1980s, many contemporary historians are not familiar with her or her book. As the editor of a journal committed to interdisciplinary analysis, I wanted readers to consider the novel as an archive. <strong>[End Page 9]</strong></p> <p>I thus organized a roundtable with some of the nation’s leading literary critics and social and cultural historians to acquaint readers with the book and provide n
这里是内容的简短摘录，而不是摘要:编辑概述2023年12月的这一期是壮观的!编辑是一件非常值得的事情。它抓住了该领域的许多新方向。克里斯汀·t·欧特尔(Kristen T. Oertel)关于第二次开创性战争的雄心勃勃的文章将美国原住民的历史与内战直接对话，揭示了1838年解放奴隶是如何成为战时战略的。跟随黑人战士在佛罗里达沼泽地的行动，欧特尔展示了托马斯·西德尼·杰瑟普将军是如何发布她所谓的“第一次”解放的。她敦促历史学家将这一秩序与内战期间解放黑奴和黑人抵抗运动的更广泛历史联系起来。为了与杂志的承诺保持一致，研究文化史不仅仅是作为军事史的伴侣，而是作为该领域的重要力量，马修·福克斯-阿马托将注意力转向了偶像破坏。福克斯-阿马托以令人信服的细节展示了北方士兵如何，有时在奴隶的帮助下，促成了“伤害、破坏、盗窃或盗用图像和其他视觉对象”。作为编辑，我希望以创造性的方式向最广泛的读者提供历史分析。我的目标是通过组织圆桌讨论来实现这一目标，这些讨论已被记录、转录和编辑，以便在期刊上发表。这些非正式但富有创造性的讨论——主题从黛博拉·威利斯的《黑人士兵》到塔弗里亚·格林夫的奖学金，再到埃里克·福纳关于内战起因的经典文章的论坛——为读者提供了一个新论点的介绍，并为那些熟悉这些主题的人提供了参与这些主题的新途径。为了这个问题，为了保持这一传统，我组织了一次圆桌讨论，讨论弗朗西斯·e·w·哈珀1892年的小说《艾奥拉·勒罗伊》。哈珀于1825年出生在马里兰州的一个自由黑人家庭，在内战开始前，他是一位活跃的废奴主义者和诗人。战争结束几十年后，她在战后的南方教自由人，并写了一部小说《伊奥拉·勒罗伊》(Iola Leroy)，记录他们在战争期间的生活。根据她的观察和与被奴役和被解放的黑人的对话，她写了第一部关于内战的黑人小说。Iola Leroy是一个令人惊叹和深刻的主要来源，作为一个时代的丰富成绩单。虽然至少从20世纪80年代起，文学评论家就开始研究哈珀和她的许多作品，但许多当代历史学家并不熟悉她或她的书。作为一份致力于跨学科分析的期刊的编辑，我希望读者把这部小说当作一份档案。因此，我组织了一次圆桌会议，邀请了一些国内著名的文学评论家和社会文化历史学家，让读者熟悉这本书，并为读过这本书的人提供新的见解。上个学年，我有幸成为哈佛大学哈钦斯非洲和非裔美国人研究中心的一员，所以这次谈话就发生在那里。和我一起的还有一群真正杰出的学者。文学评论家、历史学家、哈钦斯中心主任小亨利·路易斯·盖茨(Henry Louis Gates Jr.)参加了这次对话。盖茨是世界上研究黑人历史的主要学者之一，他在20世纪80年代领导了许多19世纪黑人女性作品的鉴定和重新出版工作。朔姆伯格黑人女作家图书馆收藏了二十多本杰出的书，从小说到自传再到戏剧，这些书在20世纪80年代彻底改变了文学和历史研究，其中包括伊奥拉·勒罗伊。“斯基普”盖茨一直信守承诺，利用现有的档案证据来分析过去。在对话的一开始，他就如何研究黑人历史进行了深刻的分析。其他参与者包括文化历史学家Rhea Lynn Barnes，社会历史学家Rashauna Johnson，文学评论家和历史学家John Stauffer。由于该活动对哈钦斯中心的研究员开放，Nii Ayikwei Parkes和Faith Smith都参加了并发表了评论。这个圆桌会议是一个真正充满活力的对话，会引起任何对内战感兴趣的人的兴趣，对于那些把Iola Leroy添加到他们的教学大纲中的人来说，这将是一个特别有用的伴侣。最后，书评部分有一个很棒的概述……
{"title":"Editor's Overview","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2023.a912515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2023.a912515","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Editor’s Overview <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <p>The December 2023 issue is spectacular! It has been deeply rewarding to edit. It captures many new directions in the field. Kristen T. Oertel’s ambitious article on the Second Seminal War situates Native American history in direct conversation with the Civil War, revealing how emancipation served as a wartime strategy in 1838. Following the actions of Black combatants in a Florida swamp, Oertel shows how Gen. Thomas Sidney Jesup issued what she refers to as the “first” emancipation. She urges historians to connect this order to the broader history of emancipation and Black resistance during the Civil War.</p> <p>In keeping with the journal’s commitment to study cultural history not simply as a companion to military history but as a significant force in the field, Matthew Fox-Amato turns attention to iconoclasm. In compelling detail, Fox-Amato shows how Northern soldiers, sometimes with the help of enslaved people, contributed to <em>“the harming, destruction, theft, or appropriation of images and other visual objects.”</em></p> <p>As editor, I want to deliver historical analysis in creative ways to the broadest readership. I have aimed to accomplish this by organizing roundtable discussions that have been recorded, transcribed, and edited for publication in the journal. These informal but generative discussions—on subjects ranging from Deborah Willis’s <em>The Black Soldier</em> to Thavolia Glymph’s scholarship, to a forum on Eric Foner’s classic essay on the causes of the Civil War—provide readers with an introduction to a new argument and offer those familiar with these subjects new ways of engaging with them. For this issue, in keeping with this tradition, I have organized a roundtable discussion on Frances E. W. Harper’s 1892 novel <em>Iola Leroy</em>.</p> <p>Harper, born to free Black parents in Maryland in 1825, was an active abolitionist and poet before the Civil War began. Decades after the war ended, she taught freedpeople in the postwar South and wrote a novel, <em>Iola Leroy</em>, to chronicle their lives during the war. Based on her observations and conversations with Black people who had been enslaved and then liberated, she wrote one of the first Black novels about the Civil War. <em>Iola Leroy</em> is a breathtaking and profound primary source that serves as a rich transcript of an era. While literary critics have studied Harper and her many writings since at least the 1980s, many contemporary historians are not familiar with her or her book. As the editor of a journal committed to interdisciplinary analysis, I wanted readers to consider the novel as an archive. <strong>[End Page 9]</strong></p> <p>I thus organized a roundtable with some of the nation’s leading literary critics and social and cultural historians to acquaint readers with the book and provide n","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a912511
Angela M. Riotto
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Families’ Civil War: Black Soldiers and the Fight for Racial Justice</em> by Holly A. Pinheiro Jr <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Angela M. Riotto (bio) </li> </ul> <em>The Families’ Civil War: Black Soldiers and the Fight for Racial Justice</em>. Holly A. Pinheiro Jr. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-8203-6196-3, 242 pp., paper, $26.95. <p>The remarkable story of US Colored Troops (USCT) is familiar to most Americans—the 1989 film <em>Glory</em> made sure of that. For decades, scholars of the American Civil War have also published on USCT experiences, examining their recruitment, training, combat, and struggles against racism. Historians have also considered Southern formerly enslaved people’s attempts to serve and support the war effort, their postwar trials, and the nascent civil rights movement. What historians have overlooked, however, are the experiences <strong>[End Page 94]</strong> of Northern-born free African Americans and their experiences throughout the Civil War era. Holly A. Pinheiro Jr. seeks to remedy this oversight and examine the lived experiences of Philadelphia-born USCT soldiers and their kin from before the war and into the 1930s. For him, the Civil War is only part of the story and to understand African Americans’ fight for racial justice, historians must look beyond the war and even beyond the soldiers.</p> <p>To uncover the lived experiences of native-born African American Philadelphian men and their families, Pinheiro focuses on soldiers from Pennsylvania’s first three USCT regiments: the Third, Sixth, and the Eighth USCT Regiments. Although the state raised eleven USCT regiments, the author explains that the first three received much more local and national attention, thus warranting his focus. From these, Pinheiro creates a sample of 185 USCT soldiers and 771 of their multigenerational family members. Using this sample as his focal point, he traces their experiences over seventy years. He supplements his sample with the Compiled Military Service Record, pension applications; the US Census; letters, diaries, newspaper articles; and stories from other USCT soldiers and their families across the United States. As a result, Pinheiro constructs a collage of African Americans’ experiences, which enables the reader to see how these individuals fought and persevered against racism throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.</p> <p>To begin, the author details prewar African American familial experiences in Philadelphia. He chose the City of Brotherly Love because it was an important Northern city with the nation’s largest population of free African Americans, almost 4 percent of the city’s population of 22,185 in 1860 (5). Moreover, the city’s significance to nineteenth-century industrialization and wartime mobilization and productio
代替摘要，这里是内容的简短摘录:回顾:家庭内战:黑人士兵和争取种族正义的斗争，作者:小霍莉a .皮涅罗安吉拉M.里奥托(传记)家庭内战:黑人士兵和争取种族正义的斗争。Holly A. Pinheiro Jr.雅典:佐治亚大学出版社，2022。ISBN: 978-0-8203-6196-3, 242页，纸质版，26.95美元。美国有色人种部队(USCT)的非凡故事对大多数美国人来说都是熟悉的——1989年的电影《光荣》确保了这一点。几十年来，研究美国内战的学者也发表了关于南加州大学的经验，研究他们的招募、训练、战斗和反对种族主义的斗争。历史学家还考虑了南方前奴隶为战争服务和支持的努力，他们的战后审判，以及新生的民权运动。然而，历史学家忽略了北方出生的自由非裔美国人的经历以及他们在内战时期的经历。Holly A. Pinheiro Jr.试图弥补这一疏忽，并研究了费城出生的USCT士兵及其亲属从战前到20世纪30年代的生活经历。对他来说，南北战争只是故事的一部分，要理解非裔美国人为种族正义而战，历史学家必须超越战争，甚至超越士兵。为了揭示土生土长的非裔费城人及其家庭的生活经历，Pinheiro将重点放在宾夕法尼亚州前三个USCT团的士兵身上:第三，第六和第八USCT团。虽然该州组建了11个USCT团，但发件人解释说，前三个团在地方和全国得到了更多的关注，因此值得他的关注。根据这些资料，皮涅罗创建了185名USCT士兵和771名他们的多代家庭成员的样本。以这个样本为重点，他追溯了他们70多年来的经历。他还补充了兵役记录汇编、养老金申请;美国人口普查;信件、日记、报纸文章;以及美国各地其他USCT士兵及其家人的故事。因此，皮涅罗构建了一幅非裔美国人经历的拼贴画，使读者能够看到这些人是如何在19世纪末和20世纪初与种族主义作斗争并坚持不懈的。首先，作者详细描述了战前非裔美国人在费城的家庭经历。他之所以选择“兄弟之爱之城”，是因为它是一个重要的北方城市，拥有全国最多的自由非裔美国人，在1860年占该市22185人口的近4%。此外，这座城市对19世纪工业化和战时动员和生产的重要性使它成为种族、阶级、性别和公民身份问题的中心。皮涅罗以费城为背景，从私人和公共空间调查了工作贫困的非裔美国人的生活。他展示了非裔美国人，无论性别、职业、教育程度或社会经济地位如何，都在与系统性的种族主义作斗争。他利用人口普查和入伍记录来确定USCT士兵的战前职业和家庭状况。在这里，他引入了有效亲属的概念。在他分析的许多家庭中，人们住在一起，不受法律或血缘的约束。他的理由是，他们最好被理解为“实际亲属”，这是一个术语，指的是那些被视为“家庭”或“亲属”的人，没有收养、生物关系或婚姻关系(6)。皮涅罗认为，非裔美国家庭通常欢迎实际亲属到他们家里来帮助他们处理财务问题，并分享有限的资源。尽管这些关系——更不用说非法婚姻了——不符合白人关于家庭和性别责任的观念，但北非裔美国人接受并应用了一些模式，这些模式帮助他们在种族主义制度中生存下来，甚至可能茁壮成长。接着，皮涅罗转向战争和联邦政府招募非裔美国人加入新成立的USCT部队。就像以前一样，非裔美国男人和他们的家庭寻找机会来获得安全、争取平等和获得公民身份。许多人认为服兵役是社会经济和政治进步的途径。然而，皮涅罗警告读者，服兵役也会给家庭带来困难，为国家服务并不意味着逃避种族主义。在第二、三、四章中，他……
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Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a912509
Jim Downs, Rhae Lynn Barnes, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Rashauna Johnson, John Stauffer, Faith Smith, Nii Ayikwei Parkes
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> A Novel as Archive<span>A Roundtable on Frances E. W. Harper’s 1892 Novel, <em>Iola Leroy</em>, about the Civil War and Reconstruction</span> <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Jim Downs, <em>Editor and Moderator</em> (bio), Rhae Lynn Barnes (bio), Henry Louis Gates Jr. (bio), Rashauna Johnson (bio), John Stauffer (bio), Faith Smith (bio), and Nii Ayikwei Parkes (bio) </li> </ul> <strong>JIM DOWNS:</strong> <p>Over the past year at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University, there have been lots of discussions about why archives matter. These conversations have come into sharp focus based on the significance of Saidiya Hartman’s article “Venus in Two Acts” and her books <em>Lose Your Mother: A Journey along the Atlantic Slave Route</em> and <em>Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiment</em> and Marisa J. Fuentes’s <em>Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive</em>, which raise critical questions about how we can uncover the lives of enslaved and oppressed people in traditional archives.<sup>1</sup> While their critical research has helped many of us remember the ideological forces that shaped the creation of archives and provided a model on how to rigorously interrogate surviving sources, I am afraid that some scholars have used this scholarship to become pessimistic about archival research. What I learned from Hartman and Fuentes <strong>[End Page 65]</strong> was how to think more creatively and critically about interpreting surviving sources, not a call designed to shut down archival research. But I think their work is now being used to claim that Black subjectivity is almost impossible to uncover in traditional archives. Over the past academic year at the Hutchins Center, I have had conversations over lunch with Rashauna Johnson and Rhae Lynn Barnes about this, and we decided to turn our informal conversations into a roundtable discussion that could be published in <em>Civil War History</em>. In part, Civil War history has been divorced from many critical conversations happening within African American studies about theory and method, so I wanted to create an interdisciplinary forum that would introduce Civil War historians to this conversation. When Rashauna, Rhae Lynn, and I discussed how to organize the conversation, we decided to select a primary source that we would all read and analyze based on our own scholarly orientations. We also thought this would be a good exercise for readers of the journal. They too could read the source and the accompanying roundtable and use it in their research or teaching.</p> <p>While there are endless sources that could serve as the bridge between African American studies and Civil War studies, I decided on Frances E. W. Harper’s 1892 novel, <em>Iola Leroy</em>, which chronicles the Black experience during the Civil War. Harper was bor
代替摘要，这里是内容的简短摘录:作为档案的小说——弗朗西斯·e·w·哈珀1892年小说的圆桌会议，关于内战和重建的伊奥拉·勒罗伊吉姆·唐斯，编辑和主持人(传记)，雷·林恩·巴恩斯(传记)，小亨利·路易斯·盖茨(传记)，拉绍纳·约翰逊(传记)，约翰·斯托弗(传记)，费斯·史密斯(传记)，和Nii Ayikwei Parkes(传记)吉姆·唐斯:在过去的一年里，在哈佛大学哈钦斯非洲和非裔美国人研究中心，有很多关于为什么档案很重要的讨论。基于赛迪亚·哈特曼(Saidiya Hartman)的文章《两场中的维纳斯》(Venus in Two Acts)和她的书《失去你的母亲:大西洋奴隶路线之旅》、《不羁的生活，美丽的实验》和玛丽莎·j·富恩特斯(Marisa J. Fuentes)的《被剥夺的生活:被奴役的妇女，暴力和档案》的重要性，这些对话成为了人们关注的焦点，这些书提出了一个关键问题，即我们如何在传统档案中揭示被奴役和被压迫人民的生活虽然他们的批判性研究帮助我们中的许多人记住了塑造档案创建的意识形态力量，并提供了一个如何严格询问现存资源的模型，但我担心一些学者已经利用这种奖学金对档案研究变得悲观。我从哈特曼和富恩特斯那里学到的是如何更有创造性和批判性地思考如何解释现存的资料，而不是呼吁关闭档案研究。但我认为他们的工作现在被用来宣称黑人的主体性几乎不可能在传统档案中发现。在过去的一学年里，我在哈钦斯中心与拉肖纳·约翰逊和雷·林恩·巴恩斯共进午餐时讨论了这个问题，我们决定把我们的非正式谈话变成圆桌讨论，并将其发表在《内战历史》上。在某种程度上，南北战史已经脱离了许多非裔美国人研究中关于理论和方法的批判性对话，所以我想创建一个跨学科的论坛，将南北战史学家引入这一对话。当拉绍纳、雷·林恩和我讨论如何组织这次谈话时，我们决定选择一个主要的资料，我们都将根据自己的学术取向来阅读和分析。我们还认为这将是一个很好的练习，为读者的杂志。他们也可以阅读源代码和随附的圆桌会议，并在他们的研究或教学中使用它。虽然有无数的资料可以作为非裔美国人研究和内战研究之间的桥梁，但我决定阅读弗朗西斯·e·w·哈珀(Frances E. W. Harper) 1892年的小说《伊奥拉·勒罗伊》(Iola Leroy)，这本小说记录了内战期间黑人的经历。哈珀于1825年9月24日出生，父母是黑人。内战前，她是一位诗人和坚定的废奴主义者。几十年后，她决定写一部小说，旨在讲述黑人在战争期间的许多复杂故事。虽然Iola Leroy在出版时受到了批评的关注，但在20世纪上半叶，它从黑人知识分子和女权主义圈子之外的视野中消失了。在20世纪80年代早期，历史学家和文学评论家小亨利·路易斯·盖茨(Henry Louis Gates Jr.)领导了一项巨大的努力，以恢复和重新出版黑人女性所写的书籍。哈珀的小说通常被认为是黑人女性写的第一部小说，直到盖茨重新发现了哈丽特·威尔逊1859年的小说《我们的夜晚》。为了与期刊对跨学科研究的承诺保持一致，我邀请了著名学者盖茨参加我们的谈话。我还邀请了约翰·斯托弗(John Stauffer)，一位著名的历史学家和文学评论家，他是内战时期研究、19世纪文学和非裔美国人研究方面的专家。我们在哈钦斯大学举办了论坛，并邀请了哈钦斯大学的学者参加。专门研究加勒比海文学的文学评论家费思·史密斯(Faith Smith)在整个对话中都加入了评论，加纳裔英国获奖作家奈伊·阿伊克维·帕克斯(Nii Ayikwei Parkes)也加入了评论。吉姆·唐斯:我想让每个参与者回忆一下你第一次读伊奥拉·勒罗伊的时候，以及你对这部小说的印象。我也希望对话是有机的，所以请随时插话。我很高兴开始。我读了…
{"title":"A Novel as Archive: A Roundtable on Frances E. W. Harper's 1892 Novel, Iola Leroy, about the Civil War and Reconstruction","authors":"Jim Downs, Rhae Lynn Barnes, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Rashauna Johnson, John Stauffer, Faith Smith, Nii Ayikwei Parkes","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2023.a912509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2023.a912509","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> A Novel as Archive<span>A Roundtable on Frances E. W. Harper’s 1892 Novel, <em>Iola Leroy</em>, about the Civil War and Reconstruction</span> <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Jim Downs, <em>Editor and Moderator</em> (bio), Rhae Lynn Barnes (bio), Henry Louis Gates Jr. (bio), Rashauna Johnson (bio), John Stauffer (bio), Faith Smith (bio), and Nii Ayikwei Parkes (bio) </li> </ul> <strong>JIM DOWNS:</strong> <p>Over the past year at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University, there have been lots of discussions about why archives matter. These conversations have come into sharp focus based on the significance of Saidiya Hartman’s article “Venus in Two Acts” and her books <em>Lose Your Mother: A Journey along the Atlantic Slave Route</em> and <em>Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiment</em> and Marisa J. Fuentes’s <em>Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive</em>, which raise critical questions about how we can uncover the lives of enslaved and oppressed people in traditional archives.<sup>1</sup> While their critical research has helped many of us remember the ideological forces that shaped the creation of archives and provided a model on how to rigorously interrogate surviving sources, I am afraid that some scholars have used this scholarship to become pessimistic about archival research. What I learned from Hartman and Fuentes <strong>[End Page 65]</strong> was how to think more creatively and critically about interpreting surviving sources, not a call designed to shut down archival research. But I think their work is now being used to claim that Black subjectivity is almost impossible to uncover in traditional archives. Over the past academic year at the Hutchins Center, I have had conversations over lunch with Rashauna Johnson and Rhae Lynn Barnes about this, and we decided to turn our informal conversations into a roundtable discussion that could be published in <em>Civil War History</em>. In part, Civil War history has been divorced from many critical conversations happening within African American studies about theory and method, so I wanted to create an interdisciplinary forum that would introduce Civil War historians to this conversation. When Rashauna, Rhae Lynn, and I discussed how to organize the conversation, we decided to select a primary source that we would all read and analyze based on our own scholarly orientations. We also thought this would be a good exercise for readers of the journal. They too could read the source and the accompanying roundtable and use it in their research or teaching.</p> <p>While there are endless sources that could serve as the bridge between African American studies and Civil War studies, I decided on Frances E. W. Harper’s 1892 novel, <em>Iola Leroy</em>, which chronicles the Black experience during the Civil War. Harper was bor","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a912514
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Contributors <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <p><strong>MARLA ANZALONE</strong> is a PhD candidate in the Department of English at Duquesne University. Her dissertation, which received the McAnulty College of Liberal Arts Dissertation Fellowship, examines how nurse, surgeon, and soldier writings shape the collective imagined experience of the Civil War, the wounded soldier, and the hospital space.</p> <p><strong>RHAE LYNN BARNES</strong> is assistant professor at Princeton University and Sheila Biddle Ford Foundation Fellow at the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University. She is the author of the forthcoming <em>Darkology: When the American Dream Wore Blackface</em> (2024). She served as Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s executive advisor for the award-winning documentary series <em>Reconstruction: America after the Civil War</em>.</p> <p><strong>JIM DOWNS</strong> is the Gilder Lehrman National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of Civil War Era Studies and History at Gettysburg College. He is the author of <em>Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine</em> (2021). His other books include <em>Sick from Freedom: African American Sickness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction</em> (2012) and <em>Stand by Me: The Forgotten History of Gay Liberation</em> (2016).</p> <p><strong>MATTHEW FOX-AMATO</strong> is associate professor of history at the University of Idaho. He is the author of <em>Exposing Slavery: Photography, Human Bondage, and the Birth of Modern Visual Politics in America</em> (2019), runner-up for the Huntington Library’s 2021 Shapiro Book Prize, and finalist for the Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize and the Association of American Publishers PROSE Award.</p> <p><strong>BARBARA A. GANNON</strong> is associate professor of history at the University of Central Florida (UCF). She is the author of <em>The Won Cause: Black and White Comradeship in the Grand Army of the Republic</em> (2011).</p> <p><strong>HENRY LOUIS GATES JR.</strong> is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and director of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University. Emmy- and Peabody Award–winning filmmaker, literary scholar, journalist, cultural critic, and institution builder, Gates has published numerous books and produced and hosted an array of documentary films. <em>The Black Church</em> (PBS) and <em>Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches</em> (HBO), which he executive produced, have each received Emmy nominations. His latest history series for PBS is <em>Making Black America: Through the Grapevine</em>.</p> <p><strong>RASHAUNA JOHNSON</strong> teaches history at the University of Chicago. She is the author of <em>Slavery’s Metropolis: Unfree Labor in New Orleans during the Age of Revolutions</em> (2016), awarded the 2016 Wi
这里是内容的一个简短摘录，而不是摘要:作者MARLA ANZALONE是迪肯大学英语系的博士候选人。她的论文获得了麦克纳尔蒂文理学院的论文奖学金，研究了护士、外科医生和士兵的作品如何塑造了内战、受伤士兵和医院空间的集体想象经历。雷·林恩·巴恩斯，普林斯顿大学助理教授，哈钦斯非洲中心希拉·比德尔·福特基金会研究员。哈佛大学非裔美国人研究中心。她是即将出版的《黑暗学:当美国梦戴着黑脸》(2024)的作者。她曾在获奖纪录片系列《重建:内战后的美国》中担任小亨利·路易斯·盖茨的执行顾问。吉姆·唐斯是葛底斯堡学院内战时期研究和历史的吉尔德·莱曼国家人文基金会教授。他是《帝国之病:殖民主义、奴隶制和战争如何改变医学》(2021)一书的作者。他的其他著作包括《因自由而生病:非裔美国人在内战和重建期间的疾病和痛苦》(2012年)和《伴我同行:被遗忘的同性恋解放历史》(2016年)。马修·福克斯-阿马托(MATTHEW FOX-AMATO)是爱达荷大学历史学副教授。他是《揭露奴隶制:摄影、人类束缚和美国现代视觉政治的诞生》(2019)的作者，是亨廷顿图书馆2021年夏皮罗图书奖的亚军，也是吉尔德·莱尔曼·林肯奖和美国出版商协会散文奖的决赛入围者。BARBARA A. GANNON是中佛罗里达大学(UCF)的历史学副教授。她是《胜利的事业:共和国大军中的黑人和白人同志关系》(2011)一书的作者。小亨利·路易斯·盖茨是阿方斯·弗莱彻大学教授和哈钦斯非洲中心主任。哈佛大学非裔美国人研究中心。获得艾美奖和皮博迪奖的电影制作人、文学学者、记者、文化评论家和制度建设者，盖茨出版了大量书籍，制作并主持了一系列纪录片。《黑人教堂》(PBS)和他监制的《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯:五次演讲》(HBO)都获得了艾美奖提名。他最近为美国公共广播公司制作的历史系列节目是《美国黑人:通过小道消息》。RASHAUNA JOHNSON在芝加哥大学教历史。她是《奴隶制的大都市:革命时代新奥尔良的不自由劳动》(2016)一书的作者，该书获得了2016年路易斯安那州历史最佳书籍威廉姆斯奖和2018年南方历史协会颁发的关于南方工人阶级的最佳书籍h·l·米切尔奖。KRISTEN T. OERTEL是塔尔萨大学19世纪美国历史玛丽·f·巴纳德教授。她著有三本书:《流血的边界:内战前堪萨斯的种族、性别和暴力》(2009年)、《前沿女权主义者:克拉丽娜·霍华德·尼科尔斯和母性政治》(2010年)和《哈丽特·塔布曼:19世纪的奴隶制、内战和民权》(2016年)。NII AYIKWEI PARKES是一位加纳作家、编辑和出版商。他最著名的作品是广受好评的混合小说《蓝鸟的尾巴》，该书曾入围英联邦奖，获得法国波德莱尔奖和洛尔·巴塔永奖，并被《生活》杂志评为年度最佳首部外国书。他是哈钦斯非洲中心的非常驻研究员;哈佛大学非裔美国人研究中心。安吉拉·m·里奥托是美国陆军司令部和总参谋部学院军事史助理教授，专门研究美国内战时期、战俘、记忆研究和性别研究。FAITH SMITH在布兰迪斯大学英语系任教，并担任非洲和非裔美国人研究主席。她是《在废墟中漫步:二十世纪初加勒比海的非主权现代》(2023)一书的作者。约翰·斯托弗(JOHN STAUFFER)是哈佛大学英语和非洲及非裔美国人研究的凯特教授。他是二十本书和一百多篇文章的作者或编辑，包括《人类的黑心:激进的废奴主义者和种族的转变》(2001年弗雷德里克·道格拉斯图书奖的共同获得者)和《共和国的战歌:前进的歌的传记》(与……
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2023.a912514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2023.a912514","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Contributors <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <p><strong>MARLA ANZALONE</strong> is a PhD candidate in the Department of English at Duquesne University. Her dissertation, which received the McAnulty College of Liberal Arts Dissertation Fellowship, examines how nurse, surgeon, and soldier writings shape the collective imagined experience of the Civil War, the wounded soldier, and the hospital space.</p> <p><strong>RHAE LYNN BARNES</strong> is assistant professor at Princeton University and Sheila Biddle Ford Foundation Fellow at the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University. She is the author of the forthcoming <em>Darkology: When the American Dream Wore Blackface</em> (2024). She served as Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s executive advisor for the award-winning documentary series <em>Reconstruction: America after the Civil War</em>.</p> <p><strong>JIM DOWNS</strong> is the Gilder Lehrman National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of Civil War Era Studies and History at Gettysburg College. He is the author of <em>Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine</em> (2021). His other books include <em>Sick from Freedom: African American Sickness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction</em> (2012) and <em>Stand by Me: The Forgotten History of Gay Liberation</em> (2016).</p> <p><strong>MATTHEW FOX-AMATO</strong> is associate professor of history at the University of Idaho. He is the author of <em>Exposing Slavery: Photography, Human Bondage, and the Birth of Modern Visual Politics in America</em> (2019), runner-up for the Huntington Library’s 2021 Shapiro Book Prize, and finalist for the Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize and the Association of American Publishers PROSE Award.</p> <p><strong>BARBARA A. GANNON</strong> is associate professor of history at the University of Central Florida (UCF). She is the author of <em>The Won Cause: Black and White Comradeship in the Grand Army of the Republic</em> (2011).</p> <p><strong>HENRY LOUIS GATES JR.</strong> is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and director of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University. Emmy- and Peabody Award–winning filmmaker, literary scholar, journalist, cultural critic, and institution builder, Gates has published numerous books and produced and hosted an array of documentary films. <em>The Black Church</em> (PBS) and <em>Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches</em> (HBO), which he executive produced, have each received Emmy nominations. His latest history series for PBS is <em>Making Black America: Through the Grapevine</em>.</p> <p><strong>RASHAUNA JOHNSON</strong> teaches history at the University of Chicago. She is the author of <em>Slavery’s Metropolis: Unfree Labor in New Orleans during the Age of Revolutions</em> (2016), awarded the 2016 Wi","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a912512
Barbara A. Gannon
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Lost Causes: Confederate Demobilization and the Making of Veteran Identity</em> by Bradley R. Clampitt <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Barbara A. Gannon (bio) </li> </ul> <em>Lost Causes: Confederate Demobilization and the Making of Veteran Identity</em>. Bradley R. Clampitt. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-8071-7716-7. 344 pp., cloth, $50.00. <p>Lately, historians and others have devoted their attention to veterans’ home-coming. It is not surprising, given that a generation of veterans recently returned home from the seemingly forever wars of the twenty-first century. Moreover, Americans who remember the Vietnam War lament the failure to welcome back its veterans and understand that regardless of causes lost or won their communities owe these men and women proper homecomings. Bradley R. Clampitt’s <em>Lost Causes: Confederate Demobilization and the Making of Veteran Identity</em> represents an outstanding contribution to this body of work. As the title suggests, Clampitt focuses on this post-Appomattox demo-bilization of the Confederate armies. Unlike the defeated nations in modern wars, the Confederate government did not surrender, but its separate armies did so in stages in the spring and early summer of 1865.</p> <p>While the terms of surrender were extremely generous, particularly given President Lincoln’s assassination by Confederate sympathizers, the demobilization became just another cause for Confederate bitterness as Southerners remembered the Civil War—their Lost Cause—in the decades after the war. Clampitt describes the “traditional or popular interpretation” of the war’s end. According to the Confederates supporters “thousands of courageous <strong>[End Page 97]</strong> Confederate veterans, penniless and starving, find themselves hundreds of miles from home. Through wit, tenacity, and camaraderie, with enthusiastic assistance from proud southern civilians, . . . the soldiers scattered in all directions, typically on foot.” Despite these challenges, these men were “defeated but undaunted” embarking “upon journeys of epic proportions to reach their loved ones and experienced iconic homecoming moments with families and, in some accounts, loyal freedpeople who celebrated the return of the warriors in gray” (2).</p> <p>While this myth is sometimes true, some men walked hundreds of miles home assisted by supportive civilians and experienced an interracial home-coming, overall, the myth failed to reflect reality. First and perhaps foremost, after the initial chaos Union officials provided free transportation by rail and waterways and rations to facilitate Confederate soldier’s travels; a generosity that few victorious armies have ever shown the defeated. In addition, to the Confederate erasure of this US government support, veterans and others forgot the cr
{"title":"Lost Causes: Confederate Demobilization and the Making of Veteran Identity by Bradley R. Clampitt (review)","authors":"Barbara A. Gannon","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2023.a912512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2023.a912512","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Lost Causes: Confederate Demobilization and the Making of Veteran Identity</em> by Bradley R. Clampitt <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Barbara A. Gannon (bio) </li> </ul> <em>Lost Causes: Confederate Demobilization and the Making of Veteran Identity</em>. Bradley R. Clampitt. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-8071-7716-7. 344 pp., cloth, $50.00. <p>Lately, historians and others have devoted their attention to veterans’ home-coming. It is not surprising, given that a generation of veterans recently returned home from the seemingly forever wars of the twenty-first century. Moreover, Americans who remember the Vietnam War lament the failure to welcome back its veterans and understand that regardless of causes lost or won their communities owe these men and women proper homecomings. Bradley R. Clampitt’s <em>Lost Causes: Confederate Demobilization and the Making of Veteran Identity</em> represents an outstanding contribution to this body of work. As the title suggests, Clampitt focuses on this post-Appomattox demo-bilization of the Confederate armies. Unlike the defeated nations in modern wars, the Confederate government did not surrender, but its separate armies did so in stages in the spring and early summer of 1865.</p> <p>While the terms of surrender were extremely generous, particularly given President Lincoln’s assassination by Confederate sympathizers, the demobilization became just another cause for Confederate bitterness as Southerners remembered the Civil War—their Lost Cause—in the decades after the war. Clampitt describes the “traditional or popular interpretation” of the war’s end. According to the Confederates supporters “thousands of courageous <strong>[End Page 97]</strong> Confederate veterans, penniless and starving, find themselves hundreds of miles from home. Through wit, tenacity, and camaraderie, with enthusiastic assistance from proud southern civilians, . . . the soldiers scattered in all directions, typically on foot.” Despite these challenges, these men were “defeated but undaunted” embarking “upon journeys of epic proportions to reach their loved ones and experienced iconic homecoming moments with families and, in some accounts, loyal freedpeople who celebrated the return of the warriors in gray” (2).</p> <p>While this myth is sometimes true, some men walked hundreds of miles home assisted by supportive civilians and experienced an interracial home-coming, overall, the myth failed to reflect reality. First and perhaps foremost, after the initial chaos Union officials provided free transportation by rail and waterways and rations to facilitate Confederate soldier’s travels; a generosity that few victorious armies have ever shown the defeated. In addition, to the Confederate erasure of this US government support, veterans and others forgot the cr","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a904821
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Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a904827
Catherine V. Bateson
swamps of South Carolina and echoes other historians in noting how enslavers viewed “swamps as unruly slaves, requiring discipline before they would submit to cultivation and mastery” (124). He ventures from the various types of maroon settlements in Lowcountry and Savannah River swamps, to the lower Mississippi Delta, to the Great Dismal Swamp—home to the “most successful maroon community in the American South” where “hundreds, possibly thousands” of maroons lived and even raised “several generations” (138). In his final body chapter, “Landscape of Freedom,” Silkenat brings the reader to the Civil War era and concludes that “environmental destruction undergirded the argument for Southern secession and the formation of the Confederacy,” as “proponents of this new slaveholding republic articulated an environmental vision predicated on territorial expansion and enslaved Black labor” (149, 151). But as Silkenat describes in the book’s conclusion, the abolition of slavery ended neither racial oppression nor environmental degradation. While “freedom presented a new set of environmental opportunities and challenges” for Black Southerners, slavery had already “polluted everything it touched” (169). The sharecropping regime into which white landowners and former enslavers forced many African Americans only exacerbated the environmental destruction that they had put into motion under slavery (171). Silkenat closes the book with the briefest of invocations of the climate crisis, as he argues that the ongoing reckoning with American slavery must also “see the scars on the land” that the institution left behind (172). Nonetheless, it is impossible to read Scars on the Land without reflecting on the climate crisis’s growing impacts on the contemporary southern environment, and Silkenat’s compact synthesis is a valuable primer on the precedents for how intertwined environmental and racial exploitation, as well as resistance to those regimes, can manifest. Caroline Grego Queens University of Charlotte
{"title":"A Contest of Civilizations: Exposing the Crisis of American Exceptionalism in the Civil War Era by Andrew F. Lang (review)","authors":"Catherine V. Bateson","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2023.a904827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2023.a904827","url":null,"abstract":"swamps of South Carolina and echoes other historians in noting how enslavers viewed “swamps as unruly slaves, requiring discipline before they would submit to cultivation and mastery” (124). He ventures from the various types of maroon settlements in Lowcountry and Savannah River swamps, to the lower Mississippi Delta, to the Great Dismal Swamp—home to the “most successful maroon community in the American South” where “hundreds, possibly thousands” of maroons lived and even raised “several generations” (138). In his final body chapter, “Landscape of Freedom,” Silkenat brings the reader to the Civil War era and concludes that “environmental destruction undergirded the argument for Southern secession and the formation of the Confederacy,” as “proponents of this new slaveholding republic articulated an environmental vision predicated on territorial expansion and enslaved Black labor” (149, 151). But as Silkenat describes in the book’s conclusion, the abolition of slavery ended neither racial oppression nor environmental degradation. While “freedom presented a new set of environmental opportunities and challenges” for Black Southerners, slavery had already “polluted everything it touched” (169). The sharecropping regime into which white landowners and former enslavers forced many African Americans only exacerbated the environmental destruction that they had put into motion under slavery (171). Silkenat closes the book with the briefest of invocations of the climate crisis, as he argues that the ongoing reckoning with American slavery must also “see the scars on the land” that the institution left behind (172). Nonetheless, it is impossible to read Scars on the Land without reflecting on the climate crisis’s growing impacts on the contemporary southern environment, and Silkenat’s compact synthesis is a valuable primer on the precedents for how intertwined environmental and racial exploitation, as well as resistance to those regimes, can manifest. Caroline Grego Queens University of Charlotte","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"44 1","pages":"61 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a904828
Noah F. Crawford
{"title":"William Gregg’s Civil War: The Battle to Shape the History of Guerilla Warfare by Joseph M. Beilein Jr (review)","authors":"Noah F. Crawford","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2023.a904828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2023.a904828","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"15 1","pages":"64 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81234612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2023.a904830
Evan C. Rothera
Finally, Leonard counters critiques of Butler’s often-maligned military leadership by emphasizing Butler’s talents as an administrator. In addition to establishing order in captured Baltimore and New Orleans, Butler set up social programs throughout his military career. At Fort Monroe, Ship Island, and New Orleans, for example, he set up toilets and sanitation systems to maintain the health of soldiers and civilians. He also established social services for needy civilians that included food distribution and work programs as well as education programs to assist those who were struggling. These programs extended to Black contrabands in Fort Monroe and to poor whites and Blacks in New Orleans. Throughout this gracefully written book Leonard braids together Butler’s life with both national and local context. She weaves his family into his military and political career. The result is a biography that rescues a widely vilified Civil War general from the distortions that began in the 1860s. Instead of focusing on the Lost Cause characterizations of him as a “Beast,” scholars should recognize his tireless advocacy for women’s and African Americans’ rights. Butler should be remembered as one of his eulogists did, as a man who fought “against power, against wealth, against station” and who would be “cherished by the sons of poverty; by the oppressed, the friendless, the unfortunate of every type” (279). Lisa Tendrich Frank Independent Scholar
{"title":"The Union League and Biracial Politics in Reconstruction Texas by Carl H. Moneyhon (review)","authors":"Evan C. Rothera","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2023.a904830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2023.a904830","url":null,"abstract":"Finally, Leonard counters critiques of Butler’s often-maligned military leadership by emphasizing Butler’s talents as an administrator. In addition to establishing order in captured Baltimore and New Orleans, Butler set up social programs throughout his military career. At Fort Monroe, Ship Island, and New Orleans, for example, he set up toilets and sanitation systems to maintain the health of soldiers and civilians. He also established social services for needy civilians that included food distribution and work programs as well as education programs to assist those who were struggling. These programs extended to Black contrabands in Fort Monroe and to poor whites and Blacks in New Orleans. Throughout this gracefully written book Leonard braids together Butler’s life with both national and local context. She weaves his family into his military and political career. The result is a biography that rescues a widely vilified Civil War general from the distortions that began in the 1860s. Instead of focusing on the Lost Cause characterizations of him as a “Beast,” scholars should recognize his tireless advocacy for women’s and African Americans’ rights. Butler should be remembered as one of his eulogists did, as a man who fought “against power, against wealth, against station” and who would be “cherished by the sons of poverty; by the oppressed, the friendless, the unfortunate of every type” (279). Lisa Tendrich Frank Independent Scholar","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"1 1","pages":"68 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77308583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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