Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.3.1042.1
Jagriti Modi, Pooja Sharma
Context: This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of approaches for improving hand function through telerehabilitation in CP patients. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were consulted to perform an electronic search. A total of 12 studies were selected and reviewed. Evidence Acquisition: This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of approaches for improving hand function through telerehabilitation in CP patients. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were consulted to perform an electronic search. A total of 12 studies were selected and reviewed. Results: The data demonstrated the usability of telerehabilitation in children with CP for improving hand functions. Their gross and fine motor functions were significantly improved. Meanwhile, the data reported the perception of the caregivers. Conclusions: The conclusion based on the result of training hand function with telerehabilitation in the CP population showed promising results in improving grip strength, hand dexterity, motor skills, and so on. The secondary outcome was the satisfaction of caregivers.
{"title":"Approaches in Improving Hand Function in Cerebral Palsy Via Telerehabilitation: A Review","authors":"Jagriti Modi, Pooja Sharma","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.1042.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.1042.1","url":null,"abstract":"Context: This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of approaches for improving hand function through telerehabilitation in CP patients. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were consulted to perform an electronic search. A total of 12 studies were selected and reviewed. Evidence Acquisition: This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of approaches for improving hand function through telerehabilitation in CP patients. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were consulted to perform an electronic search. A total of 12 studies were selected and reviewed. Results: The data demonstrated the usability of telerehabilitation in children with CP for improving hand functions. Their gross and fine motor functions were significantly improved. Meanwhile, the data reported the perception of the caregivers. Conclusions: The conclusion based on the result of training hand function with telerehabilitation in the CP population showed promising results in improving grip strength, hand dexterity, motor skills, and so on. The secondary outcome was the satisfaction of caregivers.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.3.1047.1
M. Fakhri, R. Farhadi, S. Yousefi, M. Moosazadeh, Melina Ramezanpour, M. Azadbakht
Neonatal hypoglycemia is one of the major complications in neonatal wards, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment to prevent its complications. Dextrose gel is used as a cheap and safe choice. Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the effects of oral dextrose gel in preventing and treating neonatal hypoglycemia. To find the relevant articles, the national databases, including Barekat Gostar, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, and international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were consulted with standard keywords. The data were analyzed using the STATA 14 software, while the P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In 9 articles with a sample size of 8755 neonates, the mean neonatal weight ranged from 2890 to 3669 g. The share of neonates born through normal vaginal delivery equaled 61%, while 16% had low birth weight (below 2500 g), 16% had high birth weight (above 4500 g), 51% had diabetic mothers, 20% were premature, and 88% were singleton. Oral dextrose gel reduced the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia by OR=0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.93). However, neonatal hypoglycemia treatment with oral dextrose gel had an OR=0.78 (95% CI: 0.57-1.07), which was not statistically significant. Oral dextrose gel was effective in preventing neonatal hypoglycemia.
新生儿低血糖是新生儿病房的主要并发症之一，需要快速诊断和治疗以预防其并发症。葡萄糖凝胶是一种廉价而安全的选择。因此，本系统综述和荟萃分析研究旨在探讨口服葡萄糖凝胶预防和治疗新生儿低血糖的效果。为了找到相关文章，使用标准关键词查阅了包括Barekat Gostar、SID、Magiran、IranDoc在内的国家数据库和包括PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane和Google Scholar在内的国际数据库。使用STATA 14软件对数据进行分析，而P值<0.05被认为是显著的。在9篇样本量为8755名新生儿的文章中，新生儿平均体重在2890至3669克之间。通过正常阴道分娩出生的新生儿比例为61%，而16%的新生儿出生体重较低（2500克以下），16%的新生儿体重较高（4500克以上），51%的母亲患有糖尿病，20%早产，88%为单胎。口服葡萄糖凝胶降低新生儿低血糖的风险OR=0.83（95%CI:0.75-0.93）。然而，口服葡萄糖凝胶治疗新生儿低血糖的OR=0.78（95%CI:0.57-1.07），无统计学意义。口服葡萄糖凝胶可有效预防新生儿低血糖。
{"title":"Effects of Dextrose Gel in Preventing and Treating Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"M. Fakhri, R. Farhadi, S. Yousefi, M. Moosazadeh, Melina Ramezanpour, M. Azadbakht","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.1047.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.1047.1","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal hypoglycemia is one of the major complications in neonatal wards, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment to prevent its complications. Dextrose gel is used as a cheap and safe choice. Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the effects of oral dextrose gel in preventing and treating neonatal hypoglycemia. To find the relevant articles, the national databases, including Barekat Gostar, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, and international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were consulted with standard keywords. The data were analyzed using the STATA 14 software, while the P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In 9 articles with a sample size of 8755 neonates, the mean neonatal weight ranged from 2890 to 3669 g. The share of neonates born through normal vaginal delivery equaled 61%, while 16% had low birth weight (below 2500 g), 16% had high birth weight (above 4500 g), 51% had diabetic mothers, 20% were premature, and 88% were singleton. Oral dextrose gel reduced the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia by OR=0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.93). However, neonatal hypoglycemia treatment with oral dextrose gel had an OR=0.78 (95% CI: 0.57-1.07), which was not statistically significant. Oral dextrose gel was effective in preventing neonatal hypoglycemia.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44265739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.3.1017.1
Vahid Saleh, R. Afroundeh
Background: Overweight and obesity are prominent threats to pediatric health. The prevalence of childhood obesity has dramatically been increasing worldwide. Objectives: In this study, we analyze the effects of 8-week anaerobic gymnastic training on weight loss and related growth factors in obese children. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 30 obese elementary gymnasts in the age range of 8 to 12 years were randomly divided into control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed 45 minutes of anaerobic gymnastics training. Anthropometrical and body composition characteristics, maximal oxygen consumption, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured before and after 8 weeks of training. Results: At the baseline, there were no significant differences for any of the dependent variables between the two groups (P≥0.05). After 8 weeks of training, values of weight, waist-hip ratio, body fat percentage, body fat weight, lean body weight, and maximal heart rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) while maximal oxygen consumption and BDNF increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: We concluded that weight loss because of anaerobic gymnastic training may lead to a high serum concentration of BDNF. High BDNF may help in maintaining a reduced weight after intervention for obesity and may increase fat oxidation. The inhibitory effects of weight loss on vascular endothelial growth factor may have abolished the stimulatory effects of exercise and prevented a significant increase in the vascular endothelial growth factor level.
{"title":"Effects of 8-Week Anaerobic Gymnastics Training on Weight Loss and Related Growth Factors in Obese Children: A Clinical Trial","authors":"Vahid Saleh, R. Afroundeh","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.1017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.1017.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overweight and obesity are prominent threats to pediatric health. The prevalence of childhood obesity has dramatically been increasing worldwide. Objectives: In this study, we analyze the effects of 8-week anaerobic gymnastic training on weight loss and related growth factors in obese children. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 30 obese elementary gymnasts in the age range of 8 to 12 years were randomly divided into control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed 45 minutes of anaerobic gymnastics training. Anthropometrical and body composition characteristics, maximal oxygen consumption, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured before and after 8 weeks of training. Results: At the baseline, there were no significant differences for any of the dependent variables between the two groups (P≥0.05). After 8 weeks of training, values of weight, waist-hip ratio, body fat percentage, body fat weight, lean body weight, and maximal heart rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) while maximal oxygen consumption and BDNF increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: We concluded that weight loss because of anaerobic gymnastic training may lead to a high serum concentration of BDNF. High BDNF may help in maintaining a reduced weight after intervention for obesity and may increase fat oxidation. The inhibitory effects of weight loss on vascular endothelial growth factor may have abolished the stimulatory effects of exercise and prevented a significant increase in the vascular endothelial growth factor level.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42544133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.3.1036.1
Ana Carolina Pereira de Godoy, J. M. D. de Godoy, R. Ramos, M. F. G. Guerreiro Godoy
The present research aimed to report the treatment of primary congenital lymphedema using the Godoy method with a 17-year follow-up period. A 2-month-old male patient with bilateral primary congenital lymphedema of the lower limbs was sent to the Clinica Godoy-Brazil for specialized treatment. The physical examination revealed bilateral lower limb edema affecting the feet and middle third of the legs. The patient was made to use hand-crafted stockings made of grosgrain fabric. When the child reached 10 years of age, mechanical lymphatic therapy was conducted. A considerable reduction in the edema was achieved but with periods of improvement and worsening. In the last 4 years of the 17 years of treatment, the limbs have remained within or near the range of normality. The present findings demonstrate that the Godoy method is effective in controlling edema in cases of primary congenital lymphedema. When the family has difficulties, others who take care of the child should get involved to ensure the treatment of this type of lymphedema.
{"title":"Treatment of Primary Congenital Lymphedema Via the Godoy Method: A Case Report of 17-year Follow-up","authors":"Ana Carolina Pereira de Godoy, J. M. D. de Godoy, R. Ramos, M. F. G. Guerreiro Godoy","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.1036.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.1036.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aimed to report the treatment of primary congenital lymphedema using the Godoy method with a 17-year follow-up period. A 2-month-old male patient with bilateral primary congenital lymphedema of the lower limbs was sent to the Clinica Godoy-Brazil for specialized treatment. The physical examination revealed bilateral lower limb edema affecting the feet and middle third of the legs. The patient was made to use hand-crafted stockings made of grosgrain fabric. When the child reached 10 years of age, mechanical lymphatic therapy was conducted. A considerable reduction in the edema was achieved but with periods of improvement and worsening. In the last 4 years of the 17 years of treatment, the limbs have remained within or near the range of normality. The present findings demonstrate that the Godoy method is effective in controlling edema in cases of primary congenital lymphedema. When the family has difficulties, others who take care of the child should get involved to ensure the treatment of this type of lymphedema.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44454500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.3.1046.1
Maryam Dourandeesh, M. Akbari
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly affected people’s lives worldwide. Governments have used various measures to contain the spread of the pandemic, including confinement policies that have changed children’s lifestyles. Children had to limit their outdoor activities and daily routine to indoor activities. Alternative learning systems, such as online and offline teaching via digital devices have replaced traditional teaching methods. Therefore, children have to spend many hours in front of digital devices. As a natural side effect of the pandemic, these changes may influence children’s ocular health who may not be able to complain about these problems as early as adults. Objectives: This study reviews the literature regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s eye health, including myopia and digital eye strain. Methods: For this narrative review, a comprehensive literature search was performed on December 30, 2021, in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using the following keywords: “COVID-19,” “lockdowns,” “children,” “ocular health,” “eye health,” “visual health,” “ocular complications,” “myopia,” “ myopia progression,” “digital eye strain,” “computer vision syndrome,” “quarantine,” and “prevention.” A total of 22 eligible studies were identified for review. Results: Studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic have shown an increase in myopia prevalence, incidence, and progression in children, especially among young children. Strategies imposed by governments to control the spread of COVID-19 during confinement have led to dramatic changes in children’s lifestyles. These measures have compelled children to restrict outdoor activities and increase their near-work time (e.g., online e-learning), which contributes to the increase in digital eye strain and myopia progression. Conclusions: Children’s eye health can be influenced by the COVID-19 outbreak. These can serve as a warning to policymakers, health professionals, teachers, parents, and children about the effects of pandemics, such as COVID-19, on children’s visual health and the need to implement preventive and therapeutic measures.
{"title":"Indirect Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Ocular Health (Myopia and Digital Eye Strain): A Narrative Review","authors":"Maryam Dourandeesh, M. Akbari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.1046.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.1046.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly affected people’s lives worldwide. Governments have used various measures to contain the spread of the pandemic, including confinement policies that have changed children’s lifestyles. Children had to limit their outdoor activities and daily routine to indoor activities. Alternative learning systems, such as online and offline teaching via digital devices have replaced traditional teaching methods. Therefore, children have to spend many hours in front of digital devices. As a natural side effect of the pandemic, these changes may influence children’s ocular health who may not be able to complain about these problems as early as adults. Objectives: This study reviews the literature regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s eye health, including myopia and digital eye strain. Methods: For this narrative review, a comprehensive literature search was performed on December 30, 2021, in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using the following keywords: “COVID-19,” “lockdowns,” “children,” “ocular health,” “eye health,” “visual health,” “ocular complications,” “myopia,” “ myopia progression,” “digital eye strain,” “computer vision syndrome,” “quarantine,” and “prevention.” A total of 22 eligible studies were identified for review. Results: Studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic have shown an increase in myopia prevalence, incidence, and progression in children, especially among young children. Strategies imposed by governments to control the spread of COVID-19 during confinement have led to dramatic changes in children’s lifestyles. These measures have compelled children to restrict outdoor activities and increase their near-work time (e.g., online e-learning), which contributes to the increase in digital eye strain and myopia progression. Conclusions: Children’s eye health can be influenced by the COVID-19 outbreak. These can serve as a warning to policymakers, health professionals, teachers, parents, and children about the effects of pandemics, such as COVID-19, on children’s visual health and the need to implement preventive and therapeutic measures.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48168315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the most common congenital heart malformation, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) produces cyanosis. Patients with TOF suffer from a higher frequency of major noncardiac congenital disorders. Its association with congenital scoliosis influences vital and functional overcomes, restricting physical activity and lowering life expectancy. An 8-month-old female child was reported with admitted cough, fever, and ruled-out pneumonia. The child was diagnosed with heart disease at 2-month-old when cyanosis was apparent. After being admitted to a hospital, history and physical examination showed mild neurodevelopmental delays, such as an inability in rolling and crawling. Her chest x-rays revealed congenital spine abnormalities thoracic vertebral at T3-T8 levels and bilateral segmented-bar sacral vertebrae. Given that patients with TOF routinely undergo chest radiographs, physicians examining TOF patients’ chest radiographs should be aware of the potential for congenital scoliosis to provide early diagnosis and referral for orthopedic evaluation and treatment.
{"title":"Congenital Scoliosis and Tetralogy of Fallot With Neurodevelopment Delay: A Case Study and Literature Review","authors":"Y. Ghandi, S. Karimi, Rasool Karimi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.913.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.913.2","url":null,"abstract":"As the most common congenital heart malformation, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) produces cyanosis. Patients with TOF suffer from a higher frequency of major noncardiac congenital disorders. Its association with congenital scoliosis influences vital and functional overcomes, restricting physical activity and lowering life expectancy. An 8-month-old female child was reported with admitted cough, fever, and ruled-out pneumonia. The child was diagnosed with heart disease at 2-month-old when cyanosis was apparent. After being admitted to a hospital, history and physical examination showed mild neurodevelopmental delays, such as an inability in rolling and crawling. Her chest x-rays revealed congenital spine abnormalities thoracic vertebral at T3-T8 levels and bilateral segmented-bar sacral vertebrae. Given that patients with TOF routinely undergo chest radiographs, physicians examining TOF patients’ chest radiographs should be aware of the potential for congenital scoliosis to provide early diagnosis and referral for orthopedic evaluation and treatment.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49257924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leila Mohamadkhani Shahri, M. Simbar, Marzieh Bagherinia, Hengameh Mohamadkhani Shahri, M. Banaei
Background: AIDS is one of the perilous infectious diseases and according to the WHO, the only effective way to prevent AIDS is through health education. Therefore, high-risk and vulnerable groups, including adolescents, should be prioritized in educational programs. Objectives: This systematic review study aims to investigate the effects of model-based educational interventions on promoting AIDS preventive behaviors in Iranian adolescents. Methods: International databases, including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ISC, and Google Scholar, along with national databases, including Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and IRCT were consulted for eligible articles. The following keywords were selected based on MeSH and combined with Boolean (AND, OR) operators: “Adolescent, ” “Health model, ” “Education, ” “HIV, ” “Iran, ” and “Knowledge.” A total of 2969 articles published from April 1, 2005, to May 1, 2020, were extracted. Subsequently, two researchers reviewed the articles independently for screening and selection. The main inclusion criteria were Persian and English studies and model-based educational interventions. Data extraction was performed by two researchers via a researcher-made form independently according to the inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 12 final articles with a total sample size of 2013 adolescents, 8 articles were from the national databases and 4 from the international databases. Based on the results, although the health belief model is the most prevalent framework in designing educational interventions related to AIDS-preventive behaviors, it does not seem appropriate for changing long-term behaviors. It was also indicated that educational interventions based on the social cognitive theory did not have much effect on their attitudes, despite increasing adolescents’ awareness. Educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior also improved attitudes and significantly increased rejection skills while delaying risky AIDS-related suggestions in students. Conclusions: Different types of health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and the social cognitive theory educational interventions can be effective in increasing the knowledge of adolescents and promoting their HIV-related preventive attitudes and cognitive perceptions. Given their effectiveness, the design and implementation of such interventions are recommended in schools.
背景：艾滋病是一种危险的传染病，根据世界卫生组织的说法，预防艾滋病的唯一有效方法是通过健康教育。因此，包括青少年在内的高危和弱势群体应在教育方案中得到优先考虑。目的：本系统综述研究旨在调查基于模型的教育干预措施对促进伊朗青少年艾滋病预防行为的影响。方法：查阅Scopus、PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science、ISC和Google Scholar等国际数据库以及Magiran、SID、IranDoc和IRCT等国家数据库中符合条件的文章。以下关键词是基于MeSH并结合布尔（and，OR）运算符选择的：“青少年”、“健康模式”、“教育”、“艾滋病毒”、“伊朗”和“知识”。共提取了2005年4月1日至2020年5月1日发表的2969篇文章。随后，两名研究人员对文章进行了独立审查，以进行筛选。主要纳入标准是波斯语和英语研究以及基于模型的教育干预。数据提取由两名研究人员通过研究人员根据纳入标准独立制作的表格进行。结果：在2013年青少年的12篇最终文章中，8篇来自国家数据库，4篇来自国际数据库。根据研究结果，尽管健康信念模型是设计与艾滋病预防行为相关的教育干预措施的最普遍框架，但它似乎不适合改变长期行为。还有人指出，基于社会认知理论的教育干预措施虽然提高了青少年的意识，但对他们的态度没有太大影响。基于计划行为理论的教育干预也改善了学生的态度，显著提高了拒绝技能，同时推迟了与艾滋病相关的风险建议。结论：不同类型的健康信念模型、计划行为理论和社会认知理论的教育干预可以有效地增加青少年的知识，促进他们对艾滋病毒的预防态度和认知。鉴于其有效性，建议在学校设计和实施此类干预措施。
{"title":"Effects of Model-based Educational Interventions on Promoting AIDS Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Adolescents: A Systematic Review","authors":"Leila Mohamadkhani Shahri, M. Simbar, Marzieh Bagherinia, Hengameh Mohamadkhani Shahri, M. Banaei","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.975.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.975.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: AIDS is one of the perilous infectious diseases and according to the WHO, the only effective way to prevent AIDS is through health education. Therefore, high-risk and vulnerable groups, including adolescents, should be prioritized in educational programs. Objectives: This systematic review study aims to investigate the effects of model-based educational interventions on promoting AIDS preventive behaviors in Iranian adolescents. Methods: International databases, including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ISC, and Google Scholar, along with national databases, including Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and IRCT were consulted for eligible articles. The following keywords were selected based on MeSH and combined with Boolean (AND, OR) operators: “Adolescent, ” “Health model, ” “Education, ” “HIV, ” “Iran, ” and “Knowledge.” A total of 2969 articles published from April 1, 2005, to May 1, 2020, were extracted. Subsequently, two researchers reviewed the articles independently for screening and selection. The main inclusion criteria were Persian and English studies and model-based educational interventions. Data extraction was performed by two researchers via a researcher-made form independently according to the inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 12 final articles with a total sample size of 2013 adolescents, 8 articles were from the national databases and 4 from the international databases. Based on the results, although the health belief model is the most prevalent framework in designing educational interventions related to AIDS-preventive behaviors, it does not seem appropriate for changing long-term behaviors. It was also indicated that educational interventions based on the social cognitive theory did not have much effect on their attitudes, despite increasing adolescents’ awareness. Educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior also improved attitudes and significantly increased rejection skills while delaying risky AIDS-related suggestions in students. Conclusions: Different types of health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and the social cognitive theory educational interventions can be effective in increasing the knowledge of adolescents and promoting their HIV-related preventive attitudes and cognitive perceptions. Given their effectiveness, the design and implementation of such interventions are recommended in schools.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.3.1018.1
H. Karami, Bahareh Lashtoo Aghaee, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, Alame Abedi
Objectives: Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a debilitating disorder that has a high prevalence among children. The goal of this study is to evaluate patients’ and parents’ perceptions of health-related quality of life (QoL) for children with FAP. Methods: Between April 2018 and June 2019, a total of 200 children (including 100 with FAP and 100 healthy individuals) and 200 parents participated in this study. The participants completed a health-related QoL scale (pediatric quality of life inventory) that is scored on a scale from 0 (poor) to 100 (best). Children with FAP and their parents were compared to a control group consisting of healthy children. Results: Children with FAP had lower self-report QoL scores (46.97±17.43) compared to their healthy peers (78.69±13.02) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Parents of children with FAP reported lower QoL scores compared to parents of the control group (45.56±14.19 vs 75.94±15.06, P<0.05) but it was similar to the scores for their children. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that children with FAP and their parents experience a poor QoL compared to their healthy peers.
目的:功能性腹痛(FAP)是一种衰弱性疾病，在儿童中发病率很高。本研究的目的是评估患者和家长对FAP儿童健康相关生活质量(QoL)的看法。方法:2018年4月至2019年6月，共200名儿童(包括100名FAP患儿和100名健康个体)和200名家长参与了本研究。参与者完成了与健康相关的QoL量表(儿科生活质量量表)，评分范围从0(差)到100(最好)。将患有FAP的儿童及其父母与由健康儿童组成的对照组进行比较。结果:FAP患儿自我报告生活质量得分(46.97±17.43)低于正常同龄人(78.69±13.02)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FAP患儿家长的生活质量评分低于对照组家长(45.56±14.19 vs 75.94±15.06,P<0.05)，但与对照组家长的生活质量评分相近。结论:本研究表明，与健康同龄人相比，FAP患儿及其父母的生活质量较差。
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Mehrdad Sarabi, Niloufar Nikpasand, Elnaz Mahmoudabadi, Ashkan Torshizian, A. Ghodsi, A. Azarfar
Background: Enuresis is a common problem that affects up to 15% of 5‐year‐old children and may have significant psychological, emotional, and social consequences for both the child and their family. Enuresis is the inability of toilet‐trained children to hold urine during the night. It can be classified as primary and secondary. Secondary enuresis occurs in children who have had a dry duration of more than six months; otherwise, it is called primary enuresis. Objectives: This narrative review aims to summarize the available data on the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of children with enuresis. Methods: This study was conducted through a literature search with the keywords based on Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and were combined with other keywords, including enuresis, pediatric, incontinence, and treatment using PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Results: The initial evaluation of enuresis needs a detailed medical history and a careful physical examination with no need for radiology and invasive procedures. The treatment’s mainstay is non‐pharmacological treatments, such as behavioral intervention followed by pharmacotherapy. The appropriate treatment chosen depends on the children's age, midnight voiding patterns, and family and child preferences. Conclusions: Enuresis is a common disorder that affects both the child and the family in many ways. Enuresis's etiology is complex, and it is still not well understood. The child and family must be included in the treatment process, and potential pathophysiological causes must be taken into account.
背景:遗尿是一种常见的问题，影响多达15%的5岁儿童，并可能对儿童及其家庭产生重大的心理、情感和社会后果。遗尿症是指儿童在夜间无法如厕而憋尿。它可以分为初级和次级。继发性遗尿发生在干燥持续时间超过6个月的儿童中;否则称为原发性遗尿。目的:本文综述了儿童遗尿症的流行病学、病因学、病理生理学、评估和治疗方面的现有资料。方法:利用PubMed、Embase、Web of Sciences、Scopus、Cochrane等数据库，以医学主题词(MESH)为关键词，结合遗尿、儿科、尿失禁、治疗等关键词进行文献检索。结果:遗尿症的初步评估需要详细的病史和仔细的体格检查，不需要放射学和侵入性手术。治疗的主体是非药物治疗，如行为干预后的药物治疗。选择合适的治疗取决于孩子的年龄，午夜排尿模式，以及家庭和孩子的喜好。结论:遗尿症是一种常见的疾病，在许多方面影响儿童和家庭。遗尿症的病因是复杂的，它仍然没有很好地了解。儿童和家庭必须包括在治疗过程中，并且必须考虑到潜在的病理生理原因。
{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children","authors":"Mehrdad Sarabi, Niloufar Nikpasand, Elnaz Mahmoudabadi, Ashkan Torshizian, A. Ghodsi, A. Azarfar","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.3.995.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.3.995.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enuresis is a common problem that affects up to 15% of 5‐year‐old children and may have significant psychological, emotional, and social consequences for both the child and their family. Enuresis is the inability of toilet‐trained children to hold urine during the night. It can be classified as primary and secondary. Secondary enuresis occurs in children who have had a dry duration of more than six months; otherwise, it is called primary enuresis. Objectives: This narrative review aims to summarize the available data on the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of children with enuresis. Methods: This study was conducted through a literature search with the keywords based on Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and were combined with other keywords, including enuresis, pediatric, incontinence, and treatment using PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Results: The initial evaluation of enuresis needs a detailed medical history and a careful physical examination with no need for radiology and invasive procedures. The treatment’s mainstay is non‐pharmacological treatments, such as behavioral intervention followed by pharmacotherapy. The appropriate treatment chosen depends on the children's age, midnight voiding patterns, and family and child preferences. Conclusions: Enuresis is a common disorder that affects both the child and the family in many ways. Enuresis's etiology is complex, and it is still not well understood. The child and family must be included in the treatment process, and potential pathophysiological causes must be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46174348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.2.1039.1
Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari, G. Bayani, J. Ghaffari, Homayoon Bana Derakhshan, Zahra Kiani
Background: Preterm delivery is one of the main causes of newborn mortality, signifying the inequality of conditions in receiving the necessary prenatal care. Objectives: The present systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and socio-structural determinants of health with an emphasis on occupation, education, and income in Iranian society based on the World Health Organization model. Methods: In this systematic review, all observational articles published from 2000 to November 2021 were examined by searching the international and Persian databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, Cochrane, IranDoc, and SID. Keywords were extracted through the MESH. The articles were searched using English and Persian keywords of occupation, education, income, social and economic status, and preterm delivery and appropriate operators, such as AND, OR, as well as a combination of the search strategy of each database, and all related articles were collected. Results: In the initial search, 1456 articles were found, and a total number of 17 articles were finally included in the study, of which 12 articles were on occupation, ten articles on education, four studies on income, two studies on socio-economic status, seven studies on occupation, and eight studies on education. All studies on income and socio-economic status had shown a statistically significant relationship between these structural determinants and preterm delivery. Conclusions: Preterm delivery is a prevalent problem with critical complications in Iran and there is a significant relationship between structural determinants and preterm delivery. Appropriate interventions, such as life skills training, self-care, and prenatal care can help mitigate pregnancy outcomes.
背景:早产是新生儿死亡的主要原因之一，表明在接受必要的产前护理条件的不平等。目的:本系统综述旨在调查早产与健康的社会结构决定因素之间的关系，重点关注伊朗社会中基于世界卫生组织模型的职业、教育和收入。方法:在本系统综述中，通过检索Scopus、PubMed、谷歌Scholar、Web of Science、Embase、ProQuest、Cochrane、IranDoc和SID等国际和波斯数据库，检索2000年至2021年11月发表的所有观察性文章。通过MESH提取关键词。使用职业、教育程度、收入、社会经济地位、早产等英文和波斯语关键词和合适的and、OR等操作符，结合各数据库的搜索策略进行检索，收集所有相关文章。结果:初查1456篇，最终共纳入17篇，其中职业12篇，教育10篇，收入4篇，社会经济地位2篇，职业7篇，教育8篇。所有关于收入和社会经济地位的研究都表明，这些结构性决定因素与早产之间存在统计上显著的关系。结论:早产是伊朗严重并发症的普遍问题，结构决定因素与早产之间存在显著关系。适当的干预措施，如生活技能培训、自我保健和产前护理可以帮助减轻妊娠后果。
{"title":"Investigating the Relationship Between Structural Determinants of Health and Preterm Delivery: A Systematic Review","authors":"Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari, G. Bayani, J. Ghaffari, Homayoon Bana Derakhshan, Zahra Kiani","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.1039.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.1039.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm delivery is one of the main causes of newborn mortality, signifying the inequality of conditions in receiving the necessary prenatal care. Objectives: The present systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and socio-structural determinants of health with an emphasis on occupation, education, and income in Iranian society based on the World Health Organization model. Methods: In this systematic review, all observational articles published from 2000 to November 2021 were examined by searching the international and Persian databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, Cochrane, IranDoc, and SID. Keywords were extracted through the MESH. The articles were searched using English and Persian keywords of occupation, education, income, social and economic status, and preterm delivery and appropriate operators, such as AND, OR, as well as a combination of the search strategy of each database, and all related articles were collected. Results: In the initial search, 1456 articles were found, and a total number of 17 articles were finally included in the study, of which 12 articles were on occupation, ten articles on education, four studies on income, two studies on socio-economic status, seven studies on occupation, and eight studies on education. All studies on income and socio-economic status had shown a statistically significant relationship between these structural determinants and preterm delivery. Conclusions: Preterm delivery is a prevalent problem with critical complications in Iran and there is a significant relationship between structural determinants and preterm delivery. Appropriate interventions, such as life skills training, self-care, and prenatal care can help mitigate pregnancy outcomes.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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